I'm Catherine and joining me today is Tom. Hello Tom.

我是凱瑟琳，今天加入我的是湯姆。你好，湯姆

Hello Catherine and hello to our audience. Today's story is from India,

凱瑟琳你好，觀眾朋友們好。今天的故事來自印度。

where there has been a serious flood in the north of the country.

其中，我國北方地區發生了嚴重的洪澇災害。

Yes, and to test yourself on the vocabulary today,

是的，也是為了測試自己今天的詞彙量。

there is a quiz on our website: bbclearningenglish.com.

在我們的網站上有一個測驗：bbclearningenglish.com。

Let's hear more about this story from this BBC report:

讓我們從BBC的這篇報道中聽到更多的故事。

So, there has been a huge flood in northern India.

所以，印度北部發生了大洪水。

The flood has damaged a dam.

洪水破壞了一個水壩。

There are, at the time of recording, at least 14 people dead

在記錄時，至少有14人死亡。

and 150 people missing. Many of the people who are missing

和150人失蹤。許多失蹤的人

are believed to be workers in the area

相信是該地區的工人

and the Indian government has sent the army

而印度政府已經派出軍隊

to the area to help to deal with things.

到地區幫助處理事情。

And you've been looking at the stories

而你一直在看這些故事

making the headlines around these events

上頭條

and you picked out three words and expressions

你選了三個詞和表情

that are popping up on all these stories, haven't you Tom?

在這些故事中出現的，不是嗎，湯姆？

Yes. Words and expressions today:

是的。今天的詞語和表情。

'bursts', 'devastating' and 'raised the alarm'.

'爆裂'、'破壞性'和'提高警惕'。

'Bursts', 'devastating' and 'raised the alarm'.

'爆裂'、'破壞性'和'提高警惕'。

Can we have a look at your first headline please?

我們可以看一下你的第一個標題嗎？

Of course. My first headline is from at home, from the BBC. It says:

當然，我的第一個頭條是來自國內，來自BBC。我的第一個標題來自國內，來自BBC。它說：

'Bursts' – breaks suddenly. Now, this is a verb, isn't it Tom?

'突發'--突然中斷。現在，這是一個動詞，不是嗎，湯姆？

Yeah. 'Bursts' – breaks suddenly.

是啊，"爆裂"--突然斷裂。

The verb is 'to burst' – B-U-R-S-T –which means to break suddenly.

動詞是'爆裂'--B-U-R-S-T--意思是突然斷裂。

And it's irregular, isn't it?

而且是不規則的，不是嗎？

It is, yeah. 'Burst' is an irregular verb, so verb one is 'burst',

是的，是的。'爆'是一個不規則動詞，所以動詞一是'爆'。

verse – excuse me... verb two is 'burst' and verb three is also 'burst',

詩句--不好意思......動詞二是 "爆"，動詞三也是 "爆"。

so it's easy to remember.

所以很容易記住。

...Burst, burst, burst. Yes, that's easy! Burst, burst, burst.

...爆裂，爆裂，爆裂。是的，這很簡單！爆裂，爆裂，爆裂。

And it's to do with containers, isn't it? When we talk about the meaning.

而且是跟容器有關，對不對？當我們談及意義的時候。

Yeah. So, there's two things about the meaning

是啊，所以，有兩件事是關於意義的。所以，有兩件事關於意義的事情

that's, kind of, special to this verb.

那是，一種，特殊的這個動詞。

We use – as you said, we use 'burst' for containers.

我們用--正如你所說，我們用 "爆裂 "來表示容器。

So, in this case we're talking about a dam:

所以，在這種情況下，我們談論的是一個大壩。

a container, which is full of water.

一個容器，裡面裝滿了水；

And when the dam breaks, or 'bursts' – you know, it has...

而當大壩破裂或 "爆裂 "時，你知道，它已經... ...

it breaks suddenly and the water comes out.

突然斷裂，水就出來了。

That's what's caused this mass flood in India.

這就是印度這次大規模洪水的原因。

Got it. And it's only about water coming out of things,

我知道了而且這只是關於水出來的東西。

or can other things 'burst' as well?

還是其他東西也能'爆'？

No, it's not just about water.

不，這不僅僅是水的問題。

So, any container that holds something can 'burst'.

所以，任何盛放東西的容器都可能 "爆裂"。

So, for example if you go to a children's birthday party,

所以，比如說你去參加一個兒童的生日聚會。

there might be a balloon and if you 'burst' the balloon it will pop:

可能有一個氣球，如果你 "爆裂 "的氣球，它將彈出。

the air will come out or 'burst' out, which is the phrasal verb,

氣會出來或'爆發'出來，這是短語動詞。

and it will make a loud noise.

