you may be surprised that people don't speak the same

你可能會驚訝於人們不說同樣的話。

as the recordings in your English language textbook

如同您的英語課本中的錄音

English - like every other language – exhibits variation

英語--就像所有其他語言一樣--表現出不同的變化

People speak with different accents

人們說話的口音不同

If you're aware of how people speak differently

如果你意識到人們說話的方式是不同的

you'll find it easier to understand a wider range of native English speakers

你會發現它更容易理解更廣泛的英語為母語的人。

To help, I've made a 3-part video series

為了幫助大家，我做了一個3部分的視頻系列。

exploring the phonetic diversity across the UK's four nations

探討英國四個國家的語音多樣性。

England

英國

Wales

威爾士

Scotland

蘇格蘭

and Northern Ireland

北愛爾蘭

This video is about consonants

這個視頻是關於輔音的

the next will be on vowels

接下來將是元音

and the final video

和最後的視頻

will focus on sounds characteristic of certain accents

將專注於某些口音的聲音特徵

Let's get started by focusing on 5 consonant features

我們先來關注一下5個輔音的特點吧

that distinguish UK accents

辨別英國口音

Rhoticity deals with /r/ sounds

Rhoticity處理/r/聲音

Rhotic speakers will always pronounce the letter "r" as /r/

羅氏語系的人總是把字母 "r "念成/r/。

For example

比如說

Here, there are four /r/ sounds

這裡，有四個/r/的聲音

Non-rhotic speakers only pronounce the letter "r" as /r/

非霍亂語者只將字母 "r "讀成/r/。

when there is a vowel sound afterwards

後置元音時

For example:

例如：

Here, there are no /r/ sounds in the second word

在這裡，第二個詞中沒有/r/的音。

We find rhotic speakers

我們發現羅生門發言人

(those who always pronounce the "r")

(那些總是念 "r "的人)

in Scotland

在蘇格蘭

Northern Ireland

北愛爾蘭

and South West England

和英格蘭西南部

I was born in the southern part of England

我出生在英國南部

and you'll hear that my accent is non-rhotic

你會聽到我的口音是無聲的。

I only pronounce the letter "r"

我只念 "r "字

if there's a vowel afterwards

後置元音

Most speakers in England

英國的大多數發言者

and Wales

和威爾士

are non-rhotic

非無規

This is a map produced by the University of Cambridge in 2016

這是劍橋大學在2016年製作的地圖。

Orange marks areas where there are more rhotic speakers

橙色標誌著有較多羅生門發言者的區域。

Green where there are more non-rhotic speakers

綠色，其中有更多的非流言蜚語者

And yellow where there is roughly an equal mix of both

而黃色的地方，兩者的混合度大致相同。

It's true that we find rhotic speakers in Scotland

蘇格蘭確實有講羅生門語的人。

but we also find non-rhotic speakers there too

但我們也發現非羅生門發言者也在那裡。

Linguists have documented non-rhotic speakers in Scotland

語言學家已經記錄了蘇格蘭的非羅生門語者

since the1970s

七十年代以來

In south west England,

在英格蘭西南部。

the situation has changed significantly in recent times

近況大變

When a survey was conducted in the 1950s,

上世紀50年代進行調查時。

this area was strongly rhotic

該地區具有強烈的流變性

but nowadays there are far fewer rhotic speakers here

但現在這裡講羅生門的人少多了

If you're travelling within the UK,

如果你在英國境內旅行。

then expect to hear both rhotic and non-rhotic speech

那就有望同時聽到羅音和非羅音的聲音了

You may have heard of Received Pronunciation – or RP

你可能聽說過 "Received Pronunciation"--或RP。

Different people have different definitions of what RP refers to

不同的人對RP指的是什麼有不同的定義

but for many it describes an old-fashioned English accent

但對很多人來說，它描述的是一種老式的英語口音。

In this video series I'm going to refer to the modern successor of RP

在這個系列視頻中，我將提到RP的現代繼承者。

called Standard Southern British English

南英英語

or SSBE

或SSBE

I'm speaking in this accent now

我現在說的就是這個口音

and you'll find lots of people with this accent

你會發現很多人都有這種口音。

throughout the south of England

遍佈英格蘭南部

SSBE is a non-rhotic accent

SSBE是一種非rhotic口音。

In some accents, the [h] sound

在某些口音中，[h]的音是

is always pronounced at the start of sentences

在句子的開頭總是讀作""。

or stressed syllables

或重音節

like "hair", "hear", "behind"

如 "發"、"聽"、"背"

In other accents, this sound is dropped

在其他口音中，這個音會被去掉

"air", "ear", "be-ind"

