Stay safe online for free for 30 days at dash line dot com slash r l l.

在dash line dot com slash r l l免費在線30天，保持安全。

The borders of countries on the map are, well, complicated.

地圖上各國的邊界，很複雜。

I've already made three videos about the world's strangest borders, but these borders are all clearly visible on maps because, well, there on land.

我已經做了三個關於世界上最奇怪的邊界的視頻，但這些邊界在地圖上都清晰可見，因為，在陸地上。

Today, though, we're talking about the system of international borders on the water, and they're actually even more wild than the ones on land are you see on the land.

不過今天我們說的是水上的國際邊界體系，它們其實比陸地上的國際邊界更加狂野，是你在陸地上看到的。

There's usually ways to clearly Marco borders belonging to your country, city or civilization.

通常有辦法明確馬可邊界屬於你的國家、城市或文明。

Rivers, mountains, lakes and peninsulas all make clean and orderly borders.

河流、山川、湖泊、半島都是乾淨有序的邊界。

But the ocean, on the other hand, is just an empty, flat wasteland with nothing to really distinguish one area from another at the surface.

但另一方面，海洋只是一片空曠平坦的荒地，在海面上沒有任何東西可以真正區分一個區域和另一個區域。

And therefore, different people have different ideas about what part of the ocean belongs to them.

是以，不同的人對海洋的哪一部分屬於自己有不同的想法。

The most agreed upon system for Territorial rights of the ocean, was established back in 1982 by the United Nations Convention on the Law of the Sea.

早在1982年，《聯合國海洋法公約》就確立了最商定的海洋領土權制度。

This gave every country in the world for the coastline, a zone of ocean territory called an exclusive economic zone, or e easy for short.

這就給了世界上每一個國家的海岸線，一個叫做專屬經濟區的海洋領土區域，簡稱e易。

Every country's E easy stretches out to 200 nautical miles away from their coastline, and each country has certain exclusive and economic rights within their zones.

每個國家的E易都會延伸到距離其海岸線200海里的地方，每個國家在其區域內都有一定的專屬權和經濟權。

Toe harvest resource is like fish, oil or gas.

採集資源就像魚、石油或天然氣。

This is a map of every country's e easy in the world, and there's a lot of pretty weird things to digest here.

這是一張世界各國的e易地圖，這裡有很多很奇怪的東西需要消化。

First of all, the parts of the ocean outside of any easy are considered international waters.

首先，任何容易之外的海洋部分都被視為國際水域。

They don't belong to any country's legal jurisdiction, and laws are generally enforced by local street justice.

他們不屬於任何國家的法律管轄範圍，法律一般由當地的街道司法所執行。

Ships sailing in international waters are bound by the laws of the country's flag that they fly.

在國際水域航行的船舶受其懸掛的國家旗幟的法律約束。

If any and ships involved in piracy out here could get dished out justice by literally anybody who happens to pass them by, however, the easies themselves have some pretty quirky borders.

如果有任何和船隻在這裡參與海盜活動，可以被任何碰巧經過他們的人從字面意思上判處死刑，然而，easies本身就有一些很奇特的邊界。

The United Kingdom, for example, continues to maintain an extensive maritime empire that's invisible on most maps.

例如，英國繼續保持著一個廣泛的海洋帝國，在大多數地圖上是看不到的。

Britannia still rules a decent chunk of waves in the Atlantic without posts in the Pacific and Indian oceans, owing to her few remaining island colonies.

大不列顛由於其僅存的幾個島嶼殖民地，仍然統治著大西洋的一大塊波濤，而沒有太平洋和印度洋的哨所。

But since the law for E Eazy E's stretches out to 200 nautical miles away from the coast.

但由於E懶E的法度延伸到離海岸200海里的地方。

The UK maritime empire is still alive and well, but not so alive and well as the empire that France continues to possess.

英國的海洋帝國還在，但沒有法國繼續擁有的帝國那麼有活力。

In a juicy historical irony, France possesses the most extensive maritime empire in the world today and controls the world's largest e easy, with huge blobs in the Pacific, pretty big blobs in the Indian Ocean and outposts in the Atlantic.

在一個多汁的歷史諷刺中，法國擁有當今世界上最龐大的海洋帝國，控制著世界上最大的e易，在太平洋上有巨大的膨脹物，在印度洋上有漂亮的大膨脹物，在大西洋上有前哨。

Francis extensive overseas islands and territories ensure this and the French E.

