greatest Dane of all, Scooby-Doo. No, it’s Hamlet.

最偉大的丹麥人，史酷比。不，是哈姆雷特

So Hamlet is either a 16h or 17th century play, we’re not positive. The Tragedy of

所以哈姆雷特是16h還是17世紀的劇本，我們不確定。悲劇的

Hamlet, Prince of Denmark was written by William Shakespeare sometime between 1599 and 1602

哈姆雷特，丹麥王子》是威廉-莎士比亞在1599年至1602年間寫的。

and it’s considered by many to be Shakespeare’s best work, even better than Timon of Athens

它被許多人認為是莎士比亞最好的作品，甚至比《雅典的提蒙》還要好

or Cymbeline. Mr. Green, Mr. Green, I know Hamlet’s like

或者辛伯林格林先生，格林先生，我知道哈姆雷特就像...

super famous and important and everything, but isn’t it basically just like a super

超有名氣和重要的一切，但它是不是基本上只是像一個超

long play about a guy who never makes up his mind?

長劇關於一個永遠不會下定決心的人？

Well, Me From The Past, some argue that Hamlet doesn’t have trouble making up his mind

好吧，《來自過去的我》，有人認為，哈姆雷特並沒有下定決心的問題。

so much as he has trouble executing his vision. More specifically, executing his uncle.

以至於他難以執行他的設想。更確切地說，是執行他的叔叔。

Then again, Me From The Past, many of us would argue that Hamlet does struggle to make decisions,

話說回來，《來自過去的我》，我們很多人都會認為，哈姆雷特確實在努力做決定。

but the decisions he has to make are quite difficult. I mean this is a play about justice

但他要做的決定是相當困難的。我的意思是這是一出關於正義的戲

and revenge and your conscience, and your place in the social order, and once again

和復仇和你的良心，以及你在社會秩序中的地位，並再次

deeply uncomfortable feelings about mothers. Intro

對母親深深的不舒服的感覺。介紹

So, Shakespeare based Hamlet on a medieval Scandinavian tale chronicled by everyone’s

所以，莎士比亞根據中世紀斯堪的納維亞的故事改編的《哈姆雷特》，記載了大家的

favorite Danish historian Saxo Grammaticus, pictured here, depending on your world view

達摩祖師爺

as either Santa Claus or God. But shakespeare probably knew the tale from

作為聖誕老人或上帝。但莎士比亞可能知道這個故事，從。

contemporary plays rather than like actual Danish history because up to that point had

當代戲劇，而不是像實際的丹麥歷史，因為在這一點上，已經。

been mostly about Vikings and pastries. Actually, that’s still mostly what it is.

主要是關於維京人和糕點。其實，這主要還是它的本質。

So Saxo tells the story of Prince Amleth, a kid who he sees his uncle murder his father.

於是，薩克森講述了阿姆萊思王子的故事，一個孩子，他看到他的叔叔謀殺了他的父親。

And then young Amleth bides his time and pretends to be crazy in order to lull his uncle into

然後，年輕的阿姆萊思等待時機，假裝瘋癲，以哄騙他的舅舅

a false sense of security. And then, as soon as he’s grown up, Amleth slaughters his

一種虛假的安全感。然後，他一長大，阿姆萊思就把他的...

uncle with his father’s sword. Amleth by the way, 80% of the way to being

舅舅用他父親的劍。阿姆萊思順便說一下，八成是被。

Pig Latin for Hamlet. Anyway, it’s interesting to know that background

豬的拉丁語是哈姆雷特的意思。總之，知道了這個背景，很有意思。

because it makes you think about the changes that Shakespeare makes to that story which

因為它讓你想到莎士比亞對這個故事的改變，這一點

indicates something about what’s really important to Shakespeare.

