But this way of working is changing dramatically.

但這種工作方式正在發生巨大的變化。

Last year, Wisconsin-based company Three Square Market announced its plans to install

去年，總部位於威斯康星州的三平方市場公司宣佈計劃安裝

rice-sized microchips in its employees.

米粒大小的微芯片在其員工。

I'm on a mission to discover how the digital age is transforming the way we are working

我的使命是探索數字時代如何改變我們的工作方式。

and how some companies are taking it to the extreme by microchipping their employees.

以及一些公司如何通過給員工植入芯片來達到極端的目的。

In the old days, the coal mines broke the bodies of workers,

昔日，煤礦把工人的身體弄壞了。

but today the gig economy is breaking our minds.

但如今的gig經濟卻讓我們傷透了腦筋。

From the early factory jobs of the Industrial Revolution to the office-based jobs of today,

從工業革命早期的工廠工作到今天的辦公室工作。

workers have long been bound to an employer and a physical space,

長期以來，勞動者一直被束縛在僱主和物理空間中。

often for the entirety of their careers.

往往是整個職業生涯的。

But the nature of work is changing, and so is the workforce.

但工作性質在變，勞動力也在變。

Today's workers are more independent, entrepreneurial,

如今的勞動者更多的是獨立、創業。

tend to job-hop and want to work anywhere and anytime.

傾向於跳槽，想隨時隨地工作。

Have you ever worked a 9 to 5 job?

你有過朝九晚五的工作嗎？

No, never.

不，從來沒有。

Our co-workers they can come anywhere, any time they want.

我們的同事他們可以隨時隨地的來。

We don't really care as long as they get the job done.

只要他們能完成任務，我們並不在意。

Experts are saying this change is due to two main trends, the digitalization of both work and workers.

專家表示，這種變化主要是由於兩大趨勢，即工作和工人的數字化。

So what does the digitalization of work mean?

那麼，工作的數字化意味著什麼？

To find out more, I met up with Jeremy West at the OECD forum in Paris.

為了瞭解更多，我在巴黎的OECD論壇上見到了Jeremy West。

He researches the economic and social effects of internet openness.

他研究的是互聯網開放的經濟和社會效應。

The digital platform economy is something that makes it easier

數字平臺經濟是讓人更容易的東西

for users who want to interact with each other to do that.

為用戶之間的互動，以做到這一點。

So, what it means is that there are a lot of new ways of work

所以，這意味著有很多新的工作方式。

that we haven't seen before and new forms of work.

我們沒有見過的和新的工作形式。

Being an Uber driver, for example, or being a freelancer who uses an online platform

比如做Uber司機，或者做一個使用網絡平臺的自由職業者。

to find a gig, a task, that needs doing.

找到一個需要做的工作，一個任務。

Estimating the size of the global platform economy is difficult.

估計全球平臺經濟的規模是很難的。

But one piece of research compiled 242 of these digital platforms

但有一項研究整理出242個這樣的數字平臺

and found they're worth a combined $7.2 trillion.

並發現他們的身價合計達7.2萬億美元。

And the top seven, the so-called 'super platforms,'

而前七名，就是所謂的 "超級平臺"。

are worth $4.9 trillion or 69% of the total worth of the platform economy.

價值4.9萬億，佔平臺經濟總價值的69%。

Because many jobs are migrating to these digital platforms, anyone with an internet connection

因為很多工作都在向這些數字平臺遷移，任何一個有互聯網連接的人

and the right skillset can receive and take on job requests from around the globe.

和正確的技能組合可以接收和接受來自全球各地的工作請求。

Those working here at the world's largest startup campus are just

在這個世界上最大的初創企業園區工作的人只是

a typical example of how global this new world of work is.

一個典型的例子，說明這個新的工作世界是多麼的全球化。

Many of the 1,000 plus startups here in Paris are working with others across the world.

在巴黎這裡的1000多家初創企業中，很多都在與世界各地的其他企業合作。

In 2017, 24% of online freelance workers hailed from India.

2017年，24%的在線自由職業者來自印度。

Bangladesh made up 16%, while 12% of these workers were from the U.S.

孟加拉佔16%，而這些工人中有12%來自美國。

And many industries are taking advantage of these online freelancers,

而且很多行業都在利用這些在線自由職業者。

from software development and sales support to writing and translation.

從軟件開發、銷售支持到寫作和翻譯。

But if workers are far apart from each other, then how are companies monitoring productivity?

但如果工人之間相距甚遠，那麼企業如何監控生產效率？

In a typical 9 to 5 office job, it's pretty easy for your boss to make sure you're working.

在一個典型的朝九晚五的辦公室工作中，你的老闆很容易確保你的工作。

But if you're working remotely, companies have to either trust that

但是，如果你是遠程辦公，公司要麼相信

you're doing the tasks they're paying you for, or monitor you in a different way.

你在做他們付給你的任務，或者用不同的方式監控你。

That brings me to the second major change happening in the world of work, the digitalization of workers.

這讓我想到了工作世界發生的第二個重大變化，即工人的數字化。

This means that they are being monitored digitally

這意味著，他們正在被數字監控

in order for companies to track their mood, their output and their movement.

為了讓企業追蹤他們的情緒、產出和動向。

Take Uber for example.

以Uber為例。

The ride-hailing company has been known to closely monitor drivers' working time,

眾所周知，這家打車公司一直密切監控司機的工作時間。

braking and accelerating speeds and more, to detect unsafe driving patterns.

剎車和加速速度等，以檢測不安全的駕駛模式。

Surveillance can be a good thing. It's a bit like a knife.

監視可以是一件好事。這有點像一把刀。

It can be used for good or it can be used for bad.

