Name: 2021年2月12日｜風寒的科學性 (February 12, 2021 | The Science Of Wind Chill)
Uploaded: 2021-02-12T22:00:29.000Z
Duration: 10 min 1 s

情態副詞

after an in depth interview with each day of the week, we have definitively concluded that Fridays are awesome.

在對一週中的每一天進行深入採訪後，我們已經明確得出結論，週五是很棒的。

Happy to bring you this Friday's edition of CNN.

很高興為大家帶來本週五的CNN。

11th Today there's a standoff taking place in India between the nation's government and the nation's farmers.

11日 今天印度發生了一場國家政府和國家農民之間的對峙。

This country is often called the world's largest democracy.

這個國家經常被稱為世界上最大的民主國家。

It has the world's second largest population, with 1.3 billion people, and more than half of those people make their living in agriculture.

它是世界第二大人口國，有13億人，其中一半以上的人以農業為生。

India is very heavily reliant on farming.

Disagreement over the Indian government passed three new laws last fall that many farmers don't like.

印度政府去年秋天通過了三項新法律，很多農民都不喜歡，這一點存在分歧。

They concern the prices of certain crops.

For decades, the Indian government required farmers to sell the foods they grew at ST Auctions, and the government guaranteed a minimum price that farmers would get for those foods.

幾十年來，印度政府要求農民在ST拍賣會上出售他們種植的糧食，政府保證農民獲得這些糧食的最低價格。

Last year, the government decided to allow farmers to sell their crops anywhere like grocery stores or to buyers in other states.

去年，政府決定允許農民在任何地方如雜貨店或其他州的買家出售他們的作物。

They no longer need to go through state auctions, but they also won't be guaranteed the minimum price anymore.

他們不再需要通過國家拍賣，但也不會再保證最低價格。

India's government says this will increase market competition and potentially the farmer's income.

印度政府表示，這將增加市場競爭，並有可能增加農民的收入。

But if there's a lot of supply, the growers might not get much money for their crops.

但如果供應量大，種植戶的作物可能拿不到多少錢。

And some farmers are concerned that if large companies get involved in the new buying and selling structure, they could also drive crop prices down below what used to be the minimum.

而一些農民擔心，如果大公司參與到新的購銷結構中來，也會使農作物價格低於過去的最低價。

Large protests welled up soon after the laws were passed, and they've gotten bigger since.

在法律通過後不久，大規模的抗議活動就湧現出來了，而且他們的規模也越來越大。

Witnesses say they've been mostly peaceful, but some marches did turn violent in New Delhi, and police used water cannons and tear gas to keep demonstrators from entering.

目擊者說，他們大多是和平的，但一些遊行確實在新德里變成了暴力，警察使用水炮和催淚瓦斯阻止示威者進入。

Negotiations have been going on for months between the Indian government and the leaders of more than 30 farmers unions, but so far they haven't found a compromise, and some protesting farmers say they're not going anywhere until the new laws are eliminated.

印度政府和30多個農民工會的領導人之間的談判已經持續了幾個月，但到目前為止，他們還沒有找到妥協的辦法，一些抗議的農民說，在新的法律被取消之前，他們不會去任何地方。

Multilayered barricades, concrete walls, barbed wire, nails embedded on roads and hundreds of security personnel thoroughfares leading to India's capital, New Delhi, have bean fortified by police, preventing farmers and their supporters from entering the city.

通往印度首都新德里的多層路障、水泥牆、鐵絲網、嵌在道路上的釘子和數百名安保人員的大道，都被警方進行了豆類加固，防止農民及其支持者進入城市。

Yeah, thousands of them have encamped on this highway in gossip or for over two months is just one of the three deli borders where farmers have been protesting against three agricultural reforms introduced by the government, which they fear will threaten their livelihood.

是啊，數千人在這條公路上紮營八卦或兩個多月只是三條熟食邊境之一，農民一直在抗議政府推出的三項農業改革，他們擔心這將威脅他們的生計。

While some are busy playing cards, some others were spotted praying in quiet corners of the camp.

當一些人忙著打牌的時候，還看到一些人在營地的安靜角落裡祈禱。

Youngsters intermittently break the routine with song and dance atop tractors.

