S presidential election.

斯總統選舉。

The candidate with the most votes wins, right?

得票最多的候選人獲勝，對嗎？

Wrong.

錯了

It's not that simple unless you mean simple isn't stupid because the U.

沒那麼簡單，除非你是說簡單不傻，因為美國。

S presidential voting system is really dumb and it has everything to do with the Electoral College.

S總統投票系統真的很蠢，它與選舉團有關。

In two out of six of the last presidential elections, the Electoral College gave us a president that a majority of the population didn't vote for.

在最近六次總統選舉中，有兩次選舉團給了我們一個大多數人都沒有投票的總統。

That's crazy.

那是瘋狂的。

This is why the Electoral College needs to die in eight minutes.

這就是為什麼選舉團需要在8分鐘內死亡的原因。

Ever wonder why we're always talking about Pennsylvania and Florida?

有沒有想過為什麼我們總是在談論賓夕法尼亞州和佛羅里達州？

Now, as the votes come in, you can see if I press this Pennsylvania turns blue.

現在，隨著選票的到來， 你可以看到，如果我按這個 賓夕法尼亞州變成藍色。

If I press it this way, it turns red, blue, red, blue, red, purple And now now it's broken.

如果我這樣按，它就會變成紅色、藍色、紅色、藍色、紅色、紫色，現在現在它壞了。

Jennifer, my screen broke.

珍妮弗，我的螢幕壞了。

Why does it seem like Onley?

為什麼看起來像安利？

A few states control the entire election.

少數州控制了整個選舉。

What about the voters in California or Louisiana?

那加州或路易斯安那州的選民呢？

Doesn't their vote count for something?

難道他們的票數就不算數嗎？

Our American electoral system is terribly undemocratic, and that's mostly due to the Electoral College and how most states are winner take all before we dive into the history.

我們美國的選舉制度是非常不民主的，這主要是由於選舉團和大多數州是如何贏家通吃之前，我們深入瞭解歷史。

Let's do a quick refresher on how U s presidential elections work.

讓我們快速複習一下美國總統選舉是如何運作的。

So when we go vote, we might be ticking the box next to the candidate of our choice.

所以當我們去投票的時候，我們可能會在我們所選擇的候選人旁邊的方框裡打勾。

But we're not really voting for that candidate were actually voting for an elector that goes to a electoral college, and then they vote for the president.

但我們並不是真的在投票給那個候選人 實際上是在投票給一個選舉團的選民，然後他們投票給總統。

And yes, of course, electors Air supposed to represent the popular will of the state.

是的，當然，選舉人應該代表國家的民意。

But that's not always the case.

但情況並非總是如此。

There was this thing called a faithless elector, for example, in 2016 to Texan electors refused to vote for Trump and instead cast votes for Governor Kasich and Ron Paul.

有這個東西叫無信選民，比如2016年到德克薩斯的選民拒絕投票給特朗普，而是投給州長卡西奇和羅恩-保羅。

Now, that's not the only way electors have or could fail to represent the will of the people.

現在，這不是選舉人有或可能無法代表人民意願的唯一方式。

And that's because it's actually up to the state to decide how electors work.

而這是因為選民的工作方式其實是由國家來決定的。

Sure, most states go with majority takes all but a state could decide that due to perceive voter fraud or in an attempt to take advantage of delays in the vote count and so they could move to appoint their own electors.

當然，大多數州都採用多數制，但一個州可能會因為認為選民有舞弊行為，或為了利用點票的延誤而決定這樣做，是以他們可以任命自己的選民。

Regardless of the vote outcome, check out the Constitution.

不管投票結果如何，看看憲法。

Article two.

第二條.

Why does it seem like some states hold more power than other states?

為什麼看起來有些州比其他州擁有更多的權力？

The Constitution requires a group of electors to form every four years for the sole purpose of electing a president and vice president of the United States.

憲法要求每四年組成一個選舉人小組，其唯一目的是選舉美國總統和副總統。

Spelled out in Article two, Section one of the Constitution.

在《憲法》第二條第一節中明確規定：

Each state is to receive the same number of electors as they have representatives in Congress.

每個州獲得的選舉人數量與他們在國會的代表數量相同。

You take the total number of representatives plus two senators.

你把眾議員的總數加上兩個參議員。

That adds up to a total of 538 electors, so you currently need 270 to win.

