Today on Inside the TOEFL Test,

今天的《托福考試內參》。

we're going inside the TOEFL iBT Reading section.

我們要進入托福iBT閱讀部分的內部。

Specifically, the Sentence Simplification questions.

具體來說，就是句子簡化題。

Sentence Simplification questions

句子簡化題

ask you to identify a sentence

請你找出一句

that has essentially the same meaning

大同小異

as a sentence from the reading passage.

作為閱讀段落中的一句話。

The correct answer choice contains the main ideas

正確的答案選擇包含的主要觀點是

from the sentence in the passage

語段中的句子

but may leave out minor or unimportant details.

但可能會遺漏一些次要或不重要的細節。

It should restate the most important information

它應該重申最重要的資訊

in a simpler way.

以更簡單的方式。

Sentence Simplification questions are easy to recognize

句子簡化題容易識別

because the wording of the question

因為問題的措辭

is always exactly the same:

總是完全一樣的。

"Which of the sentences below best expresses

"下面哪句話最能表達出

the essential information in the following sentence?

下面句子中的基本資訊？

Incorrect choices change the meaning in important ways

錯誤的選擇在重要的方面改變了意義

or leave out essential information."

或遺漏基本資訊"。

The highlighted sentence will have both essential

突出顯示的句子將同時具備以下兩個基本

and non-essential information.

和非必要的資訊。

Your job is to pick the answer choice

你的任務是選擇答案

that best includes the essential information

的基本資訊

and leaves out the non-essential information.

而忽略了非必要的資訊。

Answering this type of question will require you

回答這類問題需要你

to understand the relationship

以瞭解

between the pieces of information in the sentence.

句子中的資訊片段之間。

Often, there is an important cause/effect relationship,

往往有一個重要的因果關係。

or there may be a conclusion based on some evidence.

或有可能根據一些證據得出結論。

So look for those same ideas in the answer choices.

所以在答題選擇中也要找這些思路。

Here's an example of a sentence simplification question

下面是一個句子簡化題的例子。

from a passage about meteorite impacts and dinosaur extinction.

從一個關於隕石撞擊和恐龍滅絕的段落。

This type of question can be challenging,

這種類型的問題是很有挑戰性的。

because all of the answer choices

因為所有的答案選擇

will contain words or phrases

將包含以下字詞或短語

that are similar to ones in the given sentence.

與給定句子中類似的。

For example,

例如：

3 of the answer choices talk about the explosion...

其中3個答案選擇談到了爆炸... ...

... 3 talk about fires

...3談火災

... and 3 mention the destruction of plant life

......有3個提到了對植物生命的破壞。

So, can you identify the correct answer?

那麼，你能確定正確答案嗎？

It's A, because all of the important information is aligned

是A，因為所有的重要資訊都是一致的。

with the given sentence.

與所給句子。

Both the given sentence and choice A talk about the large

給定的句子和選擇A都談到了大的

amounts of nitric acid and melted rock...

大量的硝酸和融化的岩石... ...

...that were the result of the explosion...

...是爆炸的結果... ...。

...and that started fires that destroyed plant life.

........並引發大火，摧毀植物生命。

The other responses have content

其他答覆的內容

that contradicts the highlighted sentence,

與強調的句子相矛盾的。

or just isn't there.

或只是不在那裡。

Choice B looks like a good answer at first,

選擇B一開始看起來是個不錯的答案。

because it talks about the fires spreading and burning forests...

因為它說的是火勢蔓延，燒燬森林... ...

But choice B says that it was the fires

但選擇B說是火災的原因

that released the nitric acid,

釋放出了硝酸。

which is different from the highlighted sentence,

這與強調的句子不同。

which says that the nitric acid, along with the melted rock,

其中說到硝酸，以及融化的岩石。

caused the fires.

引起了火災。

Choice C can be eliminated

選擇C可以排除

because it leaves out essential information

因為它遺漏了重要資訊

about the fires and the destruction of forests

火災和森林破壞的情況

and plant life.

和植物生命。

Finally, choice D is incorrect because again,

最後，選擇D不正確，因為又。

the cause and effect are reversed.

因果倒置。

This one says that the fires caused the explosions,

這個說的是火災引起的爆炸。

when it was really the other way around.

而實際情況恰恰相反。

One tip to build your reading skills,

一個小竅門，培養你的閱讀能力。

which will also help you answer

這也將幫助你回答

sentence simplification questions,

句子簡化題。

is to look at complex sentences or paragraphs,

是看複雜的句子或段落。

and separate the main ideas from less important information.

並將主要觀點與不太重要的資訊分開。

Non-essential information can be things like examples,

非必要的資訊可以是例子之類的東西。

or text in parentheses, or very specific information

或括號內的文字，或非常具體的資訊。

like numbers or dates.

如數字或日期。

There are lots of ways to improve your English skills.

有很多方法可以提高你的英語能力。

Whatever you do, keep practicing.

不管你做什麼，都要繼續練習。

And good luck on your TOEFL test.

並祝你托福考試順利。