年輕人斷斷續續地在拖拉機上載歌載舞，打破常規。

Dozens of people, young and old, are busy cooking in community kitchens and serving meals.

幾十位老少爺們在社區廚房裡忙著做飯、送飯。

36 year old farmer Kuldeep Singh is one of them.

36歲的農民Kuldeep Singh就是其中之一。

While he feeds hundreds of supporters a day, his father, back in the village tends to their farm call.

當他一天養活幾百個支持者的時候，他的父親，回到村子裡照顧他們的農場叫。

It has been at the protest site for almost 60 days.

它已經在抗議現場待了近60天。

Tarpaulin tents have lined the highway where farmers spent cold winter nights.

篷布帳篷已經在公路上一字排開，農民在這裡度過了寒冷的冬夜。

Water tankers are brought in by tractors for bathing, cooking and cleaning.

水車由拖拉機運來，用於洗澡、做飯、打掃衛生。

Medical boots have been set up to tend to the sick volunteer him and she.

醫療靴的設置是為了照顧生病的志願者他和她。

She spends the days at the camp him and she says she attends to almost 2000 patients a day.

她每天都在營地他，她說她每天要照顧近2000名病人。

The government of India says that the current new agricultural reforms will give expandable market access to farmers and paved the way for economically and ecologically sustainable farming.

印度政府表示，目前的新農業改革將給農民提供可擴大的市場準入，併為經濟和生態上可持續的農業鋪平道路。

Farmers disagree, arguing the need minimum price guarantees.

農民不同意，認為需要最低價格保障。

The coldest temperature ever recorded in the U.

美國有史以來最冷的溫度記錄。

Montana, Greenfield, Wisconsin, for Cavalier Air Force Station, North Dakota.

蒙大拿州、威斯康星州格林菲爾德市、北達科他州卡瓦里爾空軍基地。

In 1954 A temperature of minus 70 F was recorded in Rogers Pass, and this weekend, places like Rogers Pass probably won't see temperatures get above 0 F unless you like ice storms, Arctic cold and or rain.

1954年，羅傑斯通道記錄了零下70華氏度的溫度，這個週末，像羅傑斯通道這樣的地方可能不會看到溫度超過0華氏度，除非你喜歡冰風暴，北極寒冷和或雨。

It's not looking like a pretty Valentine's Day weekend for much of the United States, meteorologists say that pesky polar vortex is to blame.

美國大部分地區的情人節週末看起來並不美好，氣象學家說，討厭的極地漩渦是罪魁禍首。

The low pressure system usually keeps Arctic air bottled up at the North Pole, but when it gets unstable in winter, as it is now, the polar vortex allows that air to spill south and then, well, cold.

低壓系統通常會讓北極的空氣在北極處於瓶頸狀態 但當冬天變得不穩定時 就像現在這樣 極地渦旋會讓這些空氣向南蔓延 然後，就會變冷

Nearly 75 million Americans air under winter weather alerts.

近7500萬美國人在冬季天氣警報下空。

There's a rare blizzard warning in Portland, Oregon, and there's a belt of weather advisories stretching from central Texas to southern Connecticut.

俄勒岡州波特蘭市有一個罕見的暴風雪預警，從德克薩斯州中部到康涅狄格州南部有一條天氣預警帶。

In the middle of that belt, from Arkansas to Kentucky, forecasters are predicting dangerous ice accumulation that can knock out power and damaged trees.

在那條帶子的中間，從阿肯色州到肯塔基州，預報員正在預測危險的冰塊堆積，可以打掉電源和損壞的樹木。

Temperatures in several areas are expected to break records.

預計多個地區的氣溫將打破記錄。

Wind chills will make them feel even more harsh.

Tyler Mauldin There are two ways to measure temperature during the winter months.

Tyler Mauldin 在冬季有兩種測量溫度的方法。

Carl number one is the actual reading on your thermometer.

卡爾一號是你溫度計上的實際讀數。

Number two is how cold your body perceives it to be, which we call the wind chill.

第二條就是你的身體感知到的寒冷程度，我們稱之為風寒。

You've probably also heard it called the Feels Like temperature.

你可能也聽說過它叫Feels Like溫度。

The wind makes it feel colder than it really is, you know when it's frigid and the air has a bite to it, because the wind is howling and it just hurts to be outside.