並且會發出很大的聲音。

Got it. So, that bag of sugar I dropped the other day on the kitchen floor:

我知道了我那天把一袋糖掉在了廚房的地板上

that 'burst' open and all the sugar came out.

的'爆裂'開來，所有的糖都出來了。

Exactly, yeah. A bag of sugar is a bag which contains sugar.

沒錯，是的。一袋糖就是裝糖的袋子。

If it 'bursts', then you're going to get sugar everywhere.

如果它 "爆裂 "了，那你就會到處都是糖。

So 'burst' – there's really this idea that it's full...

所以，"爆"--真的有這樣的想法，它滿......。

that a container is full of something.

容器裡裝滿了東西。

And we can use this in fixed expressions.

而且我們可以在固定表達式中使用。

For example, if we laugh, we can 'burst into laughter'.

比如我們笑，就可以 "爆笑"。

If we cry, we can 'burst into tears'.

如果我們哭了，就會'淚流滿面'。

And if something sets on fire quickly, we can say it 'bursts into flames'.

而如果某樣東西迅速起火，我們可以說它'爆燃'。

So, it's all this idea that something happens quickly or suddenly.

所以，都是這種想法，事情發生得很快或很突然。

Interesting. And those are emotions as well,

有意思而這些也是情感。

so it's not just about actual material things;

所以它不僅僅是關於實際的物質的東西。

so you can 'burst into tears' and 'burst out laughing' as well.

所以你也可以'淚流滿面'和'爆笑'。

Yeah exactly. That was a very good point – I didn't notice that.

是的，沒錯。這是一個非常好的觀點--我沒有注意到這一點。

Yeah. So, it has a figurative use as well.

是啊，所以，它也有一個形象的用法。所以，它也有一個形象的用途。

Great. Thank you very much. So, let's see a summary:

很好，非常感謝你。非常感謝你。那麼，讓我們來看看總結。

So, this is not the first dam story we've covered here on News Review, is it Tom?

所以，這不是我們《新聞評論》第一次報道水壩的故事，是嗎，湯姆？

No. Dams, for obvious reasons, often make the news.

不，大壩，由於顯而易見的原因，經常上新聞。

There's one from 2017 about a dam in America, which is at risk of bursting,

有一個是2017年的，講的是美國的一個大壩，它有爆裂的危險。

and you can find it by clicking the link.

你可以通過點擊鏈接找到它。

Thank you very much. Now, let's have a look at your second headline.

謝謝你，非常感謝你，現在，讓我們看看你的第二個標題。現在，讓我們看看你的第二個標題。

My second headline, from here in the UK again,

我的第二個頭條，又來自英國這裡。

from The Guardian – it says:

來自《衛報》--它說。

And the word is 'devastating'.

而這個詞就是'破壞性'。

'Devastating' – very damaging.

'破壞性'--破壞性很大。

What can you tell us about this one, Tom?

你能告訴我們關於這個的什麼，湯姆？

It's an adjective: D-E-V-A-S-T-A-T-I-NG – 'devastating'.

這是一個形容詞。D-E-V-A-S-T-A-T-I-NG - "毀滅性"。

And 'devastating' defines – excuse me...

而 "毀滅性 "的定義是--對不起... ...

'Devastating' describes the effects of the flood, which are very, very bad:

'摧枯拉朽'形容洪水的影響，非常非常惡劣。

they've caused, you know, a huge amount of damage.

他們已經造成了，你知道， 一個巨大的損害量。

OK. So, it's all about damaging – damage and disaster, isn't it?

好的。所以，這就是破壞--損害和災難，不是嗎？

'Devastating' – there's an adjective.

'破壞性'--有一個形容詞。

Can we use the '-ed' form as well?

我們能不能也用'-ed'的形式？

Yeah. So, if it's... if the, you know, the water or the flood is 'devastating',

所以，如果...所以，如果它是... 如果，你知道，水或洪水是 "毀滅性的"。

it creates damage. We could say that the things

它造成了傷害。我們可以說，這些東西

that receive the effect of that – we can use the '-ed' form.

的效果--我們可以使用'-ed'形式。

So, we could say, 'Below the dam, villages have been devastated.'

所以，我們可以說，"大壩下面，村莊已經被破壞了。

Or: 'Buildings have been devastated.'