表明了一些關於莎士比亞真正重要的東西。

For instance, Hamlet isn’t unable to kill his uncle because he’s young. And he doesn’t

比如，哈姆雷特並不是因為年輕而無法殺死他的叔叔。他也不是

actually see his uncle murder his father. So basically, Shakespeare was introducing

實際上，看到他的叔叔 謀殺他的父親。所以，基本上，莎士比亞是介紹

ambiguity into the story which is kind of Shakespeare’s specialty.

模糊的故事，這是一種莎士比亞的專長。

So Hamlet is Shakespeare’s most popular play, in fact, it’s perhaps the only one

所以哈姆雷特是莎士比亞最受歡迎的劇目，事實上，它可能是唯一一部

to have been consistently performed since it debuted. It’s also, very long.

以至於自出道以來，一直都在持續演出。這也是，非常長。

Like when Kenneth Branagh attempted to film every line the movie lasted more than four

就像當肯尼斯-布拉納試圖拍攝每一句臺詞的電影持續超過四個

hours. Some theatrical productions have gone on as long as six.

小時。有的戲曲演出時間長達6。

The general consensus is that Shakespeare wrote the play so long to satisfy himself,

普遍的共識是，莎士比亞寫這麼長的劇本是為了滿足自己。

and he knew that theatre troupes would just like make it shorter any way they wanted.

他知道劇團想怎麼做就怎麼做。

But it’s also possible that he thought that by keeping the audience at the theater for

但也有可能他認為，只要把觀眾留在劇場裡，為

longer, would help him to sell more mutton pies at the concession stand. We have to remember

更長的時間，會幫助他在優惠攤位上賣出更多的羊肉餅。我們要記住

that art is also commerce. But this whole link thing brings us to the

藝術也是商業但這整個聯繫的事情讓我們想到了

fact that there are actually three different versions of Hamlet. There are two quartos,

事實上，實際上有三個不同版本的哈姆雷特。有兩個夸父版。

one from 1603 and another from 1604, and then the Folio edition from 1623

一本是1603年的，另一本是1604年的，然後是1623年的對開本。

The second quarto and the folio are somewhat similar, although the first was probably based

第二本四開本和對開本有些相似，雖然第一本可能是基於

on Shakespeare’s notes and the second based on seeing the play in performance.

根據莎士比亞的筆記，第二種是根據看戲的表演。

But the first quarto is known as the “bad quarto,” and not in the sense that it’s

但第一本四分冊被稱為 "壞四分冊"，並不是指它的。

evil, but in the sense that it’s kind of terrible.

邪惡，但在某種意義上，它是一種可怕的。

Historians believe that an actor probably transcribed the first quarto his memory and

歷史學家認為，一個演員可能抄錄了他的記憶和第一四分頁。

that that actor probably only played really small parts. Like Marcellus.

那個演員可能只演了很小的角色。比如馬塞拉斯

You know Marcellus, from “Pulp Fiction”, he’s played by Ving Rhames. What? There’s

你知道 "紙漿小說 "裡的馬塞拉斯嗎？ 他是由Ving Rhames扮演的。什麼？那是...

a Marcellus in Hamlet? Basically, the scenes he was onstage for he

哈姆雷特》中的馬塞洛?基本上，他在舞臺上的場景，他...

remembered pretty well, but the other ones not so much. He was probably that actor who’s

記得很清楚，但其他的就不太清楚了。他可能是那個演員誰的

always mouthing other peoples’ lines. For example, here’s the bad quarto’s “To

總是口口聲聲說著別人的臺詞。比如說，這裡有壞四合院的《致?

be or not to be” speech: “To be, or not to be, that's the point,/ To Die, to sleepe,

是或不是 "的講話。"To be, or not to be, that's the point,/ To Die, to sleepe. "做人，還是不做人，這是關鍵，/To Die, to sleepe,

is that all?” that’s just fantastic. But sometimes the divergences are interesting.

