double slit experiment - where waves coming through two slits interfere with each other

雙縫實驗

to be bright in some places on the wall, and dark in others.

要在牆上有些地方亮，有些地方暗。

And this works with quantum particles, too, since they behave in wave-like ways: send

這對量子粒子也適用，因為它們的行為類似波的方式：發送

a cat towards the slits, and it'll show up at a point on the wall.

一隻貓對著縫隙，它就會出現在牆上的一個點上。

Send a bunch of cats, and their accumulation reveals the same interference pattern as a

發一群貓，它們的積累顯示出相同的干擾模式，就像一個。

light wave .

光波

Now imagine you add another, competing double slit experiment, with another cat, that shares

現在想象一下，你增加另一個，競爭性的雙縫實驗，與另一隻貓，共享

one of the slits with the first setup.

其中一個縫隙與第一個設置。

Of course, if you send the second cat over and over towards these two slits , the points

當然，如果你把第二隻貓朝著這兩條縫隙不斷地送過去，那麼這兩點

where it hits the wall will give a similar interference pattern.

撞到牆上的地方也會產生類似的干擾模式。

And at this point here for one cat, and this point here for the other, those cats never

而此時，一隻貓在這裡，另一隻貓在這裡，這些貓從來沒有

show up, no matter how many times you send them through the slits.

無論你把它們從縫隙中送出多少次，都會出現。

Their wavelike behavior causes what's called “destructive interference”; if cats were

它們的波浪式行為會造成所謂的 "破壞性干擾"；如果貓咪是

light, these points would be in cat-darkness.

光，這些點會在陰謀。

But weird things happen if you send both cats at their double slits at the same time.

但是，如果你把兩隻貓同時送到它們的雙縫處，就會發生奇怪的事情。

The top cat goes through the top and middle slits and then towards the wall, and the bottom

上邊的貓從上邊和中間的縫隙中穿過，然後向牆邊走去，下邊是

cat goes through the bottom and middle slits and then towards the wall; and things would

貓從底部和中間的縫隙中穿過，然後向牆壁走去，事情就會發生。

again go as expected, of course, except that the cats get in each others' way going through

再次如期而至，當然，除了貓咪們互相妨礙，要通過。

the middle slit.

中間的縫隙。

Maybe the slit's too small for two cats to fit through simultaneously, or maybe, yeah!

也許是縫隙太小，兩隻貓無法同時通過，也可能是，是啊!

maybe one cat is actually made of antimatter so if both go through the middle slit, they

也許有一隻貓其實是由反物質構成的，所以如果兩隻貓都穿過中間的縫隙，它們就會

annihilate each other and never make it to the wall.

互相湮滅，永遠也到不了牆角。

Either way, the situation is now this: the cats traverse the slits in a quantum superposition

不管是哪種情況，現在的情況是：貓在量子疊加中穿越縫隙。

of top cat top/bottom cat middle, top cat top/bottom cat bottom, and top cat middle/bottom

上貓上/下貓中、上貓上/下貓下、上貓中/下的比例

cat bottom.

貓底。

There's no “both cats in the middle” in the superposition, since the cats can't

疊加中沒有 "兩隻貓在中間"，因為貓不能

traverse the middle slit together.

一起穿越中間的縫隙。

And since the superposition is missing the “both cats in the middle” option, the

而由於疊加缺少了 "兩隻貓都在中間 "的選項，所以在

interference patterns change and it's possible for the cats to end up in the places on the

干擾模式的改變，有可能讓貓咪最終落入在的地方。

wall where before there was cat darkness.

之前有陰謀的地方的牆。

This isn't at all surprising for waves - I mean, different amounts of wave coming through

這對於波浪來說一點也不奇怪--我的意思是，不同數量的波浪會通過

the slits means a different interference pattern.

縫隙意味著不同的干擾模式。

But there's something weird about this when particles are involved.

但當涉及到粒子時，這就有些奇怪了。

To see why, remember that individually, the cat darkness arose because the cat's wave-particle

要想知道為什麼，請記住，個別來說，貓黑的產生是因為貓的波粒

superposition went through both slits and interfered with itself to result in zero probability

疊加通過兩個狹縫，並對自身進行干擾，導致零概率。

of the cat ending up there.

的貓結束了那裡。

So if the bottom cat DOES end up there, it must not have been able to interfere with

所以，如果底層的貓真的在那裡，它一定無法干擾到我們的生活。

itself, so it must not have gone through both slits, so there must have been something blocking

本身，所以它一定沒有通過兩個縫隙，所以一定有什麼東西擋住了。

one - the other cat, in the middle.

