that met its fiery death in the year 1937.

在1937年焚毀。

Surprisingly, more than half of the people on board

令人驚訝的是，超過一半的乘客

actually survived the crash.

在墜毀時存活。

In this video, I want to take you on a detailed tour

這部影片，我想要帶你更深入的探討

of the inside of the Hindenburg.

興登堡號的內部。

We'll talk about airships in general

我們將探討一般的飛船

and why they are mostly a thing of the past.

和為什麼他成了過去的產物。

(electricity crackling)

（電流聲）

This video is sponsored by ExpressVPN.

這部影片由ExpressVPN贊助撥出。

The earliest airship that we know of

我們知道最早的飛船

was in the year 1783 in France.

是在1783年的法國

These primitive balloons were unstable,

這些原始的氣球還不穩定，

and steering was near impossible at first.

操舵在一開始更是不可能。

A man by the name of Count Zeppelin created his own company

一位男士叫Count Zeppelin開創了自己的公司

and helped perfect the design of airships.

並幫助了設計完好的飛船。

At the time, passenger air travel was not commonplace yet,

在那時候，航空旅行還未盛行，

so this was the fastest way to travel across the ocean.

所以這是跨越海洋最快的方法。

It was about twice as fast as an ocean liner.

大約比遠洋班輪還快兩倍。

Construction of the Hindenburg was completed in 1936.

興登堡號的建造在1936年完成。

To this day, it's still the largest flying object

時至今日，仍是有史以來最大的

ever to be built.

飛行物。

It was built in Germany and funded by the Nazis,

它造於德國且被納粹給投資。

which is why the swastika is on the tail.

也是為什麼船尾會有卍字。

Most of the space inside the ship

船體內部空間大部分

is taken up by 16 large gas cells.

是由16個大型氣體室所佔據

If we remove these, you can see the frame of the ship.

如果把這些拿掉，你可以看到飛船的骨架。

The passenger areas are down here.

乘客的區域是在下面

There are two decks.

有兩層

The top one is the A deck,

上層是A層

and then below is the B deck.

下面則是B層

The B deck is where the passengers board the airship.

B層是乘客登機的地方

There's angled windows to get a panoramic view

有著能看到下方全景

of the scene below, bathrooms, areas for the crew,

的有角度窗戶、廁所、船員的區域、

the kitchen, and the officers' mess.

廚房和辦公人員的休息室

This room is the smoking room.

這間是吸煙區

It was pressurized so that there was no chance

房間被加壓所以任何氫氣

of any hydrogen leaking in.

都不會外洩。

And yes, hydrogen is flammable.

是的，氫氣是可燃的。

We'll talk more about this gas later in the video.

我們等等再來說這個氣體。

The stair here take us up to the A deck,

這個樓梯能上到A層

which is where the passengers spent most of their time.

乘客花大部分的時間都在這個地方。

There are more windows on both sides of the ship.

船體兩旁有更多的窗戶

Here's the reading and writing room,

這裡是閱覽室

and the lounge area, complete with a grand piano.

還有休息區，有的一台三角鋼琴。

Normally, grand pianos can weigh as much as 1,000 pounds,

一般三角鋼琴重量可達1,000磅（454公斤），

but that's a lot of weight to put in an airship.

但這對要放在飛船裡來說太重了。

This piano is made out of aluminum,

這台鋼琴是由鋁做成，

and it only weighs about 356 pounds.

且只有大約356磅（162公斤）重。

The passenger cabins have two bunks each,

客艙各有兩個舖位

and the dining room was on the other side.

餐廳則是在另一邊。

So now we've seen all the areas where passengers can go.

所以現在我們已經看完了乘客能去到的地方。

Let's see where the crew members could go.

我們換來看看船員的去的地方。

Ont the B deck, this hallway is called

在B層上的走廊是叫

the keel corridor, which led to a walkway

龍骨走廊，且引導到

through the entire bottom of the ship.

能穿越整個船體下方的走道。

Towards the front of the ship

靠近飛船的前方

is the mail room and the radio room.

有一間郵件室和無線電室。

Right below here is the control car.

下方是控制車

This is the command center of the ship,

這是飛船的指揮中心，

which you can see from below.

你能在下方看到它

This is the rudder wheel, which helps move the ship

這是舵輪，能幫助飛船

to the left or right by controlling the rudders

向左或向右移動，藉由控制

on the very back of the ship.

