It's important to find food and not be food.

重要的是找到食物，而不是成為食物。

And for a lot of animals, they do this just like you were I would... with their eyes.

對於很多動物來說，他們這樣做就像你我一樣... 用他們的眼睛。

But not all eyes are the same.

但不是所有的眼睛都是一樣的。

Animals evolved at different times in different environments,

動物在不同的時期，在不同的環境中進化。

meaning there are whole lot of different eyes out there working in different ways

意思是說，有很多不同的眼睛在用不同的方式工作。

all in the name of survival.

都是以生存的名義。

As a veterinarian who has traveled the world working with different animals in different

作為一個走遍世界的獸醫，與不同的動物在不同的地方工作。

places, I've seen this firsthand and it never ceases to amaze me.

的地方，我親眼所見，它永遠讓我感到驚奇。

One of my favorite eyes are goat eyes, which have these horizontal rectangular pupils,

我最喜歡的眼睛之一是山羊眼，它有這種橫向的長方形瞳孔。

great for seeing wider ranges helping to locate predators, when they're grazing.

當它們在吃草的時候，可以看到更廣闊的範圍，幫助找到捕食者。

Colossal squid have the biggest eyes in the world,

巨型烏賊擁有世界上最大的眼睛。

some think the biggest ever, they've evolved to see large

有人認為是有史以來最大的，他們已經進化到看到大的

objects far away, perfect for spotting sperm whales looking for lunch.

遠處的物體，非常適合發現抹香鯨尋找午餐。

But today we're going to be talking about owl eyes.

但今天我們要講的是貓頭鷹的眼睛。

Now there are a lot of things that make owls fascinating animals and fierce hunters;

現在有很多東西使貓頭鷹成為迷人的動物和凶猛的獵人。

powerful beaks and talons, feathers that actually help them reduce noise as they flap, and some species

強大的喙和爪子，羽毛，實際上幫助他們減少噪音，因為他們拍打，和一些物種。

actually have asymmetrical ears.

其實有不對稱的耳朵。

One is higher than the other.

一個比一個高。

And that helps them locate prey better in the dark.

這有助於它們在黑暗中更好地定位獵物。

But today I really want to talk about their eyes, and not just because I have this skull,

但今天我真的想談談他們的眼睛，不只是因為我有這個頭骨。

but it helps.

但它有助於。

This is my great horned owl skull, and it's one of my favorites because I mean if you

這是我的大角貓頭鷹頭骨，它是我的最愛之一，因為我的意思是，如果你

look at his eyeballs.

看他的眼球。

And you think about the mass, the actual volume that is occupied by eyeballs, it's maybe as

你想想看，眼球所佔的品質、實際體積，也許就像... ...

much or more than the brain or the rest of the skull, and they're big for a reason.

比大腦或頭骨的其他部分更多或更大，他們的大是有原因的。

The bigger the eyes, the more the pupils can expand to let in light, which helps them

眼睛越大，瞳孔就越能擴大，讓光線進入，這有助於它們

see in the dark.

在黑暗中看到。

That's why you see a lot of nocturnal animals with those big eyes like the tarsier.

這就是為什麼你看到很多夜行動物都有一雙大眼睛，比如塔西爾。

We're not really going to get into the details of the tarsier but come on, we needed to

我們並不是真的要進入tarsier的細節，但來吧，我們需要。

show you what they look like.

給你看他們的樣子。

Bigger eyes also means more space between the lens,

大眼睛也意味著鏡片之間的空間更大。

the front of the eye, and the retina at the back of the eye.

眼球前方的視網膜和眼球后方的視網膜。

This distance helps the owl's eyes focus on a bigger and more sharp image on their retina,

這個距離有助於貓頭鷹的眼睛在視網膜上聚焦更大更清晰的影像。

resulting in their impressive vision.

導致他們令人印象深刻的願景。

For example, the tawny owl can see about two or three times better than us humans, but

比如說，黃褐色的貓頭鷹的視力比我們人類好兩三倍左右，但是

of course vision varies from owl to owl.

當然視力因貓頭鷹而異。

The other amazing thing about owl eyes is their shape.

貓頭鷹眼睛的另一個神奇之處在於它的形狀。

Usually when referencing eyes we talked about eyeballs.

通常在提到眼睛的時候，我們說的是眼球。

But in this case, owls have eye tubes.

但在這種情況下，貓頭鷹有眼管。

Scientists believe that as birds evolved, their center of gravity moved to the center

科學家認為，隨著鳥類的進化，它們的重心移到了中心位置

of their body to help with the balance of flying.

的身體，以幫助飛行的平衡。

So their heads had to become lighter.

所以他們的頭顱不得不變得更輕。

This is the reason owls have tubular eyes, a tubular eye takes up less space than a round

這就是貓頭鷹有管狀眼的原因，管狀眼比圓眼佔用的空間小

or globular eye, and in turn weighs less, but it doesn't lose that distance between the

或球狀眼，反倒是重量更輕，但它並沒有失去這之間的距離。

lens and the retina.

晶狀體和視網膜。

So the owl can have a lighter eye, and still maintain their amazing vision, but this tubular

所以貓頭鷹可以擁有一雙輕盈的眼睛，還能保持驚人的視力，但這種管狀的

shape also meant they lost some of their peripheral vision.

