Name: 現代天文學的恆星史--艾米麗-萊維斯克 (A stellar history of modern astronomy | Emily Levesque)
Uploaded: 2020-12-18T18:11:32.000Z
Duration: 15 min 21 s

Transcriber: Joseph Geni Reviewer: Camille Martínez

轉錄者：約瑟夫-傑尼Joseph Geni 審稿人: Camille MartínezCamille Martínez

In 1987, a Chilean engineer named Oscar Duhalde

1987年，一位名叫奧斯卡-杜哈爾德的智利工程師。

became the only living person on the planet

Oscar was a telescope operator at Las Campanas Observatory in Chile.

奧斯卡是智利拉斯坎帕納斯天文臺的一名望遠鏡操作員。

He worked with the astronomers who came to the observatory for their research,

他與前來天文臺進行研究的天文學家們一起工作。

running the telescopes and processing the data that they took.

運行望遠鏡並處理它們採集的數據。

and looked up at the night sky and he saw this.

抬頭看了看夜空，他看到了這個。

It's a satellite galaxy very near our own Milky Way.

這是一個非常靠近我們銀河系的衛星星系。

Oscar noticed that something was different about this galaxy.

奧斯卡發現，這個星系有些不同。

A small point of light had appeared in one corner of this galaxy.

在這個星系的一角，出現了一個小小的光點。

So to explain how amazing it is that Oscar noticed this,

所以要解釋一下，奧斯卡注意到這一點是多麼的神奇。

and look at what the southern sky in Chile looks like.

再看看智利南部的天空是什麼樣子。

The Large Magellanic Cloud is right in the middle of that image,

大麥哲倫雲就在那張圖的中間。

但雖然名字叫 "小"，但它真的很小。

Imagine trying to notice one single new point of light

想象一下，試圖注意到一個新的光點。

because he had the Large Magellanic Cloud essentially memorized.

因為他已經基本記住了大麥哲倫雲。

He had worked on data from this galaxy for years,

他對這個星系的數據進行了多年的研究。

poring over night after night of observations

because Oscar had begun his work in astronomy

因為奧斯卡已經開始了他的天文學工作。

at a time when we stored all of the data that we observed from the universe

當我們把從宇宙中觀察到的所有數據儲存起來的時候

and as an astronomer, I figured I could start us out nice and literally,

作為一個天文學家，我想我可以開始我們的漂亮和字面意思。

It's a familiar sight to all of us, but there's a couple of unusual things

這是我們大家都很熟悉的景象，但也有幾件不尋常的事情。

And if we zoom out, we can see how this picture was taken.

而如果我們把畫面放大，就可以看到這張照片是如何拍攝的。

This is a photograph of the Moon taken in 1894

This was the technology that astronomers had available for decades

這是幾十年來天文學家所掌握的技術。

to store the observations that we took of the night sky.

來存儲我們對夜空的觀察結果。

I've actually brought an example of a glass plate to show you.

其實我已經帶來了一個玻璃板的例子給大家看。

So this looks like a real secure way to store our data.

所以，這看起來是一個真正安全的方式來存儲我們的數據。

These photographic plates were incredibly difficult to work with.

這些照相板的工作難度非常大。

One side of them was treated with a chemical emulsion that would darken

其中一面用化學乳劑處理，使其變黑。

This is how these plates were able to store the pictures that they took,

這就是這些盤子能夠存儲他們拍攝的照片的方法。

but it meant that astronomers had to work with these plates in darkness.

但這意味著天文學家必須在黑暗中與這些板塊一起工作。

The plates had to be cut to a specific size

板材必須按照特定的尺寸進行切割

so that they could fit into the camera of a telescope.

So astronomers would take razor-sharp cutting tools

所以天文學家們會拿著鋒利的切割工具

Astronomers also had all kinds of tricks that they would use

天文學家也有各種各樣的技巧，他們會使用

to make the plates respond to light a little faster.

以使板子對光的反應更快一些。

They would bake them or freeze them, they would soak them in ammonia,

他們會把它們烘烤或冷凍起來，他們會把它們泡在氨水裡。

或者他們會用檸檬汁塗抹它們 --

Then astronomers would take these carefully designed plates

天文學家就會拿著這些精心設計的板子

They had to be loaded with that chemically emulsified side pointed out

他們必須要裝上化學乳化的一面，指出

But in the dark, it was almost impossible to tell which side was the right one.

但在黑暗中，幾乎無法判斷哪邊是正確的。

Astronomers got into the habit of tapping a plate to their lips,

天文學家們養成了用盤子敲打嘴脣的習慣。

or, like, licking it, to see which side of the plate was sticky

或者，就像，舔它，看看哪邊的盤子是粘的。

And then when they actually put it into the camera,

然後，當他們真正把它放入相機。

you can see that the plate the astronomer is holding

你可以看到，天文學家所持的盤子

Sometimes plates had to be bent to fit into a telescope's camera,

有時，板子必須彎曲，才能裝進望遠鏡的攝像頭。

so you would take this carefully cut, meticulously treated, very babied plate

所以你會把這個精心切割的，精心處理的，非常寶貝的盤子。

up to a telescope, and then you'd just ...

So sometimes that would work. Sometimes they would snap.

所以，有時這將工作。有時他們會崩潰。

But it would usually end with the [plate] loaded into a camera

但它通常會以[板]裝入相機而結束

to whatever patch of sky you wanted to study,

Now, astronomers couldn't just walk away from the camera

現在，天文學家們不能就這樣離開相機了

They had to stay with that camera for as long as they were observing.

他們在觀察的過程中，必須要和那臺攝影機呆在一起。

This meant that astronomers would get into elevators

這意味著，天文學家將進入電梯。

attached to the side of the telescope domes.

They would ride the elevator high into the building

他們會乘坐電梯高高的進入大樓。

and then climb into the top of the telescope

and stay there all night shivering in the cold,

並在那裡整晚在寒冷中瑟瑟發抖。

transferring plates in and out of the camera,

and pointing the telescope to whatever piece of sky

並將望遠鏡指向任何一片天空。

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現代天文學的恆星史--艾米麗-萊維斯克 (A stellar history of modern astronomy | Emily Levesque)

literally

entire

incredibly

ridiculous