Name: 第一百天重要嗎？| 美國有線電視新聞網（CNBC）解釋 (Do the first hundred days matter? | CNBC Explains)
Uploaded: 2021-01-20T19:20:31.000Z
Duration: 7 min 3 s

Ever since Franklin D Roosevelt coined the term in the 1930s, the first hundred days

自從富蘭克林-羅斯福在20世紀30年代創造了這個詞以來，第一個一百天

in office have become a yardstick to measure the accomplishments of U.S. presidents and

在任期間，已經成為衡量美國總統成就的標尺。

political leaders around the world. But how  effective is the 100-day mark in judging their success?

世界各地的政治領導人。但是，在判斷他們的成功時，100天的標誌有多大效果呢？

The first 100 days is just a tiny fraction of a four-year U.S. presidential term, but

前100天只是美國四年總統任期的一小部分，但。

the idea that a lot can be achieved in a short period originated long before President Roosevelt. "So help me God."

短時間內可以完成很多事情的想法 早在羅斯福總統之前就有了。"所以，上帝幫助我。"

Exiled French emperor Napoleon Bonaparte's escape from the island of Elba in 1815, return

to power in Paris, and subsequent defeat at the Battle of Waterloo, all in a period of

在巴黎執政，以及隨後在滑鐵盧戰役中的失敗，所有這些都是在一個時期內發生的。

under four months, is  known as 'Les cent jours'.

四個月以下，被稱為 "Les cent jours"。

However, it wasn't until the 20th century when FDR was elected president of the United

然而，直到20世紀，富蘭克林當選為美國總統後，美國才

States that the term became  a political catchphrase.

指出該詞已成為一個政治口號。

Roosevelt was elected at a time when the country faced severe challenges during the Great Depression.

羅斯福當選時，正值國家在大蕭條期間面臨嚴峻挑戰。

With unemployment at record levels, the urgent economic situation allowed FDR to achieve

在失業率達到創紀錄水準的情況下，緊急的經濟形勢讓富蘭克林實現了

a remarkable amount in the first  hundred days of his presidency.

在他擔任總統的頭一百天裡，就取得了顯著的成績。

When he took office in 1933, the banks were on the verge of failure. In less than a week,

當他在1933年上任時，銀行正處於破產的邊緣。在不到一週的時間裡。

Roosevelt convinced Congress to pass the  Emergency Banking Act that effectively stabilized the

羅斯福說服國會通過了《緊急銀行法》，有效地穩定了美國的經濟。

financial system. While the bill was prepared during the previous administration, Roosevelt

金融系統。雖然該法案是在上屆政府期間制定的，但羅斯福

managed to roll out 14 other major pieces of legislation in his first 100 days, including

在他的第一個100天裡，他成功地推出了14項其他重要的立法，包括

a series of reforms that were part of his New Deal economic program. He also coined

一系列的改革，是他的新政經濟計劃的一部分。他還創造了

the term 'fireside chat' by speaking directly to the public through radio broadcasts.

通過電臺廣播直接向公眾講話，從而實現 "爐邊談話 "的說法。

"I want to tell you what has  been done in the last few days."

"我想告訴你這幾天都做了些什麼。"

Roosevelt's leadership style, along with the extraordinary speed of reform, cemented

羅斯福的上司風格，加上改革的非凡速度，鞏固了

his popularity, setting the hundred-day benchmark by which all future presidents would be measured.

他的受歡迎程度，樹立了衡量未來所有總統的百日標杆。

In his first 100 days, Roosevelt passed 76 bills into law, 23 more than his successor

在他的頭100天裡，羅斯福通過了76項法案成為法律，比他的繼任者多了23項。

Harry Truman. Since then, no president has succeeded in passing more than 30, the closest

哈里-杜魯門。從那時起，沒有任何一位總統成功地通過了30多個，最接近的是

being Donald Trump, who was responsible for 28 acts.

被唐納德-特朗普，他對28項行為負有責任。

In addition to his legislative success, FDR issued 99 executive orders, a vast number

除了立法上的成功，富蘭克林還發布了99項行政命令，大量的

As impressive as FDR's achievements were, political historians argue that the unique

儘管富蘭克林的成就令人印象深刻，但政治史學家認為，獨特的。

circumstances of the Great Depression made the speed and scale of his impact possible.