加起來總共有538名選民，所以你目前需要270名選民才能獲勝。

Unfortunately, with the system, every vote counts does not mean that every vote counts equally.

遺憾的是，在這個制度下，每張票都算數，並不意味著每張票都同樣重要。

For example, Wyoming has three electoral votes and a population of around 580,000.

例如，懷俄明州有三張選舉人票，人口約58萬。

Compare that to California, a state that has 55 electoral votes and around 39.5 million residents.

與加州相比，該州擁有55張選舉人票，約3950萬居民。

Those numbers suggest that an individual bone, Wyoming, is 3.7 times more influential than an individual vote in California.

這些數字表明，懷俄明州一個個體骨子裡的影響力是加州一個個體選票的3.7倍。

And that being said, we never talk about Wyoming or California because they're not swing states.

話雖如此，我們從不談論懷俄明州或加州，因為它們不是搖擺州。

So in that respect, it would make sense of either had residents that felt like their vote didn't matter.

所以從這個角度來說，要麼有居民覺得自己的投票不重要，這才是有意義的。

Look, it's confusing, and even our president has flip flopped on his feelings on the Electoral College when he's certainly been one of the biggest beneficiaries of its inequality.

你看，這很混亂，甚至我們的總統也對選舉團的感受產生了懷疑，而他無疑是選舉團不平等的最大受益者之一。

In 2012, the president tweeted about his disdain for the Electoral College, saying the Electoral College is a disaster for democracy.

2012年，總統在推特上發表了對選舉團的不屑一顧，稱選舉團是民主的災難。

And then four years later, just days after his win, he tweets.

四年後，就在他獲勝後幾天，他發了一條微博。

The Electoral College is actually genius, and then it brings all states, including the smaller ones, into play.

選舉團其實是天才，然後把所有的州，包括小州都納入進來。

Campaigning is much different.

競選活動則大不相同。

Then President Trump appeared on Fox and Friends in 2018, appearing to flip flop yet again.

隨後，特朗普總統在2018年出現在《福克斯和朋友》節目中，似乎又要翻臉了。

It's an election based on the Electoral College.

這是一個基於選舉團的選舉。

I would rather have the popular vote because it's to me.

我寧可要民選，因為它對我。

It's much.

這是多。

It's a totally different set of goals.

這是一套完全不同的目標。

And Donald Trump's not the only sometimes critic of the Electoral College.

而唐納德-特朗普不是唯一一個有時責備選舉團的人。

The Electoral College has received MAWR proposed constitutional amendments than any other topic.

選舉團收到MAWR提出的憲法修正案比其他任何主題都多。

And to find out why it's important to look at how it all began.

而要想知道原因，就得看看這一切是如何開始的。

The Electoral College was created at the Constitutional Convention of 17 87 so on Lee White property owning men could vote at the time, but they still didn't trust them to make smart choices on their own.

選舉團是在17 87年的制憲會議上建立的，所以在李白財產擁有者當時可以投票，但他們仍然不相信他們會自己做出聰明的選擇。

They wanted a middleman.

他們想要一箇中間人。

Now this is where it gets a little dark.

現在，這是它變得有點黑暗的地方。

Because slavery had a huge impact on the formation of the Electoral College, most voters white landowning males lived in the north because Southern states spot for the 3/5 compromise in which the apportionment for each date was the state's population, plus 3/5 of its enslaved population.

因為奴隸制對選舉團的形成有巨大的影響，大多數選民白人地主男性都住在北方，因為南方各州現貨為3/5妥協，每個日期的分配是該州的人口，加上3/5的被奴役人口。

Southern states had on overall larger population and therefore MAWR electors.

南方各州總體上人口較多，是以MAWR選民較多。

So, compared to the North, the votes of relatively few Southern individuals held more weight.

所以，與北方相比，南方相對較少的個人的選票更有分量。

Probably not surprisingly, four of the five first presidents were from Virginia, the state with the largest slave population.

可能並不奇怪，五位首任總統中有四位來自弗吉尼亞州，該州是奴隸人口最多的地方。

Just as every state has two senators, regardless of its size, you can see how this system favors smaller states.

就像每個州都有兩名參議員一樣，無論其大小，你都可以看到這種制度是如何有利於小州的。

In the 19th century, twice the electoral vote winner was not the popular vote winner.