船尾的方向舵

This is the elevator wheel,

這是升降舵輪，

which controls the pitch of the ship.

控制飛船的角度

Ideally, we want the ship as level as possible

理想中是要盡可能讓飛船保持水平

to keep the passengers comfortable.

才能讓乘客感到舒適。

This is done by the elevators on the very back.

這是由最後面的升降器所達成。

The officers' quarters are here,

辦公人員的宿舍是在這，

so that they are close to the control car.

以便於靠近控制車。

Along the keel catwalk, you'll find

沿著龍谷步道，你會發現

plenty of these fuel and water tanks.

有很多油箱和水箱。

Here's the crew quarters, cargo areas,

這裡是船員的宿舍，倉庫

and this is the electrical room.

這是電氣室。

There's more cargo areas here,

這裡還有更多的倉庫，

and a few more down here.

還有一些在這。

And then crew quarters for those

然後是給在後方工作

that work towards the back of the ship.

的船員的宿舍。

Along the side of the ship are four engine cars

沿著船邊有四座引擎

with propellers to help move the ship forward.

配著能幫助飛船現前移動的螺旋槳。

There was always a crew member stationed at each engine car

每一座引擎會有一位在旅途所有時刻

at all times of the journey.

都駐守在這的船員

This walkway is how the crew could get to the engine car.

這是船員到達引擎的走道

Along the keel corridor are several shafts with ladders

沿著龍骨走到，有好幾跟有著梯子的軸

so the crew members could climb up higher.

所以船員能夠爬到更高處。

These shafts were also used to ventilate gas.

這些軸也用於通風氣體。

This walkway through the center of the ship

這個走到穿越飛船的中心。

is called the axial corridor.

叫軸向走廊。

These 16 gas cells are what hold the ship up in the air.

這16個氣體室是讓船能飛在天空的原因。

The cells were originally intended to be filled with helium,

這些氣體室原本打算要裝滿氦氣，

but instead were filled with hydrogen.

但變成裝滿氫氣

If we look at the periodic table of elements,

如果我們查看元素表，

hydrogen is the lightest element,

氫氣是最輕的元素，

which means it will provide the most lift.

代表能提供更多浮力。

Unfortunately, it's also highly flammable,

不幸的，同時也是高度易燃，

so the intent with the Hindenburg was to actually

所以興登堡號實際上是打算

use helium, slightly heavier, but also much safer.

要使用氦氣，稍微重一點，不過也安全許多。

At the time, the United States

在此時，美國

had the best supply of helium

有最好的氦氣供應

but would not sell it to other countries,

但他們不想賣給其他國家，

which means that Germany was out of luck.

意味著德國非常的不幸。

So the Hindenburg had no other choice but to use hydrogen.

所以興登堡號別無選擇只能使用氫氣。

Previous to the Hindenburg,

在興登堡號之前

there had been quite a few airship accidents.

已經有一些飛船事故。

Other countries had already decided that

其他國家都已經決定

hydrogen-filled airships were just too dangerous.

裝滿氦氣的飛船太危險。

Germany, however, had a flawless record so far.

然而到目前為止，德國有著完美無瑕的紀錄

No passengers had ever been killed in an airship accident.

並沒有乘客在飛船事故中喪亡。

During the year 1936, the Hindenburg

在1936年間，興登堡號

had many successful passenger flights,

有許多成功的載乘飛行，

to the United States and to Brazil.

到美國和到巴西。

The year 1937 didn't go so well.

1937年就沒有那麼順利了。

May 3rd, the Hindenburg begins its journey

五月三號，興登堡開啟了旅程，

from Frankfurt, Germany.

從德國，法蘭克福。

It was a three-day journey to get to Lakehurst, New Jersey.

這是一個三天的旅行 到紐澤西，萊克斯赫特。

The ship was only halfway full at this time.

這次船上只有載滿一半。

Only 97 people were onboard.

只有97人登機。

The landing was originally scheduled

原本降落排程

for the early morning of May 6th, but it was delayed

是在五月六號的清早，

because of strong headwinds, rain, and thunderstorms.

卻因為強風、下雨和雷雨而延誤。

This is the Lakehurst station.

這是萊克赫斯特站。

It has a hangar to park the airship when it's not flying.

有著在飛船沒有啟航時的停機棚。

This is the mooring mast.

