Today on Inside the TOEFL Test,

今天的《托福考試內參》。

we're going inside the TOEFL iBT Listening section.

我們要進入托福iBT聽力部分。

Specifically, the Organization questions.

具體來說，組織問題：

Organization questions ask you to show understanding

組織題要求你表示理解

of how a lecture is structured.

的講座是如何安排的。

You can recognize organization questions

你可以認識組織問題

because they often include phrases

因為它們往往包括以下短語

such as "Why does the professor mention...?"

如 "教授為什麼提到......？"

or "Why does the professor discuss...?"

或 "教授為什麼要討論......？"

These kinds of phrases show that organization questions

這類短語表明，組織問題

are often asked about the examples in a lecture,

經常會被問到講課中的例子。

so it helps to listen for examples,

所以，聽聽例子是有幫助的。

and think about why the professor is using them.

並思考教授為什麼要使用它們。

Now let's look at a sample question.

現在我們來看一道例題。

The question is from a literature lecture about

本題來自於一次文學講座，內容是

detective novels, including one titled The Moonstone.

偵探小說，包括一部名為《月光石》的。

The passage focuses on an important character

這段話集中體現了一個重要人物

from The Moonstone named Sergeant Cuff

從月光石上取名 "手銬中士

who is trying to solve a crime.

試圖破案的人。

Here is an excerpt from the lecture:

以下是講座的節選。

PROFESSOR: So, now Cuff arrives.

那麼，現在Cuff來了。

Uh, Cuff is the man who's coming to solve the mystery,

呃, Cuff是來解謎的人,

and-and again he has a lot of the characteristics that

而且，他有很多的特點，再次

future detectives throughout the history of this genre will have.

未來的偵探在這一類型的歷史上會有。

Um, He's eccentric.

嗯，他是古怪的。

Um, He has a hobby that he's obsessive about-in this ...

嗯，他有一個愛好，他的執著，這... ...

uh, in this case, it's the love of roses.

呃，在這種情況下，它的愛 玫瑰。

He's a fanatic about the breeding of roses;

他是個玫瑰花育種的狂熱者。

and here think of Nero Wolfe and his orchids,

在這裡想起了尼祿-沃爾夫和他的蘭花。

uh Sherlock Holmes and his violin,

呃，夏洛克・福爾摩斯和他的小提琴。

uh a lot of those later classic detective heroes

呃，很多那些後來的經典偵探英雄。

have this kind of outside interest that they uh ...

有這種外在的利益，他們呃...

they go to as a kind of antidote to the evil

他們去作為一種解毒劑的邪惡。

and misery they encounter in their daily lives.

和他們在日常生活中遇到的苦難。

Now, um, these detective heroes .. um..

現在，嗯，這些偵探英雄... ... 嗯... ...

they have this characteristic of being smart, incredibly smart,

他們有這樣的特點，就是聰明，聰明得不可思議。

but of not appearing to be smart.

但的不顯得聰明。

And uh most importantly,

最重要的是

from uh a kind of existential point of view,

從呃一種存在的角度來看。

these detectives see things that other people do not see.

這些偵探看到了別人看不到的東西。

And that's why the detective is such an important figure,

這也是為什麼偵探是一個如此重要的人物。

I think, in our modern imagination.

我想，在我們現代人的想象中。

Um, In the case of The Moonstone-

嗯，在 "月牙泉 "的情況下... ...

um I don't want to say too much here and spoil it for you-

嗯，我不想說太多 在這裡，破壞它為你 -

but the clue that's key to ...

但關鍵的線索是...

the solving of the crime is a smeared bit of paint

破案如麻

in a doorway.

在門口。

Um, of course, the regular police have missed this paint

嗯，當然，正規警察已經錯過了這個塗料

smear or made some sort of unwarranted assumption about it.

抹黑或做了某種無端的假設。

Cuff sees this smear of paint-um this paint,

卡夫看到了這一抹油漆--嗯，這油漆。

the place where the paint is smeared-

沾染處

and realizes that from this one smear of paint

並意識到，從這一塗鴉開始

you can actually deduce the whole situation ...

其實你可以推斷出整個情況......。

um, the whole world.

嗯，整個世界。

And-And that's what the hero in a detective novel like this ...

這就是偵探小說中的主角... ...

brings to it that the other characters don't-

帶來的，其他角色不--。

it's um it's this ability to see meaning

這是嗯，它是這種能力 看到的意義。

where others see no meaning

在別人看來毫無意義

and to bring order ... to where uh it seems there is no order.

並帶來秩序... ...在那裡，呃，似乎沒有秩序。

MICHAEL: Here's an example of an organization question:

MICHAEL: Here's an example of an organization question:這是一個組織問題的例子。

Why does the professor mention a smeared bit of paint

為什麼教授會提到有一點油漆的痕跡？

in a doorway in The Moonstone?

在《月光石》的門口？

Let's look at the answer choices one at a time.

我們來逐一看一下答案選擇。

Choice A can be ruled out

可以排除選擇A

because the professor directly states

因為教授直接說

that noticing the smeared paint is the key

察覺到油漆的汙濁是關鍵所在。

to solving the crime, not a mistake.

到破案，而不是錯誤。

For option B to be correct, there would have been a pattern

要使選項B正確，就必須有一個模式。

of discussing details from the crime scene.

討論犯罪現場的細節。

But the smeared paint is the only visual detail

但是，塗抹的油漆是唯一的視覺細節。

from the crime scene that is mentioned.

從提到的犯罪現場。

So option B is not correct.

所以B選項不正確。

Option D can be eliminated because the professor states

選項D可以排除，因為教授表示

that the police officers didn't notice the smeared paint.

警察沒有注意到這些被塗抹的油漆。

Option C is the best answer because the professor talks

選項C是最佳答案，因為教授會講

about hero detectives in mystery novels

偵探小說

and the characteristics they have in common.

以及它們的共同特點。

The professor indicates that there is a pattern

教授表示，有一個模式

when he says this:

當他說這句話的時候。

PROFESSOR: These detectives see things

這些偵探看到的東西

that other people do not see.

別人看不到的。

MICHAEL: Here's a listening tip that can help you understand

MICHAEL: Here's a listening tip that can help you understand:這裡有一個聽力提示，可以幫助你理解

how a lecture is organized: Listen for the signal words

如何組織講座。聽好信號詞

that indicate the introduction, major ideas,

表示介紹、主要觀點的。

examples and the conclusion or summary.

例子和結論或總結。

These might be sequence words like "first," "next" and "then."

這些可能是序列詞，如 "首先"、"接下來 "和 "然後"。

Or they might indicate time or a chronology,

或者它們可能表示時間或年表。

like "before," "during" or "since."

如 "之前"、"期間 "或 "以來"。

Or they could show cause and effect,

或者他們可以展示因果。

like "accordingly" or "as a result."

如 "相應 "或 "結果"。

These signal words are good cues for when to take notes.

這些信號詞很好的提示了什麼時候做筆記。

There are lots of ways to improve your English skills.

有很多方法可以提高你的英語能力。

Whatever you do, keep practicing.

不管你做什麼，都要繼續練習。

And good luck on your TOEFL test.

並祝你托福考試順利。