弗朗西斯廣泛的海外島嶼和領土確保了這一點和法國E。

E Z is so large and overall territory that it's even larger than the entire country of Canada when it's all combined.

e z的面積和整體領土非常大，如果全部加起來，甚至比整個加拿大國家還要大。

In fact, 8% of all the easy territory in the world is under French administration, despite only 0.45% of Earth's land territory being under French control.

事實上，世界上8%的易地都在法國的管理之下，儘管只有0.45%的地球陸地領土在法國的控制之下。

That pesky 200 nautical mile limit from a coastline, though, has set up some pretty weird situations elsewhere, though, particularly in Russia.

不過，這討厭的200海里的海岸線限制，雖然在其他地方設置了一些很奇怪的情況，特別是在俄羅斯。

Here in the Sea of Okhotsk, the entire C is surrounded by Russian territory on all sides, so most of it does fall within the 200 nautical mile range of the Russian E easy except for this little hole in the middle here that's just out of that range from any direction.

在鄂霍次克海這裡，整個C區四面都被俄羅斯的領土包圍著，所以除了這裡中間的這個小洞從任何方向看都不在這個範圍內外，大部分地方確實屬於俄羅斯E易的200海里範圍。

This little hole is called the peanut hole, and technically it would fall under the classifications of international waters, which has plagued Russia with problems.

這個小洞叫花生洞，從技術上講，它應該屬於國際水域的分類，這一點一直困擾著俄羅斯。

This legal technicality was apparently discovered by other countries in the 19 nineties who realized that they could just show up there and legally plunder everything without any consequences.

這種法律上的技術性問題顯然是在1990年代被其他國家發現的，他們意識到他們可以直接出現在那裡，合法地掠奪一切，而不會有任何後果。

A fleet of 39 Polish super trollers sailed around the world just to raid the area for fish and not wanting to miss out on an opportunity for free loot.

一支由39名波蘭超級釣手組成的船隊駛向世界各地，只為搜刮魚群，不想錯過了一次免費的戰利品機會。

The entire Chinese commercial fishing fleet soon came barging in as well.

很快，整個中國商漁船隊也闖了進來。

The peanut hole was eventually full of hundreds of fishing ships that weren't at all Russian.

花生洞裡最終停滿了上百艘根本不是俄羅斯人的漁船。

It was full of Polish, Chinese, Korean, Japanese, Bulgarian, Ukrainian and even Panamanian fishing fleets, and all of the business was severely depleting fish in the entire sea.

這裡到處都是波蘭人、中國人、韓國人、日本人、保加利亞人、烏克蘭人甚至巴拿馬人的捕魚船隊，所有的生意都嚴重消耗了整個海域的魚類。

Fish obviously swim wherever they want in and out of different parts of the ocean, and the non Russian fleets didn't really care about how many fish they caught because it was only depleting the Russian see and not their own nearby water.

魚兒顯然是想游到哪裡就游到哪裡，進出不同的海域，非俄羅斯的船隊並不關心他們捕到了多少魚，因為這只是在消耗俄羅斯人的見識，而不是自己附近的水域。

Understandably, Russia was pretty pissed off about the entire situation and petition the U.

可以理解的是，俄羅斯對整個局勢相當生氣，並向美國請願。

N for a loophole in the easy law.

N為易法的漏洞。

You see, a country can extend their easy beyond that 200 nautical mile limit if they can legally proved that the area was an extension of their continental shelf or the part of a continent that's underwater.

你看，一個國家可以把他們的易地範圍擴大到200海里的限制之外，如果他們能合法地證明這個區域是他們大陸架的延伸，或者是大陸的水下部分。

Russia managed to successfully get the U.

俄羅斯成功地讓美國。

N to recognize the peanut whole as being a part of their continental shelf.

N以承認花生整體是其大陸架的一部分。

And in March 2014, the Russian E.

而在2014年3月，俄羅斯E。

E Z was legally extended to cover it, and the age of foreign fishing rating parties came to an end.

E Z被合法地擴展到覆蓋，外國的捕魚評級黨的年齡結束了。

But that's not the only part of the system that people have ever disagreed on.

但這並不是制度中唯一讓人們產生過分歧的部分。

China has a well, rather optimistic view of their own easy.

