Name: Covid疫苗。事實和數據解釋 - BBC新聞之夜 (Covid vaccine: The facts and data explained - BBC Newsnight)
Uploaded: 2020-12-16T18:10:29.000Z
Duration: 4 min 42 s

Until today, we've only really had an outline of the science behind any of the covert vaccines, but now it's become a bit clearer.

直到今天，我們才真正對任何一種隱蔽疫苗背後的科學有了一個輪廓，但現在變得更加清晰了。

Instead of press releases and little bits of detail gleaned from the UK regulator, we now have what scientists would regard as more of the meaty detail.

我們現在沒有從英國監管機構收集到的新聞稿和小細節，而是有了科學家們認為更多肉麻的細節。

Today we saw the publication of Efficacy and Safety Analysis from the Oxford AstraZeneca Vaccine trials.

今天，我們看到了牛津阿斯利康疫苗試驗的有效性和安全性分析的發佈。

We've also seen a much full of data set of the fighter by and Tech vaccine trial.

我們也看到了由和科技疫苗試驗的戰鬥機的一組更充分的數據。

That's because before the US regulator, the FDA discusses the possible approval of a drug or a vaccine.

這是因為在美國監管機構之前，FDA討論的是藥物或疫苗可能獲得準許的問題。

It publishes a synopsis of the submitted evidence.

So what have we learned about how well they protect people from getting ill from co vid?

那麼，我們瞭解到了它們如何保護人們不因co vid而生病？

We got more detail on the headline results of the Oxford trial.

我們得到了更多關於牛津審判的頭條結果的細節。

You may remember it returned two results.

你可能還記得它返回了兩個結果。

The largest study group who were given to full doses showed 62% efficacy.

給予全劑量的最大研究組顯示62%的療效。

我們現在知道了不確定性的範圍。

That figure could be a slow was 41% or as high as 75.7% thes figures of what is known as confidence intervals.

這個數字可能是一個緩慢的是41％或高達75.7％的數字，什麼是所謂的置信區間。

Meanwhile, a much smaller group who were given a low dose followed by a higher dose in a move that was not initially planned, showed 90% efficacy with confidence intervals of 67.4 and 97%.

同時，一個更小的組，他們在最初沒有計劃的行動中，先給予低劑量，然後再給予高劑量，顯示出90%的療效，置信區間為67.4和97%。

They may not be a big difference between the doses.

它們之間的劑量可能差別不大。

Pfizer's large trial showed 94.6% efficacy were smaller confidence intervals of 89.9% and 97.3%.

輝瑞的大型試驗顯示94.6%的療效是較小的置信區間89.9%和97.3%。

One issue that has been flagged with Oxfords vaccine is that there were very few older people involved in the analysis for the low dose standard dose group.

牛欄杆疫苗被標出的一個問題是，低劑量標準劑量組的分析中，參與的老年人很少。

Everyone was under 55 so we don't know how well it works.

大家都是55歲以下，所以不知道效果如何。

And older people there was quite consistent efficacy between different age groups and races.

而老年人在不同年齡段和不同種族之間有相當一致的療效。

But we've got to remember we're talking about around 190 symptomatic infections on their spread across these different age groups and race groups.

但我們必須記住，我們正在談論大約190個症狀感染在這些不同的年齡組和種族組中的傳播。

So it's difficult to be sure about the reliability of each comparison.

所以很難確定每次比較的可靠性。

I think we need to look at the overall results and see that this WAAS a very powerful vaccine in terms of stopping people getting sick with Kobe this'll isn't just about illness, it's about controlling the spread of the virus.

我認為我們需要看整體的結果，看到這個waas一個非常強大的疫苗，在阻止人們生病的科比這將不僅僅是疾病，它是關於控制病毒的傳播。

One of the big questions is whether the vaccine is able to prevent people who get the virus but don't display symptoms from spreading the virus.

其中一個大問題是，疫苗是否能夠防止感染病毒但不表現症狀的人傳播病毒。

Unlike the other trials, Oxford took weekly swabs toe identify infections, so we're able to pick up asymptomatic cases.

與其他試驗不同的是，牛津大學採取了每週一次的拭子來識別感染，所以我們能夠挑選出無症狀的病例。

Other trials only looked at people with symptoms and didn't test more widely for the virus.

其他試驗只看了有症狀的人，並沒有更廣泛地測試病毒。

There is some evidence that Oxfords low dose, standard dose combination might prevent asymptomatic infection.

有一些證據表明，牛黃的低劑量、標準劑量組合可能會預防無症狀感染。

There was a 59% reduction, but it's very uncertain because those numbers involved a so small.

有59%的減少，但這是非常不確定的，因為這些數字涉及的範圍太小。

When the combination of two standard doses was used, there was essentially no reduction in asymptomatic infection.

兩種標準劑量聯合使用時，無症狀感染基本沒有減少。

The figure was 4% with very wide confidence intervals of minus 72% to 46%.

這個數字是4%，置信區間非常寬，從負72%到46%。

This might mean more data on analysis and needed.

這可能意味著更多的分析數據和需要。

We weren't expecting this disconnect between a vaccines effect on symptoms on the vaccines effect on overall protection, and if we see the same shift for the fires from Madonna vaccines, it's an important thing to know because it affects how you deploy the vaccine.

我們沒有想到疫苗對症狀的影響與疫苗對整體保護的影響之間會有這種脫節，如果我們看到麥當娜疫苗的火災也有同樣的轉變，這是一件很重要的事情，因為它會影響你如何部署疫苗。

You might need much higher coverage levels to actually achieve eradication in the long term.

你可能需要更高的覆蓋水準才能真正實現長期的根除。

Both trials report that there were MAWR mild adverse effects in the vaccine groups than in the control group.

兩項試驗均報告，疫苗組的MAWR不良反應輕於對照組。

Thes included fatigue, fever and headache.

Most vaccines produce any harm that they have within two months.

大多數疫苗在兩個月內產生任何危害。

四個月的時候，這是很罕見的腳趾。

Find problems that go beyond that, but we still need to be sure.

發現問題，除此之外，我們還需要確。

So the really key next steps will be surveillance.

所以，下一步真正關鍵的是監控。

All those who have Bean vaccinated Margaret Keane and made history today is the first person vaccinated for covert outside of a trial.

所有有豆疫苗的人瑪格麗特-基恩和創造歷史的今天是第一個人接種的隱蔽的試驗外。

 We have a vaccine, but what exactly that means, Yet for us, all is less clear. 

我們有了疫苗，但究竟意味著什麼，對我們來說，一切都不太清楚。