是這樣嗎？"這真是太棒了。但有時分叉的地方也很有趣。

In one version Hamlet wishes that his “too solid flesh” would melt, in another, he

在一個版本中，哈姆雷特希望他的 "太堅實的肉體 "會融化，在另一個版本中，他

talks about his “too sallied flesh” which might mean assailed flesh or might mean sullied

談到他的 "太有禮的肉體"，可能是指被攻擊的肉體，也可能是指被玷汙的肉體。

flesh. Anyway, in all the versions, the plot is the

肉體。總之，在所有的版本中，劇情都是這樣的

same: Hamlet is a grad student who returns home to Elsinore when his father dies and

同：哈姆雷特是一名研究所學生，父親去世後，他回到家鄉愛爾西諾，並。

then his mother Gertrude suddenly marries his uncle Claudius. Claudius takes over as

然後他的母親格特魯德突然嫁給了他的叔叔克勞狄斯。克勞狄斯接任

king even though technically Hamlet should inherit the throne.

國王即使技術上哈姆雷特應該繼承王位。

So a grieving Hamlet deals with this as any grad student would by wearing black, listening

所以，一個悲傷的哈姆雷特處理這個問題，就像任何一個研究所學生一樣，穿上黑衣服，聽著... ...

to sad music, and making long speeches about how he wishes his flesh would melt. Which

伴隨著悲傷的音樂，發表長篇大論，說他多麼希望自己的肉體能夠融化。哪些

spoiler: It eventually will. But then, his father’s ghost appears to

破壞者它最終會。但隨後，他父親的鬼魂出現了。

him and begs Hamlet to revenge his murder by that aforementioned uncle Claudius. Hamlet

他並懇求哈姆雷特為他報仇，被上述那位叔叔克勞狄斯殺害。哈姆雷特

isn’t sure about this. So he pretends to be insane, you know as you do. That buys him

不確定這一點。所以他就假裝自己是個瘋子，你也知道的。這給他買了

some time. He then hires a troupe of players to put on a show that will make Claudius to

一些時間。然後，他僱傭了一個劇團的演員來表演，將使克勞狄斯到。

reveal his guilt, Claudius is indeed overwhelmed with emotion,

露出自己的愧疚，克勞狄斯的確是感慨萬千。

flees the play, Gertrude summons Hamlet to her bedchamber where they have a weirdly intimate

格特魯德逃出了劇組 格特魯德把哈姆雷特叫到她的寢室 他們在那裡進行了一次奇怪的親密接觸。

discussion, until Hamlet hears a noise and in a rare decisive moment stabs the curtain.

討論，直到哈姆雷特聽到一個聲音，並在難得的決定性時刻刺破窗簾。

Oh, but it’s not my uncle, it’s Polonius.

哦，但不是我叔叔，是波洛尼烏斯。

Polonius, who was never brief despite saying that, “brevity is the soul of wit.”

波洛尼烏斯，儘管他說過 "簡潔是機智的靈魂"，但他從不簡短。

And then also famously said, “to thine own self be true” and you know, proceeded to

然後還說了一句名言："對你自己要真實"，你知道，接著是

not be terribly true to himself. So Gertrude decides that Hamlet should get

不是很真實的自己。所以格特魯德決定，哈姆雷特應該獲得

out of town for a while and he sails away and there’s a writ of death and storms and

出城一陣子，他就揚長而去，然後就有了死亡令狀和暴風雪，還有

pirates, and then Hamlet returns only to find that Polonius’s daughter Ophelia has committed

海盜，然後哈姆雷特回來了，卻發現波洛尼烏斯的女兒奧菲利亞已經犯了

suicide and that her brother Laertes is kind of mad at Hamlet.

自殺，而她的哥哥勞特斯對哈姆雷特有點生氣。

So Claudius schedules a fencing match between Laertes and Hamlet, poisoning Laertes’s

於是，克勞狄斯安排了勞特斯和哈姆雷特之間的擊劍比賽，在勞特斯的身上下毒。

sword and Hamlet’s wine. Hamlet is stabbed, but manages to wound Laertes

劍和哈姆雷特的酒。哈姆雷特被刺傷了，但他成功地傷到了拉埃特斯。

while Gertrude downs the fatal wine. And then, once everyone is dead or dying Hamlet decides

而格特魯德則喝下了致命的酒。然後，一旦每個人都死了或垂死，哈姆雷特決定

that, now, is finally a good time to stab Claudius.

