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  • Suppose we take our circuit of a battery and a light bulb,

    假設我們以電池和燈泡為電路,

  • and we make it slightly more complicated by adding a switch.

    並且通過添加一個開關使它稍微複雜一些。

  • When the switch opens, the charged particles are prevented from passing through.

    當開關打開時,可防止帶電粒子通過。

  • Particles with the same charge repel one another,

    具有相同電荷的粒子彼此排斥,

  • and they therefore spread out throughout the wire.

    因此它們散佈在整個導線中。

  • The events shown here all happen at the same time, and this is the result.

    此處顯示的事件都是同時發生的,這就是結果。

  • For the light bulb to turn on, the switch must close, so as to create

    為了打開燈泡,必須將開關閉合,以便產生

  • a complete path for the charged particles to flow around the loop.

    帶電粒子在迴路中流動的完整路徑。

  • If we have several light bulbs, each light bulb can have its own individual switch.

    如果我們有幾個燈泡,則每個燈泡可以有自己的單獨開關。

  • Or, we can have one switch which controls all the light bulbs.

    或者,我們可以有一個控制所有燈泡的開關。

  • The number of charged particles that pass by each second

    每秒通過的帶電粒子數

  • is what we refer to as the current.

    這就是我們所說的最新潮流。

  • The charged particles flow through the light bulb because

    帶電粒子流過燈泡,因為

  • the battery causes them to have a higher potential energy

    電池使它們具有更高的勢能

  • on one side of the light bulb than the other.

    在燈泡的一側比另一側。

  • This potential energy is what we refer to as voltage.

    這種勢能就是我們所說的電壓。

  • If both sides of a light bulb are at the same voltage,

    如果燈泡的兩端電壓相同,

  • then no current will pass through it.

    那麼就不會有電流通過。

  • As the voltage across the light bulb increases,

    隨著燈泡兩端的電壓增加,

  • the amount of current through the light bulb also increases,

    通過燈泡的電流也增加了,

  • and the light bulb produces more light.

    燈泡發出更多的光。

  • When a switch closes, it causes the two different parts

    開關閉合時,會導致兩個不同的部分

  • of a circuit that it connects to be at the same voltage.

    連接的電路的電壓相同。

  • If both sides of a light bulb are at the same voltage,

    如果燈泡的兩端電壓相同,

  • then no current will pass through it.

    那麼就不會有電流通過。

  • And if no current passes through a light bulb,

    如果沒有電流通過燈泡,

  • then this means that both sides of the bulb are at the same voltage.

    那麼這意味著燈泡的兩側都具有相同的電壓。

  • A properly working battery ensures that the difference

    正確工作的電池可確保差異

  • in voltage across it is always at a specific value.

    兩端的電壓始終處於特定值。

  • All points that are directly connected to each other through

    通過以下方式彼此直接連接的所有點

  • metal conductors and closed switches are at the same voltage.

    金屬導體和閉合開關的電壓相同。

  • This means that if we have several light bulbs connected

    這意味著如果我們連接了幾個燈泡

  • to a battery in parallel, the voltage across each light bulb

    並聯電池,每個燈泡的電壓

  • is equal to the voltage that is produced by the battery.

    等於電池產生的電壓。

  • Since the voltage across the light bulb determines how much

    由於燈泡兩端的電壓決定了多少

  • current passes through it, each of these light bulbs will have

    電流流過,每個燈泡都會有

  • the same current pass through it as we had when we just had

    與我們剛剛經歷的電流一樣

  • one light bulb connected to the battery.

    一個燈泡連接到電池。

  • The total current drawn from the battery is the sum

    從電池汲取的總電流為總和

  • of all the currents drawn by each of the light bulbs.

    每個燈泡消耗的所有電流中的一半。

  • Now, let us consider a situation where we have

    現在,讓我們考慮一種情況

  • several light bulbs connected in series.

    幾個串聯的燈泡。

  • Since the total voltage across the group of light bulbs is at

    由於整個燈泡組的總電壓為

  • the specific value set by the battery, the drop in voltage

    電池設定的特定值,電壓降

  • across each light bulb is only a fraction of this.

    跨過每個燈泡只是其中的一小部分。

  • Since the current that passes through each light bulb

    由於流過每個燈泡的電流

  • depends on the voltage across it,

    取決於它兩端的電壓,

  • this smaller voltage across each of the light bulbs means

    每個燈泡上較小的電壓意味著

  • that a smaller current will flow through them.

    較小的電流將流過它們。

  • This means that the lights will not be as bright.

    這意味著燈光不會那麼亮。

  • Because the light bulbs are connected in series,

    由於燈泡是串聯連接的,

  • this means that the current passing through each of them is the same.

    這意味著流過它們每個的電流是相同的。

  • The amount of current entering always has to

    輸入的電流量始終必須

  • be equal to the amount of current exiting.

    等於當前存在的電流量。

  • This is what we refer to as Kirchhoff's Current Law.

    這就是我們所說的基爾霍夫現行法律。

  • This is accompanied by another law, called Kirchhoff's Voltage Law,

    這是伴隨著另一條稱為基爾霍夫電壓定律的法律,

  • which states that as we travel around a loop,

    指出當我們繞圈旅行時,

  • the amount of voltage increases that we experience

    我們經歷的電壓增加

  • must be exactly equal to the amount of

    必須正好等於

  • voltage drops that we experience.

    我們遇到的電壓降。

  • The use of these two laws together allows to analyze all electric circuits,

    結合使用這兩個定律,可以分析所有電路,

  • no matter how complex they become.

    不管它們變得多麼複雜。

  • Much more detailed information about

    有關的更多詳細信息

  • voltage, current, and electric circuits

    電壓,電流和電路

  • is available in the other videos on this channel.

    在此頻道的其他視頻中可用。

Suppose we take our circuit of a battery and a light bulb,

假設我們以電池和燈泡為電路,

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