中國對自己的易有一個好的、相當樂觀的看法。

This is the technical legal e easy that China was ascribed under U.

這是中國根據U的技術法律e易，中國被歸入。

N.

N.

Law, but this is the easy.

法，但這是易。

The China asserts that it actually has for clarification.

奇納宣稱，它實際上已為澄清。

Both the People's Republic of China and the Republic of China on the island of Taiwan claim the exact same optimistic e easy orders.

中華人民共和國和臺灣島上的中華民國都聲稱完全一樣的樂觀主義的e易令。

So because of this, both China and Taiwan run into a direct border conflict with Japan over the Senkaku islands.

所以，正因為如此，中國和臺灣都會因為尖閣諸島與日本發生直接的邊界衝突。

There claimed e Eazy e's all intersect over the islands which are uninhabited and they all three claim ownership over them anyway.

有宣稱e懶e的都在無人居住的島嶼上交匯，反正他們三個都宣稱對這些島嶼擁有所有權。

Japan claims that they discovered the islands like they are now uninhabited in the 19th century and claimed them under international law, whereas both China and Taiwan assert the islands as an imperial age Japanese conquest that has never been properly returned to them.

日本宣稱他們在19世紀發現了這些島嶼，就像現在無人居住一樣，並根據國際法對這些島嶼提出了要求，而中國和臺灣都宣稱這些島嶼是日本帝國時代的征服，從未妥善歸還。

But this conflict is pretty straightforward and simple when compared to the train wreck of the South China Sea.

但與南海的火車事故相比，這場衝突就顯得相當簡單明瞭了。

Six countries all have wildly competing claims here that are literally at odds with everybody else.

六個國家在這裡都有狂熱的競爭訴求，簡直和大家不相上下。

This is the claimed E Easy of Brunei, which seems fairly reasonable and here is the claimed the Easy of Malaysia, which also seems pretty moderate.

這是文萊號稱的E逍遙，似乎還算合理，這裡是馬來西亞號稱的逍遙，似乎也很適中。

But it does conflict with Brunei.

但它與文萊確實有衝突。

But here is the claimed E Easy of the Philippines, which conflicts with both Brunei and Malaysia.

但這裡宣稱的是菲律賓的E易，與文萊和馬來西亞都有衝突。

And here is the claim the easy of Vietnam, which conflicts with Brunei, Malaysia and the Philippines.

而這裡是聲稱越南的易，與文萊、馬來西亞和菲律賓有衝突。

But the most ambitious by far are the claimed E Eazy e's in the area of both the People's Republic of China and Taiwan which are identical and massively conflict with everybody.

但到目前為止，最雄心勃勃的是中華人民共和國和臺灣地區的宣稱的E懶e，這兩個地區的E懶e是相同的，並與大家發生大規模的衝突。

At the center of these territorial border claims are the Spratly Islands, which all six countries lay claim to at least a part of China.

這些領土邊界要求的中心是南沙群島，六國都對南沙群島提出要求，至少是中國的一部分。

Taiwan, Vietnam, Malaysia and the Philippines have all set up military bases and personnel on the islands to enforce their claims, and threats of war have been made in the past.

臺灣、越南、馬來西亞和菲律賓都在這些島嶼上建立了軍事基地和人員，以執行它們的主張，過去也曾發出過戰爭威脅。

China has even resulted to constructing artificial islands, complete with air bases in the area, to further project their own claims.

中國甚至在該地區建造人工島嶼，並配備空軍基地，以進一步提出自己的主張。

But why does everybody here care so much about a bunch of tiny rocky islands?

但是，為什麼這裡的每個人都這麼關心一群小石島呢？

First, the economic answer.

首先，經濟上的答案。

The sea is not only an extremely rich fishing area, but it's also likely home to extensive, undiscovered crude oil and natural gas reserves that can only be legally exploited by a country if they're e easy stretches out to cover it.

海域不僅是一個極其豐富的漁場，而且很可能蘊藏著廣泛的、未被發現的原油和天然氣儲量，只有當這些儲量e易綿延覆蓋時，一個國家才能合法開採。

Therefore, everybody that borders it wants a piece of the Spratlys so that they're easy can cover more potential resource is there, and the second answer is geopolitical.