它可以用來做善事，也可以用來做壞事。

This is James Farrar.

我是James Farrar

He's a former Uber driver who fought to access what data the company had on him.

他是一名前Uber司機，他爭取獲得公司對他的數據。

This is the GPS trace for every job that I've ever done in London.

這是我在倫敦做的每一項工作的GPS追蹤。

James was able to access this data because of the European Union's General Data Protection

詹姆斯之所以能夠獲得這些數據，是因為歐盟的《通用數據保護》。

Regulation or GDPR, a landmark piece of legislation passed back in 2018

法規或GDPR，是早在2018年通過的一項具有里程碑意義的立法。

to help consumers take control of their data.

以幫助消費者掌控自己的數據。

That same year, James founded a non-profit organization called Worker Info Exchange

同年，詹姆斯成立了一個名為 "工人資訊交流 "的非營利組織。

to help other workers on digital platforms access the data collected about them.

以幫助數字平臺上的其他工作者獲取收集到的有關他們的數據。

What I've been doing through Worker Info Exchange is helping drivers

我通過工人資訊交流中心一直在做的事情是幫助駕駛員

access that data and then to be able to turn the tables and say,

訪問這些數據，然後能夠轉過去說。

"Okay, now we understand how some people are getting work, and how others are not,

"好了，現在我們明白了，有些人怎麼會有工作，而有些人怎麼會沒有工作。

how some people are being paid properly, or other people are not being paid properly."

有些人的工資是如何正常發放的，或者有些人的工資不正常發放。"

In a statement emailed to CNBC, Uber said that while its privacy team tries to provide data when requested,

Uber在發給CNBC的一份聲明中表示，雖然其隱私團隊在接到請求時會嘗試提供數據。

it is unable to do so under certain circumstances, subject to GDPR.

在某些情況下，根據GDPR的規定，它不能這樣做。

Tracking contractors through their smartphones could just be the beginning.

通過智能手機跟蹤承包商可能只是一個開始。

The experts I spoke to say microchipping could be next.

我採訪過的專家說，微芯片可能是下一個。

I am freaked out by this but I'm more curious than anything else.

我被這件事嚇壞了，但我更多的是好奇。

So, let's go and speak to the brains behind this new technology.

那麼，讓我們去和這項新技術背後的大腦對話。

BioTeq is a U.K.-based tech company that develops microchips as small as a pill,

BioTeq是一家總部位於英國的科技公司，開發小如藥片的微芯片。

which can easily be inserted into our bodies to store data.

可以很容易地插入到我們的身體中來存儲數據。

Steven Northam is the company's founder.

Steven Northam是公司的創始人。

He's showing me an x-ray image of the microchip inside his very own hand.

他給我看的是他自己手裡面的芯片的X光影像。

We imagine in 10, 15 years sort of time this could be very commonplace.

我們想象在10年，15年的時間裡，這可能是非常普遍的。

Could you have one chip replace keys, money, passport

你能不能讓一個芯片代替鑰匙、錢、護照？

and then you could just leave the house just with your hand.

然後你可以只用手就可以離開家。

Once the 8kb chip is in your hand, it emits low-frequency signals read by a scanner that

一旦8kb的芯片在你手中，它就會發出低頻信號，由掃描儀讀取。

that identifies the unique ID in the microchip.

識別微芯片中的唯一ID。

Steven uses his microchip in the office, at home and even to start his car,

史蒂文在辦公室、在家裡，甚至在啟動汽車時都會使用他的微芯片。

but he's not using it monitor his employees.

但他沒有用它來監控他的員工。

But microchipping employees is gaining traction.

但給員工植入芯片的做法越來越多。

Take U.S. company Three Square Market as an example.

以美國三坊市公司為例。

As of last year,  92 of its 196 employees have been microchipped.

截至去年，其196名員工中已有92人植入了芯片。

Three Square says employees can use the chip to pay for office snacks and to enter the building.

三方公司表示，員工可以使用芯片支付辦公室的零食和進入大樓。

But take it a step further, and chips could potentially track employees' lunch breaks

但再進一步，薯片有可能追蹤員工的午休時間。

and if connected to a GPS, they could track their movements too.

如果連接到GPS，他們也可以跟蹤他們的行動。

That's a red flag for the growing number of people concerned about the security of their personal data.

這對於越來越多關注個人數據安全的人來說，是一個危險的信號。

But Steven tells me they've already thought that through.

但史蒂文告訴我，他們已經想好了。

It can be easily read with a mobile phone.

用手機就能輕鬆閱讀。

You can wipe the data, you can change it, you can encrypt it, password protect it.

你可以擦拭數據，可以修改數據，可以加密數據，可以密碼保護數據。

So from our point of view it's probably more safe than having your data in a cloud

所以從我們的角度來看，它可能比把數據放在雲端更安全。

because it's only in your hand, like a memory stick inside your body.

因為它只在你手裡，就像你身體裡的記憶棒。

The OECD says data is a critical resource and could globally drive economies of scale.

經合組織表示，數據是一種重要資源，可以在全球範圍內推動規模經濟的發展。

But to truly realize those gains, instilling trust around our data is a must.

但要真正實現這些收益，圍繞我們的數據灌輸信任是必須的。

And for that, it says governments need to put policies in place to protect individuals and their data.

而對於這一點，它表示政府需要制定政策來保護個人及其數據。

With the working world changing exponentially, only time will tell how these policies can adapt.

隨著工作世界的急劇變化，只有時間才能證明這些政策如何適應。

Thank you so much guys for watching the video.

非常感謝你們觀看視頻。

Comment below and let me know how your working world has changed.

在下面評論，讓我知道你的工作世界是如何改變的。