"air"、"ear"、"be-ind"

This is known as H-Dropping

這就是所謂的H-Dropping

The H sound is pronounced

H音的發音是

by speakers of SSBE

由SSBE的發言者提供

and people in Scotland and Northern Ireland

蘇格蘭和北愛爾蘭的人民

But many speakers in England and Wales

但在英格蘭和威爾士，許多發言者

drop this H sound

掉這個H音

H-droppers may not be consistent in their H-dropping

滴滴司機的H滴滴可能不一致。

For example, somebody may pronounce a word with H

例如，有人可能會把一個單詞的發音讀成 H

and later pronounce the same word without the H

而後將同一單詞讀成不含H的音。

For these speakers,

對於這些發言者：

the H is variable

庚辰

If you're in England or Wales

如果您在英格蘭或威爾士

then expect to hear words pronounced

然後就會聽到

with and without H

有無H

A glottal stop is made

喉頭停頓是由

when the vocal folds inside the larynx (or voice box)

喉頭內的聲帶

firmly come together for a short period of time

摶扶搖而上

It sounds like an abrupt pause

聽起來像一個突然的停頓

For example,

例如：

if I replace the [t] sound in "better"

如果我把[t]音換成 "更好的"。

with a glottal stop

喉音

it becomes "be[ʔ]er", "be[ʔ]er"

變成 "be[ʔ]er"，"be[ʔ]er"

Glottal stops are often used

喉頭停頓經常被使用

to replace a [t] sound at the end of a word

替換詞尾的[t]音。

in many accents across England,

在英國的許多口音中。

Wales

威爾士

and Scotland

和蘇格蘭

Even members of the royal family

即使是皇室成員

use glottal stops

喉音

Glottal stops are also used to replace a [t] sound between vowels

喉停也用於替換元音之間的[t]音。

It's perceived negatively by some people,

這被一些人認為是負面的。

but it's normal for many in England, Wales and Scotland

但對英格蘭、威爾士和蘇格蘭的許多人來說，這很正常。

If you're in England, Wales or Scotland

如果您在英格蘭、威爾士或蘇格蘭。

you might hear a [t] sound

你可能會聽到[嘀]的一聲

being replaced by a glottal stop

喉塞

There are two TH sounds in English

英語中有兩個TH音

They're made with the tongue touching the teeth

他們是用舌頭接觸牙齒做的。

Linguists call them "dental fricatives"

語言學家稱之為 "牙擦音"

More and more speakers around the UK

英國各地越來越多的演講者

pronounce these TH sounds

發這些TH音

as an F or V instead

為F或V

These sounds are made with the lower lip touching the upper teeth

這些聲音是用下脣接觸上牙發出的。

At the start of a word,

在一個詞的開頭。

[ð] is sometimes replaced by [d]

[ð]有時用[d]代替。

particularly by some speakers in London

特別是倫敦的一些發言者

Most speakers in the UK

英國的大多數發言者

do not pronounce a [g] sound

不發[g]音

in words ending NG

吳

like "sing" and "song"

如 "唱"、"歌"

There's still no [g] if a suffix is added

如果加上後綴，仍然沒有[g]。

"singer", "songs", "singing"

"歌手"、"歌曲"、"歌唱"

But in the Midlands and the North of England,

但在英格蘭中部和北部地區。

some speakers will pronounce a [g]

有些人的發音是[g]。

For example

比如說

Speakers in different parts of the UK

英國不同地區的演講者

use different consonant features

異曲同工

There is nothing wrong or right about this

這沒有錯，也沒有對

it's just part of normal variation within the language

語焉不詳

If you're aware of this phonetic diversity,

如果你意識到這種語音的多樣性。

you'll find it easier to understand native speakers

你會發現它更容易理解母語人士的意思。

Expect to hear:

期待聽到。

The next time you listen to a native speaker from the UK,

下次聽英國本土人說話的時候。

see if you can identify some of the features listed in this video

看看你是否能識別出這段視頻中列出的一些特徵。

If you're a non-native English speaker

如果你不是英語母語者

and you want to improve your English pronunciation skills,

而你想提高自己的英語發音能力。

then sign up for my online course

然後報名參加我的在線課程

It's tailored to your native language,

這是為您的母語量身定做的。

prioritises sounds that improve your intelligibility

優先處理能提高您的理解力的聲音

and uses SSBE as its model

並以SSBE為模型

Click the link to find out more

點擊鏈接瞭解更多

Make sure you subscribe and click the notification bell

請確保您訂閱並點擊通知鈴

so you know when I release my next video

所以你知道當我發佈我的下一個視頻