一個--另一隻貓，在中間。

And if the top cat ends up in its previously cat-free spot, then it must not have gone

而如果頂上的貓咪最後出現在之前無貓的地方，那麼它一定是沒有走了

through both slits either - the bottom cat must have been blocking the middle slit.

兩條縫隙都沒有 - 底部的貓一定是擋住了中間的縫隙。

This wouldn't be a problem, except that when you actually do this experiment , some

這不會是一個問題，除了當你真正做這個實驗，一些。

of the time BOTH cats end up in the previously cat-free spots.

往往兩隻貓都會在之前的無貓區結束。

And we know they can't both have gone through the middle slit, because they would have annihilated

我們知道他們不可能都從中間的縫隙裡穿過去，因為他們會被消滅掉的

each other - so each cat must have been blocked from going through the middle slit by the

所以每隻貓一定是被中間的縫隙擋住了。

other cat having gone through the middle slit, simultaneously.

另一隻貓已經從中間的縫隙中穿過，同時。

Which of course seems impossible, and is why this situation has been called a paradox . And

當然，這似乎是不可能的，這也是為什麼這種情況被稱為悖論的原因。而且

it's certainly thought-provoking if you like to think about local realism or contextuality

如果你喜歡思考局部的現實主義或情境性，那一定會發人深省。

or weak measurement values or the interaction between classical logic and quantum mechanics.

或弱測量值或經典邏輯與量子力學的相互作用。

But it's not really that surprising, as long as you believe that quantum particles

但這其實並不奇怪，只要你相信量子粒子的存在。

can be in superpositions (which happens all the time and has been incredibly well experimentally

可以疊加（這種情況一直在發生，並且已經得到了非常好的實驗證明）。

confirmed).

確認）。)

As we said earlier, the two cats pass through the slits in the superposition “top middle”

前面我們說過，兩隻貓在疊加的 "上中下 "的縫隙中通過

plus “middle bottom” plus “top bottom”, which include both apparently necessary “blockages”

加 "中底 "加 "上底"，其中既包括明顯必要的 "堵點"

of the middle slit by one cat or the other, and it's this superposition that results

中間的縫隙被一隻貓或另一隻貓所佔據，正是這種疊加導致了

in the changed interference pattern that allows for the possibility that both cats simultaneously

在改變了的干擾模式中，使得兩隻貓有可能同時

end up in the previously cat-dark locations.

最終在之前的陰謀地點。

If all of this seems a bit weird - yeah, it is!

如果這一切看起來有點怪異--是的，確實如此!

But it's worth remembering that weirdness and paradox are not one and the same . And

但值得記住的是，怪異和悖論並不是一體的 。而且

the quantum cat/antimatter-cat double double-slit experiment is fully consistent with the predictions

量子貓/反物質貓雙雙裂縫實驗與預言完全一致。

and experimental results of quantum mechanics.

和量子力學的實驗結果。

Sometimes the universe is just weird!

有時候，宇宙就是這麼奇怪!

If you (or somebody you know, who maybe you're looking for a present for?) are the kind of

如果你（或你認識的人，也許你正在尋找禮物的人？

person who likes to dive deep into quantum paradoxes, or the cool things waves do when

喜歡深入研究量子悖論的人，或者是喜歡研究波浪時的酷炫事情的人。

they interfere, then you should definitely check out Brilliant.org, this video's sponsor,

他們的干擾，那麼你一定要看看Brilliant.org，這個視頻的贊助商。

which has courses and quizzes about all sorts of fascinating wave mechanics, and quantum

其中有關於各種迷人的波力學和量子的課程和測驗。

mechanics, and math puzzles, and more.

機制，以及數學難題等。

Unlike a youtube video, Brilliant gives you the opportunity to actually practice and hone

與youtube視頻不同的是，Brilliant讓你有機會實際練習和磨練。

your problem solving and scientific thinking skills, for school, work, or because understanding

你的問題解決和科學思維能力，為學校，工作，或因為了解你的問題。

the universe is awesome!

宇宙是真棒！

And if you go to brilliant.org/minutephysics you can get 20% off a premium subscription

如果你去 brilliant.org/minutephysics，你可以得到20％的折扣，高級訂閱。

to brilliant for yourself or for somebody else as a gift - it's non-materialistic

贈人玫瑰，手留餘香

AND arrives instantly!

並即時到達!

Again, that's brilliant.org/minutephysics for a deeper understanding of the weird but

同樣，這就是輝煌.org/分鐘物理學，以更深入地瞭解怪異但。

true physics that underlies our universe, for you, or your friends and loved ones.

真正的物理學，支撐著我們的宇宙，為你，或者你的朋友和親人。