現在，終於是刺殺克勞狄斯的好時機。

Basically, all the Danes die. Except Horatio of course because you need someone to say,

基本上，所有的丹麥人都會死。當然除了霍雷肖，因為你需要有人說。

“Good night sweet prince: And flights of angels sing thee to thy rest!”

"晚安，親愛的王子，天使的飛翔為你歌唱，讓你安息！"

What kind of place is this Denmark where people have stunningly un-Danish names like Claudius

丹麥是個什麼樣的地方？ 人們的名字都不像丹麥人的名字，比如克勞狄斯

and Polonius. Well, let’s go to the Thought Bubble.

和波洛尼烏斯。好吧，讓我們去思想保麗龍。

So, throughout the play, Claudius is building up an army to take on Norway and Denmark is

所以，在整部劇中，克勞狄斯正在建立一支軍隊來對付挪威，而丹麥是

caught in a strange limbo between war and not war. As often happens, the specter of

陷入了戰爭與非戰爭之間的奇怪困境。常常發生的情況是：

external enemies leads the ruling powers to search for enemies within, and we see a lot

外敵導致統治者內部尋找敵人，我們看到很多的

of examples of Elsinore as a surveillance society. Like, Hamlet’s not wrong when he

的例子，埃爾西諾爾是一個監視社會。就像，哈姆雷特沒有錯，當他...

tells Rosencrantz and Guildenstern “Denmark’s a prison.”

告訴羅森克蘭茨和吉爾登斯特恩 "丹麥是一座監獄"

The characters are closely watching each other; I mean Gertrude and Claudius are watching

人物都在密切注視著對方，我是說格特魯德和克勞狄斯在注視著對方

Hamlet, so is Polonius, though he’s awfully bad at it. Hamlet’s schoolmates, Rosencrantz

哈姆雷特，波洛尼烏斯也是如此，雖然他的表現非常糟糕。哈姆雷特的同學，羅森克蘭茨。

and Guildenstern are watching him closely as Claudius is encouraging them to spy while

克勞狄斯和吉爾登斯特恩密切注視著他，因為克勞狄斯正在鼓勵他們進行間諜活動，而

they throw back Danish grog and talk about girls. Ophelia is watching Hamlet, too, but

他們喝著丹麥酒，談論著女孩。奧菲利亞也在看哈姆雷特，但是...

Hamlet isn’t watching her, because he’s too busy staring at Claudius, trying to figure

哈姆雷特沒在看她 因為他忙著盯著克勞狄斯，想弄明白... ...

out if he really did murder his father and of course Hamlet also spends a lot of time

如果他真的謀殺了他的父親，當然哈姆雷特也花了很多的時間。

watching himself and then reciting anguished soliloquies about it.

看著自己，然後為它朗誦痛苦的獨白。

Personally, in the end, I’m more struck my Hamlet’s narcissism than by his indecisiveness.

就個人而言，到最後，我更打動我的哈姆雷特的自戀，而不是他的優柔寡斷。

Note12_Watching_Hamlet.jpg Anyway, all of this is probably less a criticism

Note12_觀看_哈姆雷特.jpg 總之，這些可能都不是什麼責備的問題。

of Denmark, which is a perfectly nice place full of herring sandwiches and competitive

在丹麥，這是一個非常好的地方，充滿了鯡魚三明治和競爭性的。

handball, than it is a commentary on Elizabethan England, a place notorious for spying and

手球，比它是一個評論伊麗莎白時代的英國，一個臭名昭著的地方，以間諜和

also the place where Shakespeare actually lived. There were all sorts of anti-royal,

也是莎士比亞真正居住的地方。有各種反皇。

anti-Catholic conspiracies going and Elizabeth I ran a whole network of spies to help discover