形狀也意味著他們失去了部分周邊視覺。

The opposite of those goat eyes I love so much.

和我很喜歡的那雙羊眼相反。

Owl eyes are also fixed socket eyes, held in

貓頭鷹的眼睛也是固定的臼眼，持在

place by a bone called the sclerotic ring. This along with their limited peripheral vision

被稱為硬化環的骨頭所取代。這與他們有限的周邊視覺

means that if an owl wants to see left, right, up or down,

意思是說，如果貓頭鷹想看左、右、上、下。

they have to physically move their head.

他們必須身體移動他們的頭。

Luckily, they've evolved in a way to help them do that.

幸運的是，他們已經進化出一種方式來幫助他們做到這一點。

Now you may have heard the fact that owls can turn their heads 270 degrees, which might

你可能聽說過貓頭鷹能把頭轉270度的事實，這可能是...

be true, but this fun fact might be a little deceptive.

是真的，但這個有趣的事實可能有點欺騙性。

First off, if I told you I could rotate my head 180 degrees, would you believe me.

首先，如果我告訴你，我的頭可以旋轉180度，你會相信嗎？

Well, let me show you.

好吧，讓我給你看看。

See, this 270 degree fact isn't telling you the starting point, which makes it a little

你看，這個270度的事實並沒有告訴你的出發點，這就有些

misleading.

誤導性。

Now what owls can definitely do is see behind them, and even further if

現在貓頭鷹絕對可以做到的是看清身後的情況，如果能看清身後的情況，甚至可以看得更遠

they need and turn completely upside down.

他們需要並完全顛倒過來。

This is all due to a few things.

這都是由於幾個方面的原因。

First, most owls have 14 neck vertebrae.

首先，大多數貓頭鷹有14個頸椎。

Humans have just seven.

人類只有七個。

This gives them that amazing flexibility, but their flexibility is also thanks to the

這讓他們有了驚人的靈活性，但他們的靈活性也得益於。

joint between their neck and their head called the atlanto-occipital articulation joint.

他們的頸部和頭部之間的關節稱為寰枕關節。

Now as humans have two of these joints that are connected to our skull, giving us limited

現在，作為人類有兩個這樣的關節，連接到我們的頭骨，給我們有限的

range, but owls only have one, giving them the ability to pivot around, kind of like

範圍，但貓頭鷹只有一個，讓它們有能力轉來轉去，有點像一個人的範圍，但貓頭鷹只有一個，讓它們有能力轉來轉去，有點像一個人的範圍。

a robot.

一個機器人。

These two adaptations help make up for the fact that they can't move their eyes.

這兩個適應性有助於彌補他們眼睛不能移動的事實。

So taking in all this information about their eyes, their skulls, their necks, not to mention

是以，在所有這些資訊 他們的眼睛，他們的頭骨，他們的脖子，更不用說

the things we didn't get into like their ears, feathers, beaks, wings, talons, you can start

我們沒有涉及到的東西，如他們的耳朵，羽毛，喙，翅膀，爪子，你可以開始。

to get a picture of why these birds are such elite hunters, but that doesn't mean they're

來了解為什麼這些鳥兒是這樣的精英獵手，但這並不意味著它們是... ...

immune to the troubles affecting so many animals out there.

免受影響到許多動物的麻煩。

Look at my little patient today.

看看我今天的小病人。

This is a screech owl.

這是一隻貓頭鷹

Pretty cool, huh?

很酷吧？

From a conservation standpoint my experience when working with owls has mostly been with

從保護的角度來看，我與貓頭鷹合作的經驗主要是與以下方面合作

wildlife rescues, and these are animals that were maybe orphaned or they were injured.

野生動物的救援，這些動物 也許是孤兒或他們受傷。

And so they need some medical help to potentially and hopefully get them back into the wild.

所以他們需要一些醫療幫助，以潛在的，希望讓他們回到野外。

Luckily, around the world are amazing organizations studying owls rescuing owls and helping preserve

幸運的是，世界各地都有研究貓頭鷹的了不起的組織，拯救貓頭鷹，幫助保護。

not only new generations, but the environments where they live.

不僅是新生代，而且是他們生活的環境。

Because look owls not only have an important place in the ecosystem.

因為看貓頭鷹不僅在生態系統中佔有重要地位。

They can also greatly benefit us.

它們也能讓我們受益匪淺。

Farmers harness the power of owls' amazing eyes to help naturally

農民們利用貓頭鷹驚人的眼睛的力量來幫助自然

control rodent populations that could harm crops.

控制可能危害農作物的鼠類數量；

And on top of all that, they're amazing to see in the wild.

最重要的是，它們在野外的表現令人驚歎。

So let's all work together to make sure they're here for a long time.

所以，讓我們一起努力，確保他們在這裡長久地存在下去。

Thank you so much for watching our new Seeker series Tusks to Tails.

非常感謝您收看我們新推出的《探尋者》系列《尖牙變尾巴》。

I'm Dr. Evan Antin and and if there's an animal you'd like us to feature, leave it in the

我是埃文-安廷博士，如果你想讓我們報道什麼動物，請把它留在郵箱裡。

comments.

評論：

We'll see you next time.

我們下次再見。