大蕭條的環境使他的影響速度和規模成為可能。

The sense of urgency created by the country's economic freefall muted most political opposition.

國家經濟自由落體所產生的緊迫感使大多數政治反對派噤若寒蟬。

More recent presidents faced an increasingly partisan political landscape and a congress

更多的近代總統面臨著越來越多的黨派政治格局和國會。

with stronger subcommittees, which added a new layer of decision-making to the legislative

有更強大的小組委員會，這為立法機構增加了一層新的決策權。

process. Even though American politics has seen significant changes since the Great Depression,

進程。儘管美國政治自大蕭條以來發生了重大變化。

political analysts argue that the first hundred days is still a 'presidential honeymoon'

政治分析人士認為，前一百天仍是 "總統蜜月"。

during which they  wield extra influence.

在這期間，他們發揮了額外的影響力。

According to data from the second half of the 20th century, U.S. presidents fared better

根據20世紀下半葉的數據，美國總統的表現較好

with congress earlier rather than later in their inaugural year. With the exception of

在其就職年的早些時候而不是晚些時候與國會合作。除了

Lyndon Johnson and George H. W. Bush, bills that were supported by presidents passed more

林登-約翰遜和喬治-W-布什，得到總統支持的法案通過了更多。

often than those considered  later in their tenure.

The percentage of votes from congress in favor of the president's position on bills, motions

國會在法案、議案中支持總統立場的票數比例。

and amendments during that time were on  average significantly higher in the first hundred

和期間的修正案，在前一百年的平均水平顯著提高。

One reason for this, according to political analysts, is that U.S. presidents tend to

政治分析人士認為，其中一個原因是，美國總統傾向於。

be strategic in their support for bills likely to pass congress, partly accounting for the

在支持有可能通過國會的法案方面具有戰略性，這也是部分原因。

There's also an argument that political leaders are most effective right after their

也有一種說法是，政治領導人在上任後最有效的是他們的

election victory when public opinion is demonstrably on their side, which may strengthen their

當輿論明顯站在他們這一邊時，可能會加強他們的選舉勝利。

hand when dealing with other lawmakers. However, the honeymoon period can be short, as was

在與其他立法者打交道時的手。然而，蜜月期可能很短，正如。

the case for French President Emmanuel Macron. Only a third of French people were satisfied

法國總統埃馬紐埃爾-馬克龍的情況。只有三分之一的法國人滿意

with his presidency after a hundred days, 10% lower even compared to his predecessor

擔任總統百日後，比前任總統還低10%。

Francois Hollande, the most unpopular French president in polling history.

民調史上最不受歡迎的法國總統弗朗索瓦-奧朗德。

In the private sector, a leader's actions at the start of a new job may also have a

在私營部門，領導者在新工作開始時的行為也可能會有一個

lasting impact. A survey of 143 human resources executives found that more than 70% agreed

持久影響。對143名人力資源主管的調查發現，超過70%的人同意

or strongly agreed that “success or failure during the transition period is a strong predictor

或非常同意 "過渡時期的成敗是一個強有力的預測因素"。

of overall success or failure in the job.” According to some business experts, poor decisions

的工作整體成敗。"一些企業專家認為，決策不當

can have an adverse effect on leaders' future working relationships, whereas early wins

會對上司未來的工作關係產生不利影響，而早期的勝利

For politicians, early wins often mean passing laws, but is that the best indicator of a

對於政治家來說，早期的勝利往往意味著通過法律，但這是最好的指標嗎？

While Ronald Reagan only enacted nine laws in his first hundred days, his fiercest critics

雖然羅納德-里根在他的頭一百天裡只頒佈了九項法律，但他最激烈的批評者是

commended him for effectively communicating goals which would define his presidency during

讚揚他有效地傳達了他在擔任主席期間的目標。

Conversely, John F Kennedy passed 26 laws in his first hundred days in office, but the

相反，約翰-肯尼迪在他執政的頭一百天裡，通過了26項法律，但是

period was marred by the disastrous Bay of Pigs invasion 87 days into his presidency.