在19世紀，兩次獲得選舉票的人不是普選票的人。

This is a phenomenon called electoral inversion.

這就是所謂的選舉倒置現象。

First in 18 76 with Rutherford B.

1876年首次與盧瑟福．

Hayes, the Democrat Samuel Tilden won 51% of the popular vote, compared to 48% for Hayes.

海斯，民主黨人塞繆爾-蒂爾登贏得了51%的普選票，而海斯只有48%。

But four states Florida, South Carolina, Louisiana and Oregon all had contested elections, so no.

但佛羅里達州、南卡羅來納州、路易斯安那州和俄勒岡州四個州都有競爭性選舉，所以沒有。

11 those state electors, How did they decide who won in the compromise of 18 77.

11個州的選舉人 他們是如何決定誰在1877年的妥協中獲勝的？

Hayes was given the contestant electors in return for Republicans withdrawing troops from the South, essentially ending reconstruction.

海斯獲得了競選者，以換取共和黨人從南方撤軍，基本結束重建。

Then again, in 18 88 Benjamin Harrison narrowly carried swing states to win the majority of electors, even though his Democratic rival, Grover Cleveland, won a higher percentage of the popular vote.

再如，在18 88年，本傑明-哈里森以微弱的優勢帶著搖擺州贏得了大多數選民，儘管他的民主黨對手格羅弗-克利夫蘭贏得了更高比例的普選票。

Now, in our more recent history, there's 2016 when we know.

現在，在我們比較近的歷史上，有2016年的時候，我們知道。

Then there's 2000, when the Supreme Court stopped the Florida recount, ultimately giving Bush the Florida electors and the presidency, even though Gore won the popular vote.

還有2000年，最高法院停止了佛羅里達州的重新計票，最終讓布什獲得了佛羅里達州的選民和總統職位，儘管戈爾贏得了普選票。

And it's not like we haven't tried to fix this before.

而且我們之前也不是沒有嘗試過解決這個問題。

In 1969 there was a bipartisan effort to get rid of the Electoral College.

1969年，兩黨努力擺脫選舉團。

That amendment actually passed in the House, but it was filibustered in the Senate by segregation of Southern states that didn't want to give the North too much power.

這個修正案實際上在眾議院通過了，但在參議院被不想給北方太多權力的南方各州的種族隔離所阻撓。

And yes, this is all confusing and frustrating.

是的，這一切都讓人困惑和沮喪。

As Cornell professor Josh Chafetz put it, the Electoral College is worse than merely useless.

正如康奈爾大學教授Josh Chafetz所言，選舉團不僅僅是無用的，更糟糕。

Its primary function is to mala portion political power, and it does so indeed has always done so with strikingly awful consequences.

它的主要功能是削弱政治權力，而且它這樣做確實一直都有驚人的可怕後果。

so, Yeah, Electoral College is stupid, but what can we do about it?

所以，是的，選舉團是愚蠢的， 但我們能做些什麼？

I mean, can we change it?

我的意思是，我們可以改變它？

Overhauling the Electoral college system would be, ah, lengthy and complicated process.

徹底改革選舉團制度將是，啊，漫長而複雜的過程。

It would require a constitutional amendment with approval from two thirds of the House of Representatives, two thirds of the Senate and 3/4 of the states.

這將需要憲法修正案，並得到眾議院三分之二、參議院三分之二和3/4州的準許。

And that's a big ass, especially considering the last amendment that passed was the 27th in 1992 nearly 30 years ago.

而這是一個大屁股，特別是考慮到上一次通過的修正案是1992年的第27號修正案，將近30年前。

It's also less likely that an amendment whatever passed because Republicans concede, e that they're benefiting from these electoral inversions.

修正案無論通過的可能性也較小，因為共和黨人承認，e他們正從這些選舉反轉中獲益。

But there are other options.

但還有其他選擇。

There's the National Popular Vote Initiative, whose objective is to get states to sign onto a compact that would effectively abolish the Electoral College without a constitutional amendment.

有 "全國民眾投票倡議"，其目標是讓各州簽署一項契約，在不修改憲法的情況下有效廢除選舉團。

Any state signing onto this compact would simply agree to award their electors to the candidate winning the national popular vote.

簽署這一契約的任何一個州都只是同意將其選民授予贏得全國普選的候選人。

As many as 15 states plus D.

多達15個州加D。

C have already signed on.

C已經簽約。