這是系留柱

For a normal landing, the nose of the ship

對於一個正常的降落來說，當它在地面時，

will be attached here while it's on the ground.

船體的鼻端會附著在這

On the evening of May 6th, there were many people

五月六號的晚間，有許多人

on the ground, including spectators, news reporters,

包括觀眾和新聞主播在地面上，

and crew member ready to help bring the ship in.

還有船員準備好要讓船進入

At 7:00 p.m., the ship made a first pass

晚上7:00，飛船第一次經過

over the landing site and slowly circled around

著陸點並緩慢的盤旋

for the final landing.

進行最後的著陸

At this point, the ship was 12 hours late,

此刻，飛船已經遲到12小時

so there was an urgency to land,

所以必須趕快降落。

as there were many passengers waiting to board

因為還有很多乘客等著登機

for the return trip back to Germany.

返航回去德國。

For some reason, the tail of the ship was low,

某先原因導致船尾很低，

a possible hydrogen leak.

有可能是氦氣外洩。

At 7:21 p.m., the ship released the handling lines

在晚上7:21，船體放下牽引線

for the ground crew below.

給地面人員。

Four minutes later, the ship bursts into flames

四分鐘後，船身突然燒起來

at the top, in between gas cells number four and five.

在上方的氣體室四號和五號之間

(explosion)

（爆炸）

It took less than a minute

總總花不到一分鐘

for the ship to be completely destroyed

船體完全毀滅

and in ruins on the ground below.

且在地面上成了廢墟。

Of the 97 people on board, 62 of them survived the crash.

有97人登機，其中62人在墜毀中存活

Let's take a look at the explosion again.

我們再來看一次爆炸畫面

Right after it happens, the tail begins to fall.

災事故發生後，尾巴開始下墜。

The flames travel through the axial corridor

火勢沿著軸向走廊

and out the nose of the ship.

至船體的鼻端

Everyone on board is thrown off their feet

船上的每個人都被突然的

with a sudden jolt.

晃動給拋出。

Since they're about to land, most passengers

因為即將要降落，大部分乘客

are already at the windows, and it's a good thing, too.

已經在窗戶旁，且這是個好事。

As the ship gets closer to the ground,

當飛船越靠近地面時，

many were able to jump and run away from the burning ship.

他們能夠跳出並逃離燃燒中的飛船。

Others were not so lucky.

其他就沒那麼幸運。

No one knows for sure what caused the ship to catch on fire.

沒人能確定是什麼導致飛船燃燒。

Unfortunately, most of the evidence was burned up.

更不幸的是，大部分的證據都被燒掉了。

The likely cause is from static electricity buildup

有可能的原因是靜電積累

right before the disaster.

在災難發生前。

One small spark is all it would take.

星星之火，可以燎原。

The Hindenburg wasn't the worst airship disaster.

興登堡號並不是最糟的飛船災難。

It was just the first to be caught on film

這只是第一個被拍攝成電影

and widely seen by the public.

且廣為人知的事故

Because of this, airship travel

因為如此，飛船旅行

as a means of transportation was brought to an end.

作為一種交通工具在此結束。

Any airships that are still in use today

現今還在使用的飛船

will definitely use helium and not hydrogen.

絕對是使用氦氣而不是氫氣。

I want to give a big thanks to ExpressVPN

我想要感謝ExpressVPN

for sponsoring this video.

贊助此部影片。

Now, if you've never heard of a VPN before,

現在，如果你之前沒有聽過VPN，

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這是virtual private network（虛擬專用網）的縮寫，

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它在你使用網路時保護你的資料。

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沒有用ExpressVPN，駭客，

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或者善意的公司

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能追蹤你在做什麼、你在哪裡買東西，

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甚至你的個資。

such as credit card details.

例如信用卡資料

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一但有了ExpressVPN，這些重要的東西就會加密，

which means someone else can't tell what it is.

別人也就無法知道是什麼。

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對我來說，這非常重要。

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我不想要讓任何人能看到我的資料。

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Express VPN非常簡單使用：

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打開，按連線。

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你甚至能自訂

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94個國家的地區。

This can be handy when a website is blocked

這對於當一個網站被你的國家阻擋後

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只要選個地區，然後重新連線。

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ExpressVPN一個月花不到$7。

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還有一項30天金額退款保證。

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今天開始奪回你的網路隱私，

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瀏覽ExpressVPN.com/JaredOwen。

(intriguing music)

（奇妙的音樂）