或者說："建築物已經被破壞了。

You know, they've been destroyed – is another good word.

你知道，他們已經被摧毀--是另一個好詞。

We can also use the noun form, which is 'devastation'.

我們也可以用名詞形式，就是 "破壞"。

'Devastation' – if there's damage everywhere there is 'devastation'.

'破壞'--如果到處都有破壞，就會有'破壞'。

So, we could say, 'The flood has created scenes of devastation.'

所以，我們可以說："洪水造成了滿目瘡痍的景象。

Great. So, 'devastating', 'devastated' and 'devastation'.

很好。那麼，"破壞性"、"毀滅性 "和 "破壞性"。

And it's only about physical damage?

而且只涉及到物理傷害？

No, it's not. I chose this word because actually we use this

不，它不是。我選擇這個詞是因為實際上我們用這個

in our, sort of, personal lives a lot – quite a lot as well.

在我們的，有點，個人生活很多 - 相當多的，以及。

It's quite a serious word, 'devastating', but we could use it

這是一個相當嚴重的詞，"破壞性"，但我們可以使用它。

for a very bad personal news, for example.

例如，對於一個非常糟糕的個人消息。

OK. So, things like, sort of, death or serious illness...

好吧。所以，事情就像，排序，死亡或嚴重的疾病... ...

Precisely.

正是如此。

...or, kind of, divorce and things like that.

...或者，有點，離婚之類的事情。

Yeah. If you get something that really, really is upsetting,

是的，如果你得到的東西，真的，真的是令人不安。

you could say that it's 'devastating'

可以說是 "毀滅性的

and that would make you feel 'devastated':

那會讓你感到'崩潰'。

you know, hurt, sad and damaged by this news or event.

你知道，傷害，悲傷和損壞 這個消息或事件。

Thank you very much. Let's see a summary:

非常感謝您。讓我們來看看總結。

So, natural disasters are very serious. They often make the news.

所以，自然災害是非常嚴重的。它們經常成為新聞。

We covered Hurricane Irma in Florida, didn't we Tom?

我們報道了佛羅里達州的颶風艾瑪，不是嗎，湯姆？

We did – from 2017, I believe.

我們做到了--從2017年開始，我相信。

And you can access that video by clicking the link.

你可以通過點擊鏈接訪問該視頻。

Thank you very much. Now to your next headline.

非常感謝你。現在到你的下一個標題。

Our next headline, Catherine, is from the Hindustan Times – it says:

我們的下一個標題，凱瑟琳，來自《印度斯坦時報》--它說。

And that expression is 'raised the alarm'.

而這句話就是'拉響了警報'。

'Raised the alarm' – made people aware of danger.

'拉響了警報'--讓人們意識到危險。

I notice there's no 'the' in the headline, Tom.

我注意到標題裡沒有 "the"，湯姆。

There is no 'the' in the headline, no.

標題裡沒有 "the"，沒有。

The full expression is 'raised the alarm'.

完整的表達方式是'提高警惕'。

The headline drops 'the' to save space.

標題去掉'the'以節省空間。

The headline also saves space by using 'HC'

標題使用 "HC "也可以節省空間。

instead of High Court, which is the – sort of– legal court.

而不是高級法院，這是一種--法律法院。

So, the headline is saying that villagers in the region

所以，頭條是說，該地區的村民

had been to the legal court, the High Court, two years ago

兩年前曾到過法律法庭，即高等法院。

to raise the alarm – to make people aware of danger in the area.

發出警報 -- -- 讓人們意識到該地區的危險；

OK. And we've got a three-word phrase here, then.

好的。我們有一個三個字的短語在這裡，然後。

How does that break down?

這怎麼破？

'Raised' is the past simple of the verb 'raise'. Here it's: R-A-I-S-E-D.

'提高'是動詞'提高'的過去式。這裡是：R -A -I -S

'The' – the article: T-H-E.

'The'--文章。T -H -E。

And alarm: A-L-A-R-M. 'Raised the alarm'.

和警報。A -L -A'拉響了警報'。

And 'raised' is a verb of movement:

而'提出'是一個動詞的動作。

It actually means to move something upwards, doesn't it?

其實就是把東西往上移的意思，不是嗎？

To move something up or, you know, to 'bring up'

把東西往上提，或者，你知道，"往上提"。

and you think in a conversation – if you 'bring something up',

而你在談話中認為--如果你 "提出了什麼"。

you mention it and you make people aware of it.