反天主教的陰謀，伊麗莎白一世運行了一個完整的間諜網絡來幫助發現。

them—sort of like M in James Bond, but with more tiaras. Even Christopher Marlowe, Shakespeare’s

他們--有點像007裡的M，但有更多的頭飾。即使是克里斯托弗-馬洛，莎士比亞筆下的Christopher Marlowe

rival and one of the most badass playwright’s ever, was a spy. So the court of Elsinore

競爭對手和有史以來最壞的劇作家之一，是個間諜。所以Elsinore的宮廷

can be read as a commentary on Shakespeare’s own environment, in which being tried and

可以理解為莎士比亞對自己所處環境的評論，在這種環境下，被審判和。

beheaded for secret treason was kind of a national pastime.

因祕密叛國而被斬首是一種國家消遣。

Thanks, Thought Bubble. So Hamlet is a play about watching and being watched. Something

謝謝，思想泡泡。所以哈姆雷特是一出關於觀察和被觀察的戲。一些

that we’re all pretty familiar with these days, but it’s also a play about doubling

我們現在都很熟悉的，但這也是一部關於雙倍的戲。

and mirroring. This is a common Shakespearian thing but it

和鏡像。這是莎士比亞常見的事情，但它是

gets to some really core questions about being a person.

得到一些關於做人的真正核心問題。

Like are people really capable of change, can they become different people over time,

比如人真的能夠改變嗎，能不能隨著時間的推移變成不同的人。

and when you look in the mirror are you seeing the person that is actually you? Are you the

當你照鏡子的時候，你看到的是真正的你嗎？你是

person you imagine yourself to be? So, there are at least two Hamlets in this

你把自己想象成的人？所以，這裡面至少有兩個哈姆雷特。

play, right, there is the old dead King Hamlet who goes around haunting the Elsinore battlements

戲吧，有一個老死不相往來的哈姆雷特國王，他在埃爾西諾爾的城牆上鬧騰。

and our hero who is supposed to avenge that old Hamlet .

而我們的英雄應該為老哈姆雷特報仇...

But the living Hamlet is also split into two people: the one who wants to kill Claudius

但活著的哈姆雷特也分為兩個人：一個是要殺克勞狄斯的人。

and the one who’s like, “You know maybe not. Maybe I should just be a grad student.”

和一個誰的喜歡， "你知道，也許不是，也許我應該只是一個研究所學生。也許我應該只是一個研究所學生。"

And some critics argue that the Hamlet who returns home from the pirate adventure is

而有的評論家認為，從海盜歷險中歸來的哈姆雷特是

yet another person, because he is a very different guy from the one who left.

卻是另一個人，因為他和離開的那個人截然不同。

And you can even see Ophelia as a kind of extreme, subversive double for Hamlet, like

你甚至可以把奧菲利亞看作是哈姆雷特的一種極端的、顛覆性的替身，就像

what Hamlet might be like if he were robbed of all power and agency.

如果哈姆雷特被剝奪了所有權力和代理權，他可能會是什麼樣子。

And then obviously when the actors perform their play The Murder of Gonzago, they’re

然後很明顯，當演員們表演他們的戲劇《岡薩戈謀殺案》時，他們是

mirroring all the recent events in Elsinore. But it’s not a regular mirror right. It’s

反映了最近在Elsinore發生的所有事件。但這不是一面普通的鏡子吧。它是

kind of a funhouse mirror. But ultimately, it’s not just…. oh no!

某種有趣的鏡子。但歸根結底，這不僅僅是......哦，不!

My desk is moving! That must mean it’s time for the open letter!

我的桌子在動！那一定意味著是時候寫公開信了!

An open letter to Simba. Hey there Simba, let’s take a look at the 1990s adaptation

給辛巴的一封公開信。嘿，辛巴，讓我們來看看上世紀90年代的改編作品吧

of Hamlet that DIDN’T star Mel Gibson. The one starring you - The Lion King.

