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  • MICHAEL: Hi, I'm Michael from ETS.

    嗨,我是ETS的邁克爾。嗨,我是ETS的邁克爾。

  • Today on Inside the TOEFL Test,

    今天的《托福考試內參》。

  • we're going inside the TOEFL iBT Listening section.

    我們要進入托福iBT聽力部分。

  • Specifically, the inference questions.

    具體來說,推理題。

  • Inference questions ask the listener

    推斷問題問聽眾

  • to show an understanding of the meaning of something

    悟性

  • when it is not directly stated in the lecture or conversation.

    當講課或談話中沒有直接說出來時。

  • You can recognize inference questions

    你可以認識推理題

  • because they use phrases like

    因為他們使用的短語是

  • "What are the implications of ...?",

    "......的影響是什麼?"。

  • "What does the professor imply...?"

    "教授的意思是......?"

  • or "What can be inferred...?"

    或 "可以推斷出什麼......?"

  • Let's look at a sample question from a literature lecture about

    我們來看一個文學講座的例題,關於

  • detective novels, including a famous one called The Moonstone.

    偵探小說,包括一部著名的《月光石》。

  • First, here is an excerpt from the lecture:

    首先,以下是講座的節選。

  • PROFESSOR: Um, so in The Moonstone, as I said,

    教授:嗯,所以在《月光石》中,正如我所說。

  • uh, Collins did much to establish the conventions

    呃,柯林斯做了很多建立慣例

  • of the detective genre.

    偵探類型的。

  • Uh, I'm not gonna go into the plot at length,

    呃,我不打算長篇大論地說說劇情。

  • but, you know, the basic setup is ...

    但是,你知道,基本的設置是... ...

  • um, there's this diamond of great uh ..

    嗯,有這個鑽石的偉大呃... ...

  • of great value, uh, a country house,

    價值不菲的,呃,一棟鄉村別墅。

  • uh, the diamond mysteriously disappears

    呃,鑽石神祕地消失了

  • in the middle of the night,

    在半夜裡。

  • um, the local police are brought in,

    嗯,當地的警察被帶到了。

  • in an attempt to solve the crime,

    以期破案。

  • and they mess it up completely, uh,

    他們搞砸了完全,呃,

  • and then the true hero of the book arrives.

    然後書中真正的英雄就來了。

  • That's Sergeant Cuff.

    那是Cuff中士.

  • Now, Cuff, this extraordinarily important character um ...

    現在,卡夫,這個特別重要的人物... ...

  • well, let me try to give you a sense of who Sergeant Cuff is,

    好吧,讓我試著給你一個感覺 誰是Cuff中士。

  • by first describing the regular police.

    首先介紹一下正規警察。

  • And uh this is the dynamic that you're going to see

    呃,這是動態的,你會看到

  • throughout the history of the detective novel,

    在偵探小說的歷史上,。

  • um, where you have the regular cops-who are well-meaning,

    嗯,你有正規的警察,誰是善意的。

  • but officious and bumblingly inept-and uh they are countered

    但是,惡意的和笨拙的無能,呃,他們是反擊的

  • by a figure who's eccentric, analytical, brilliant, and ...

    由一個古怪的、分析性的、聰明的、... ...

  • and able to solve the crime.

    並能破案。

  • So, uh first the regular police get called in

    所以,呃,首先正規的警察被叫來了

  • to solve the mystery-

    解開謎團

  • Um, in this case, detective, uh, Superintendent Seegrave.

    嗯,在這種情況下,偵探,呃, 警司Seegrave。

  • When Superintendent Seegrave comes in,

    當Seegrave警司進來的時候。

  • uh he orders his minions around, uh they bumble,

    呃,他命令他的部下, 呃,他們跌跌撞撞。

  • and they actually make a mess of the investigation,

    而他們居然把調查搞得一團糟。

  • uh which you'll see repeated-

    呃,你會看到重複

  • um, you'll see this pattern repeated,

    嗯,你會看到這種模式重複。

  • particularly in the Sherlock Holmes stories

    尤其是在福爾摩斯的故事中

  • of a few years later where, uh, Inspector Lestrade,

    幾年後 Lestrade探長在那裡

  • this well-meaning idiot, is always countered, uh,

    這個善意的白痴,總是被反駁,呃,

  • by Sherlock Holmes, who's a genius.

    夏洛克-福爾摩斯,他是個天才。

  • MICHAEL: Now, let's look at the question.

    現在,讓我們看看這個問題。現在,讓我們來看看這個問題。

  • NARRATOR: What does the professor imply

    旁白:教授的意思是什麼?

  • when he says this:

    當他說這句話的時候。

  • PROFESSOR: Well, let me try to give you a sense of

    教授:好吧,讓我試著給你一個感覺吧。

  • who Sergeant Cuff is, by first describing the regular police.

    袖口警長是誰,先介紹一下正規警察。

  • MICHAEL: We can see that this is an inference question

    我們可以看出這是一個推理問題。我們可以看到,這是一個推理問題

  • because it uses the word "imply" and asks the listener

    因為它使用了 "暗示 "一詞,並詢問聽眾。

  • to understand the meaning of something

    釋義

  • that is not directly stated by the professor.

    那是教授沒有直接說的。

  • When the professor says this:

    當教授說這。

  • PROFESSOR: Well, let me try to give you a sense of

    教授:好吧,讓我試著給你一個感覺吧。

  • who Sergeant Cuff is, by first describing the regular police.

    袖口警長是誰,先介紹一下正規警察。

  • MICHAEL: He is hinting that there is a difference

    MICHAEL:他在暗示有一個區別

  • between the behavior of the regular police

    在正規警察的行為之間

  • and that of Sergeant Cuff.

    和卡夫中士的名字。

  • This contrast is supported in other parts of the passage.

    這種對比在這段話的其他地方也得到了支持。

  • For example, the speaker describes the regular police

    例如,演講者描述了正規警察

  • as "bumblingly inept."

    作為 "笨拙無能"。

  • He also says it is common in detective novels for them

    他還說,在偵探小說中,他們是很常見的。

  • to be countered by a specific character,

    要用特定的字元來反駁。

  • in this case Sergeant Cuff, who is "brilliant".

    在這種情況下,卡夫中士,他是 "天才"。

  • Taken together, we can see that the best answer is A,

    綜上所述,我們可以看出,最佳答案是A。

  • Sergeant Cuff is unlike the regular police in The Moonstone.

    袖口警長不同於《月光石》中的普通警察。

  • Here's a tip for improving your listening skills:

    這裡有一個提高聽力能力的小竅門。

  • Listen to recordings of two speakers

    聽取兩位發言者的錄音

  • with different viewpoints

    眾說紛紜

  • about the same topic.

    關於同一個話題。

  • What words do the speakers use to support their ideas?

    發言者用什麼詞來支持自己的觀點?

  • Are the words mainly positive or negative?

    詞語主要是褒義詞還是貶義詞?

  • Then look at how they imply positive or negative ideas

    然後看看它們是如何暗示積極或消極的想法的

  • without saying them directly.

    不直接說出來。

  • There are lots of ways to improve your English skills.

    有很多方法可以提高你的英語能力。

  • Whatever you do, keep practicing.

    不管你做什麼,都要繼續練習。

  • And good luck on your TOEFL test.

    並祝你托福考試順利。

MICHAEL: Hi, I'm Michael from ETS.

嗨,我是ETS的邁克爾。嗨,我是ETS的邁克爾。

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