你提到它，你讓人們意識到它。

So, with 'raised the alarm' you're making people aware of an alarm –

所以，"提高了警報"，你讓人們意識到了一個警報--。

of an alarming or dangerous situation.

驚人或危險的情況；

OK. And the meaning of 'alarm'?

好吧，那 "警報 "的意思呢？那 "警報 "的意思呢？

Well, you tell me. You probably have an alarm, don't you Catherine?

好吧，你告訴我。你可能有一個報警器，不是嗎凱瑟琳？

Well, I have an alarm clock: it wakes me up in the morning

我有一個鬧鐘，早上叫我起床。

and makes me very bad-tempered and gives me a bit of a shock actually.

並讓我的脾氣非常不好，給我的衝擊其實是有點大的。

Exactly. So, your alarm raises your awareness,

沒錯，所以，你的警報器能提高你的意識，所以，你的警報會提高你的意識。

and it makes you aware that you need to get out of bed and...

它讓你意識到你需要下床... ...

...and to go to work. And I bet it makes you feel 'alarmed', as well.

...去上班。我敢打賭，它讓你感到 "驚恐"，以及。

I get quite... 'Ah, what was that??' It makes me –

我得到相當... "啊，那是什麼？這讓我...

it certainly makes me wake up, and I set it on very gentle tunes

它肯定會讓我醒來，我把它設置為非常溫和的曲調。

and I still get a shock... when it goes off.

我還是會被嚇到... 當它爆炸的時候。

Yes, if... so 'alarm' – if you're 'alarmed', we could say that you're shocked.

是的，如果......所以 "驚"--如果你 "驚 "了，我們可以說你震驚了。

You might be, sort of, disturbed or it might be by...

你可能會，有點，心煩意亂，也可能是被...

you might feel affected by 'alarming' news – it's this idea

你可能會覺得受到 "驚天動地 "的消息影響--就是這個想法。

that something important and shocking is, sort of, happening to you.

一些重要的和令人震驚的事情是， 排序，發生在你身上。

So, 'raise the alarm' is quite similar to the idea of 'warn', then?

那麼，'提高警惕'與'警告'的概念頗為相似，那麼？

Yeah. It's really similar to the idea of 'warn' actually:

是啊，其實這和 "警告 "的概念很相似。

to make someone aware of danger.

讓人意識到危險。

But there's a difference. Could you give me an example, please?

但這是有區別的。你能舉個例子嗎？

Well, 'warn'... I can warn you that the traffic's really bad

嗯，"警告"...我可以警告你，這裡的交通真的很糟糕。

and you probably need to add a little extra time to your journey, for example,

而你可能需要增加一點額外的時間來完成你的旅程，比如說。

but I probably wouldn't 'raise the alarm' about that.

但我可能不會對此 "提高警惕"。

So, 'raise the alarm' is probably more formal than 'warn',

所以，'提高警惕'可能比'警告'更正式。

but in your example you said, 'I warned you that the traffic was bad.'

但在你的例子中，你說："我警告過你，交通很糟糕。

So, with 'warn' here we use an object: 'I warned you'.

所以，這裡的'警告'我們用一個對象：'我警告你'。

With 'raise the alarm', we don't need to;

有了'提高警覺'，我們就不需要了。

you could just say, 'Catherine raised the alarm.'

你可以直接說 "凱瑟琳拉響了警報

I could say, 'Catherine raised the alarm that the traffic was bad.'

我可以說："凱瑟琳發出警報說交通不暢。

Got it. OK. So, let's have a look at a summary:

我知道了好吧，我知道了。那麼，讓我們來看看總結吧。

So, it's time for me to 'raise the alarm'

所以，是時候讓我 "拉響警報

about the approaching end of the programme.

方案即將結束。

Could you please recap the vocabulary, Tom?

湯姆，你能不能重溫一下詞彙？

Of course. Today's vocabulary: 'bursts' – breaks suddenly.

當然了今天的詞彙："爆裂"--突然斷裂。

'Devastating' – very damaging.

'破壞性'--破壞性很大。

And 'raised the alarm' – made people aware of danger.

並且'拉響了警報'--讓人們意識到了危險。

Thank you very much. Now, don't forget – there's a quiz

非常感謝你。現在，不要忘了 - 有一個測驗。

on our website: bbclearningenglish.com.

在我們的網站：bbclearningenglish.com。

You can find us all over social media as well.

你也可以在社交媒體上找到我們。

Thank you very much for watching and it's goodbye.

非常感謝您的觀看，再見了。

Goodbye everyone. See you next time.

大家再見下次再見。