《哈姆雷特》中沒有梅爾-吉布森主演的那部。你主演的那部《獅子王》。

Simba? Hamlet Mufasa? Recently murdered king.

辛巴？哈姆雷特-穆法薩？最近被謀殺的國王。

Scar? Claudius Mufasa in the sky and smoke? Oviously, Ghost.

疤?克勞迪烏斯-穆法薩在天空和煙?顯然，鬼。

Nala? Ophelia The Elephant Graveyard? England. Or maybe

娜拉？奧菲利亞《大象墳場》？英國或者...

the actual graveyard with the last poor Yorick whom I knew well.

真正的墓地，有我熟悉的最後一個可憐的約裡克。

The point is: YOU MUST NEVER GO THERE, SIMBA. Sorry, I don’t have a good James Earl Jones.

重點是:你絕對不能去那裡,辛巴.對不起,我沒有一個好的詹姆斯-厄爾-瓊斯.

Best wishes, John Green. So anyway, it’s not just one mirror, but

祝福你，約翰-格林。所以不管怎麼說，這不僅僅是一面鏡子，而是... ...

many, that reflect Hamlet’s trouble figuring out what kind of a man he is and how he should

很多，這反映了哈姆雷特不知道自己是一個什麼樣的人，應該如何

act. These mirrors also underscore the perpetual cycle of violence at the heart of the revenge

的行為。這些鏡子也強調了復仇的核心是暴力的永久循環。

tragedy which you’ll no doubt remember from our talk of ancient Greek stories.

悲劇，你肯定還記得我們講過的古希臘故事。

There is, literally, always another Hamlet. Like in these tragedies the desire for vengeance

從字面上看，總有另一個哈姆雷特。就像在這些悲劇中，復仇的慾望一樣。

ultimately corrupts the revenger and he or she has to die, too. Each murder has to be

最終腐蝕了復仇者，他或她也必須死。每一起謀殺案都必須

answered for with another murder until we are out of people who can die.

再來一次謀殺，直到我們沒有人可以死。

A good example of this unending violence is old Hamlet’s ghost, who can’t rest in

哈姆雷特的老鬼就是一個很好的例子，他在這種無休止的暴力中無法休息

this grave until he’s avenged. Now, the critics Andrew Bennett and Nicholas Royle

這座墳墓，直到他報了仇。現在，評論家安德魯-班尼特和尼古拉斯-羅伊爾。

describe ghosts as “the very embodiment of strange repetition or recurrence: it is

將鬼魂描述為 "奇怪的重複或重現的體現：它是......"。

a revenant, it comes back” Okay, but it comes back from where? Like ghosts

好吧，但它從哪裡回來？就像鬼魂一樣

don’t really fit into Hamlet’s understanding of death. He describes death as “The undiscover’d

不太符合哈姆雷特對死亡的理解。他把死亡描述為 "未被發現的

country, from whose born / No traveller returns.” Except his dad, apparently.

"國家，從它出生的人/沒有旅行者回來。"顯然，除了他的父親。

In fact, one way to read it is that the ghost’s fate is in some ways aligned with Catholic

其實，有一種解讀是，鬼魂的命運在某種程度上與天主教的

purgatory, “confin’d to fast in fires / till the foul crimes done in my days of

煉獄，"在火中禁食/直到我的日子裡所做的骯髒罪行。

nature / are burnt and purg’d away.” And Hamlet seems to fear something similar, “For

自然界/被燒燬和淨化了。"而哈姆雷特似乎也在擔心類似的事情，"For

in that sleep of death what dreams may come.” Though it’s also worth nothing that Hamlet

在那死亡的睡眠中，可能會出現什麼夢境。"雖然這也不值一提，哈姆雷特...

wonders if the ghost really is his father. Hamlet has to ask if the ghost is a “spirit

想知道鬼魂是否真的是他的父親。哈姆雷特要問，如果鬼魂是一個 "精神

of health or goblin damn'd.” Regardless, the ghost makes Hamlet wonder

的健康或妖精該死的。"無論如何，鬼魂讓哈姆雷特懷疑

about the consequences of his actions. I mean here’s Hamlet saying, “Can this ghost

關於他的行為的後果。我的意思是，這裡的哈姆雷特說， "可以這個鬼魂，

(who’s name I remind you is Hamlet) be trusted? Is justice the business of people or God.