風讓人感覺比實際情況更冷，你知道什麼時候會很冷，空氣也有一種咬人的感覺，因為風在咆哮，在外面就是很疼。

There's a long equation, as you can see here, that tells us exactly what that feels like.

有一個長長的公式，你可以看到這裡，告訴我們到底是什麼感覺。

Temperature could be given a certain temperature in wind speed.

溫度可以在風速中給予一定的溫度。

Make sure you memorize this equation because there will be a quiz later.

一定要記住這個方程，因為後面會有一個小測驗。

Thankfully, researchers at the National Weather Service have crunched the numbers and compiled it into a chart for all of us to see.

值得慶幸的是，美國國家氣象局的研究人員已經計算出了這些數字，並將其編製成圖表，供大家參考。

Whenever the thermometer drops below 50 F and the wind blows by at least three MPH, wind chill begins.

每當溫度計降到50華氏度以下，風速至少達到3英里/小時時，風寒就開始了。

It also tells us the colder and windier it turns, the bigger the windshield will be.

它還告訴我們，越是寒冷、越是風大，越是要變大，敳。

This matters because hypothermia can occur quickly when the wind chill is low and when it's extremely low, like minus 50 frostbite can set in within minutes.

這一點很重要，因為當風寒較低時，低體溫會很快發生，而當風寒極低時，比如零下50度的凍傷會在幾分鐘內發生。

Your body creates its own warm bubble of air just about the skin.

你的身體會產生自己溫暖的空氣泡，就在皮膚上。

It's what helps naturally keep you at a healthy temperature.

它是幫助你自然地保持健康的溫度。

When your bare skin gets exposed to the cold air and wind, the wind will whisk away that insulating layer, making you feel much colder and unable to warm.

當你裸露的皮膚暴露在冷空氣和風中時，風就會拂去那層保溫層，讓你覺得冷得多，無法取暖。

This can all be avoided by not venturing outside during the coldest hours when when chill alerts have been issued.

這都是可以避免的，在最冷的時候，當寒氣警報已經發出的時候，不要在戶外活動。

And if you do have to go outside in the extreme cold, cover every part of your body from your nose to your toes and remember, mittens are better than loves.

如果你真的要在極度寒冷的情況下外出，從鼻子到腳趾，覆蓋身體的每一個部位，記住，手套比愛心好。

The opposite of a windshield can occur to Carl.

相反的是，可以發生在卡爾敳。

It's called the heat index, which you hear us talk about during the summer season and is when your body has trouble cooling down.

這就是你在夏季聽到我們說的熱指數，也就是身體難以降溫的時候。

We're not coming in from the cold just yet.

我們還沒有從寒冷的地方進來。

There are some upsides to living in a winter wonderland.

生活在冬天的仙境中，也有一些好處。

Over a period of six years, a father in the European nation of Latvia built a bobsled track, and now we finally know how people get into this sport.

在6年的時間裡，歐洲國家拉脫維亞的一位父親建造了一條雪橇賽道，現在我們終於知道人們是如何從事這項運動的了。

He used old furniture to build it, and on Lee spent maybe 60 bucks for the screws that hold it all together.

他用舊傢俱來打造，在李先生身上大概花了60塊錢買了固定它的螺絲。

His love of building, the love of his kids and the desire to keep them from sitting in front of screens during the winter.

他對建築的熱愛，對孩子的愛，以及讓他們在冬天不坐在螢幕前的願望。

Hey, Billy, I got a new hot wheels track.

嘿，比利，我得到了一個新的熱輪軌道。

Hey, Timmy, I got a new bobsled track and now the kids could talk bobsled smack.

嘿，蒂米，我有了一個新的雪橇軌道 現在孩子們可以說雪橇的壞話了。

And if that Olympic sized effort doesn't slide, those kids into the Olympic Games will.

而如果奧運規模的努力不滑坡，那些進入奧運會的孩子就會。

Maybe it's them who are just slipping off track.

I'm Carl issues and you know who's not slipping off track.

我是卡爾的問題，你知道誰沒有滑出軌道。

The Sidwell Friends School in Washington D.

華盛頓特區的西德維爾朋友學校。

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