是以，每個與它接壤的人都想在南沙群島上分一杯羹，這樣他們容易可以覆蓋更多的潛在資源是有的，第二個答案是地緣政治。

The South China Sea is one of the most important shipping routes in the entire world.

南海是整個世界最重要的航道之一。

One thing, third of all global maritime trade passes through the sea.

有一點，全球三分之一的海上貿易都是通過海上進行的。

Every single year, 39.5% of all of China's imports passes through the CIA's well, which includes an overwhelming 80% of all of China's energy imports.

每一年，中國39.5%的進口商品都要經過中情局的井噴，其中包括中國80%的能源進口商品。

If China lost sovereignty and control over the area, the flow of trade into her ports could become severely compromised.

如果中國失去了對該地區的主權和控制權，進入中國港口的貿易流就會受到嚴重影響。

Trade ships sailing from South Asia, Africa and Europe would have to take a much longer and much more expensive route to get into China, and China's economy would inevitably suffer.

從南亞、非洲和歐洲航行的貿易船隻要想進入中國，就必須走更長的時間和更昂貴的路線，中國的經濟也將不可避免地受到影響。

Therefore, it is an imperative Chinese foreign policy goal to secure the area and make sure that the spice continues to flow.

是以，確保該地區的安全，確保香料的持續流動，是中國外交政策的當務之急目標。

Since Taiwan also claims to be the sole government of China, they make the exact same foreign policy claims is, the mainland does so.

由於臺灣也聲稱是中國唯一的政府，他們提出的外交政策主張是完全一樣的，大陸也是如此。

They're easy claims directly overlap with one another, so borders are complicated.

他們的訴求很容易直接重疊，所以邊界很複雜。

And while they're supposed to be defensive in nature, maritime borders are difficult to enforce.

而海上邊界應該是防禦性的，但海上邊界卻很難執行。

And we're still if you have a hole in your borders like Russia did than everybody who knows about it can just show up and steal all of your stuff.

我們還是... ...如果你的邊境有一個洞，就像俄羅斯一樣... ...那麼每個人都可以知道它，並偷走你所有的東西。

It was basically a hole in their security system, and unfortunately for them they couldn't just solve it by slapping a password over to block out intruders.

這基本上是他們安全系統的一個漏洞，可惜他們不能只靠貼一個密碼過來阻擋入侵者來解決。

Fortunately for you and your security defense, though, passwords generally work just fine and stopping raiding parties.

不過幸運的是，對你和你的安全防禦來說，密碼一般都能正常使用，並阻止突襲方。

But they can be pretty difficult to remember.

但它們可能相當難記。

You need to make sure that you're using safe, complex passwords that look like this rather than simple and easy to guess ones like this one.

你需要確保你使用的是安全、複雜的密碼，像這樣的密碼，而不是像這樣簡單易猜的密碼。

But you need different ones for different websites, and that makes them all hard to remember.

但是不同的網站需要不同的，這樣就很難記住了。

And that's why you should use Dash Lane as your password manager, as it will generate and keep all of these super secure passwords unique to each of your accounts behind a single, very super secure passwords that you have to remember and then auto fills them when you goto log in.

這就是為什麼你應該使用Dash Lane作為你的密碼管理器的原因，因為它將生成並保存所有這些超級安全的密碼，這些密碼對你的每個賬戶來說都是獨一無二的，你必須記住這些超級安全的密碼，然後在你登錄時自動填寫。

This will definitely beef up your online security and then dash line.

這肯定會加強你的在線安全，然後瀟灑行。

Premium also includes a bunch of other tools to keep you even more safe online, like a VPN, reach alerts, secure file storage and much more.

高級版還包括一堆其他工具，讓你更安全的在線，如VPN，達到警報，安全文件存儲和更多。

Best of all, though, is that all of that is for a very low monthly price, less than most standalone VPNs, and it could be free for 30 days if you sign up by clicking the link in the description or by going to dash line dot com slash r l l.

最重要的是，雖然，所有這些都是一個非常低的月價，比大多數獨立的VPN少，它可能是免費的30天，如果你註冊通過點擊描述中的鏈接或通過去dash line點com斜線r l l。

After that trial period lapses, you can then use the coupon code R L l to get 10% off when upgrading to premium and, as always, thank you for watching.

試用期過後，你就可以使用優惠券代碼R L l升級到高級版時享受9折優惠，一如既往地感謝你的觀看。