在他擔任總統87天后，災難性的豬灣入侵事件使這一時期蒙上了陰影。

The failed military action at the height of the Cold War was intended to overthrow Cuban

在冷戰最激烈的時候，這次失敗的軍事行動是為了推翻古巴。

dictator Fidel Castro but instead, heightened tensions with the U.S.S.R. and culminated

獨裁者菲德爾-卡斯特羅，但相反，加劇了與美蘇的緊張關係，並最終導致了

In fact, Kennedy tried to lower expectations for his first 100 days during his inauguration

事實上，肯尼迪在就職典禮上試圖降低對他前100天的期望值

speech, “All this will not be finished in the first 100 days. Nor will it be finished

講話，"這一切都不會在頭100天內完成。也不會完成

in the first 1,000 days, nor in the life of this administration.”

在前1000天，也在本屆政府的生命中。"

Despite the disastrous Bay of Pigs invasion, JFK's accomplishments have been deemed favorable

儘管發生了災難性的豬灣入侵事件，但肯尼迪的功績卻被認為是有利的。

in comparison with his immediate predecessors Dwight Eisenhower and Harry Truman.

與他的直接前任德懷特-艾森豪威爾和哈里-杜魯門相比。

Although the first 100 days is an arbitrary deadline, part of its continued relevance

雖然第一個100天是一個任意的最後期限，但其繼續存在的部分意義是：

is in politicians' use of pre-election  promises to hook voters.

是在政客利用選前承諾來勾引選民。

While on the campaign trail, Trump unveiled a 100-day action plan called “Contract with

在競選時，特朗普公佈了一項名為 "與之簽約 "的百日行動計劃。

the American Voter,” but as the deadline for its completion approached the following

美國選民"，但隨著完成的最後期限的臨近，在以下幾個方面

year, he called the 100 days a 'ridiculous standard'

年，他稱100天是一個'荒謬的標準'。

The first 100 days catchphrase  has caught on internationally too.

第一個100天的口號在國際上也流行起來了。

Imran Khan, successfully campaigned to become Prime Minister of Pakistan on a '100 Days

伊姆蘭-汗，以 "100天 "成功競選巴基斯坦總理。

Agenda' in the country's general election in 2018, although he failed to make significant

議程"，在2018年的國家大選中，雖然他沒能取得重大的。

In the U.K., Boris Johnson's Conservative Party also published a 100-day plan in the

在英國，鮑里斯-約翰遜的保守黨也公佈了一項百日計劃，在。

week before the 2019 general election. Although Johnson managed to fulfill most of these promises,

2019年大選前一週。雖然約翰遜成功實現了其中的大部分承諾。

his rosy outlook for 2020 was swiftly  derailed by the coronavirus pandemic.

他對2020年的美好展望被冠狀病毒大流行迅速破壞。

The first hundred days may be an effective political campaign slogan,

第一個一百天可能是一個有效的政治運動口號。

For every U.S. president, the ghost of Roosevelt looms large, although his achievements occured

對於每一位美國總統來說，羅斯福的鬼魂都在籠罩著，雖然他的成就發生在他的身上。

in unique circumstances. History has also shown that a leader's early actions do not

在獨特的情況下。歷史也表明，一個領導者的早期行動並不是

necessarily make or break their presidency and plans can quickly be overturned by events

beyond their control. But a successful first hundred days can build momentum, personal

無法控制。但是，成功的前一百天可以建立動力，個人的

credibility and political capital, which any politician would be grateful for.

信譽和政治資本，任何政治家都會感激不盡。

Hi guys, thanks for watching our video. We'd love for you to subscribe to the channel but

嗨，感謝你觀看我們的視頻。我們很希望您能訂閱我們的頻道，但是...

before you do that, are there any political leaders that I haven't mentioned in the

在你做之前，有沒有什麼政治領袖，我沒有提到的，在這裡。

video that have had a remarkable first hundred days, whether good or bad? Comment below the

視頻，有一個非凡的前一百天，是好是壞？請在下面評論

video to let us know and  we'll see you next time.

視頻讓我們知道，我們下次再見。

字幕列表影片播放

第一百天重要嗎？| 美國有線電視新聞網（CNBC）解釋 (Do the first hundred days matter? | CNBC Explains)

approach

significant

ridiculous

depression