(我提醒你，他的名字叫哈姆雷特)值得信任嗎？正義是人的事還是神的事。

Now obviously there are no easy answers to those questions but earthly justice is clearly

現在很明顯，這些問題沒有簡單的答案，但世俗的正義顯然是。

corrupted—I mean Claudius has usurped the kingdom and there’s evidence that old King

我是說克勞狄斯篡奪了王位 有證據表明老國王...

Hamlet might not have been the greatest ruler either.

哈姆雷特可能也不是最偉大的統治者。

And Claudius is already being punished spiritually, although it’s not clear whether it comes

而克勞迪烏斯已經受到了精神上的懲罰，雖然不清楚這是否來自於

from himself or from god, but at one point he tries to pray and finds that he actually

從他自己或上帝，但在一個點上，他試圖祈禱，並發現他其實

can’t: “My words fly up, my thoughts remain below / words without thought never to heaven

不能："我的文字飛上天，我的思想留在下面/沒有思想的文字永遠到不了天邊

go,” Now prayer was seen as cleansing and in that

去，"現在，禱告被看作是潔淨，在這一點上。

scene Hamlet decides not to kill Claudius because he believes that Claudius is praying

哈姆雷特決定不殺克勞狄斯，因為他認為克勞狄斯在祈禱

and therefore will be cleansed of his sin and will go straight to heaven if Hamlet killed

是以，如果哈姆雷特殺了人，他的罪過就會得到洗刷，就會直接上天堂。

him right then. And that wouldn’t be fair! Of course, actually,

他的權利，然後。那就不公平了!當然，其實。

if he’d just killed Claudius in that moment due to the thoughts not going up to heaven

如果他在那一刻因為思念不上天而殺了克勞狄烏斯的話

everything would’ve been fine. I mean not for Claudius, but you know, for justice.

一切都會好起來的我的意思是，不是為了克勞迪烏斯，但你知道，為了正義。

So should Hamlet act? Should he let diving justice take its course? Does divine justice

那麼哈姆雷特該不該行動？他是否應該讓潛水的正義發揮其作用？難道神聖的正義

only work through people? Even I can’t decide! But Mr Green, Mr Green, in the end how does

只通過人工作？連我都無法決定!但是，格林先生，格林先生，到底是怎樣的

Hamlet make up his mind though? Well, Me From the Past, when he finally makes

哈姆雷特雖然下了決心？好吧，《過去的我》，當他終於做出了

up his mind he’s dieing, right? He has like seconds left to live.

在他的腦海中，他是死的，對不對？他還有幾秒鐘的時間可以活

Ultimately, Hamlet is a great play for its aphorisms, and its language, and its ambiguity,

歸根結底，《哈姆雷特》是一部偉大的戲劇，因為它的格言，它的語言，它的含蓄。

but also because it brilliantly captures the fact that we do not know what we are doing.

但也因為它出色地抓住了我們不知道自己在做什麼的事實。

Hamlet doesn’t struggle to decide a course of action because he’s young or because

哈姆雷特並沒有因為自己的年輕而掙扎著決定行動的方向，也沒有因為。

he’s an academic or because he’s a narcissist. He struggles because he’s human.

他是一個學者或因為他是一個自戀的人。他掙扎，因為他是人類。

We’ll continue our discussion of him and the play next week. Thanks for watching. I’ll

下週我們將繼續討論他和這部劇。謝謝你的觀看。我將...

see you then. Crash Course is made by all of these nice

到時見。速成班是由所有這些漂亮的

people and it exists because of your support at Subbable.com including Subbable subscriber,

人，它的存在是因為您在Subbable.com的支持，包括Subbable的訂閱者。