Renae Moran: Hello. My name is Renae Moran and I'm the tree fruit specialist at the University

Renae Moran:你好，我叫Renae Moran我叫Renae Moran，我是大學的樹果專家。

of Maine. We're here at the Agricultural Experiment Station in Monmouth. We call it the Highmoor

緬因州的。我們在這裡的農業實驗站 在蒙茅斯。我們稱它為 "Highmoor

Farm.

農場。

Today we're going to have a demonstration on pruning apple trees. It is the dormant

今天我們'要進行蘋果樹的修剪示範。這是休眠期的

season, the best time of the year to do the majority of pruning for our fruit trees. You

季節，是一年中為我們的果樹進行大部分修剪的最佳時期。你

want to prune your fruit trees between January and before growth starts in spring. We're

想要在1月和春季開始生長之前修剪果樹。我們'是

in the month of April right now, which is an ideal time for pruning because a lot of

在現在的4月份，這是一個理想的修剪時間，因為許多的

the snow has gone, but growth has not yet started.

積雪已去，但生長還未開始。

Before pruning, it's important to know why you are pruning your fruit trees. There are

在修剪之前，知道自己為什麼要修剪果樹很重要。有

several reasons for pruning fruit trees that are part of a hobby orchard.

修剪屬於愛好果園的果樹的幾個原因。

Today we're going to prune this fruit tree to improve fruit production. But some people

今天我們'要對這棵果樹進行修剪，提高果實產量。但是有些人

have apple trees that are a part of a landscape. In that case, you would prune fruit trees

有蘋果樹，是景觀的一部分。在這種情況下，你會修剪果樹。

for aesthetic reasons, because of the shape of the tree and because of the flowers of

出於美學的原因，因為樹的形狀，因為花的形狀

the tree.

的樹。

But this tree, we'll prune for improved fruit production. To do that, we're going to prune

但這棵樹，我們'將修剪以提高果實產量。為了做到這一點，我們將修剪

it so that it gets the most amount of sunlight throughout the tree canopy.

使其在整個樹冠上獲得最多的陽光。

The tree behind me has already been pruned. When we pruned this tree, the first thing

我身後的這棵樹已經被修剪過了。當我們修剪這棵樹的時候，第一件事...

we did was to select which limbs to keep, and then to prune the rest of the tree so

我們做的是選擇要保留的樹枝，然後修剪其餘的樹，這樣一來

that each limb gets the most amount of sunlight as possible, without over-pruning the tree.

儘可能讓每個樹枝都能得到最多的陽光，而不至於過度修剪。

This tree has a typical shape for a semi-dwarf apple tree. It's a cone-shaped tree, where

這棵樹具有半矮化蘋果樹的典型形狀。它是一棵圓錐狀的樹，其中

the lower limbs are the longest limbs on the tree and the upper limbs are shorter than

下肢是樹上最長的肢體，上肢短於

the tree. There's only one main trunk or leader to the tree.

的樹。有'的只有一個主幹或上司的樹。

This type of training gets the most amount of sunlight throughout the entire tree canopy.

這種訓練在整個樹冠上獲得的陽光量最多。

You'll notice that the lower limbs don't have other limbs growing right on top of them.

你'會注意到，下肢沒有其他肢體長在它們的正上方。

Those were pruned out or were not allowed to grow, and the upper limbs have been shortened

那些被修剪掉的或不允許生長的，上肢已經被縮短了

so that they're not growing down and into the lower limbs.

以免他們'長到下肢。

The tree is pruned back in the top to be a certain height. The height would be a personal

樹的頂部修剪回一定的高度。這個高度將是個人

preference, usually based on how tall your ladder is or how high you're willing to reach

喜好，通常基於你的梯子有多高或你願意達到多高'。

into the tree.

到樹上。

You'll also notice that the limbs have been pruned so that things growing underneath or

你還會注意到，四肢已經被修剪過，所以，生長在下面的東西或

growing in a downward fashion have been pruned off, and shoots that are growing straight

向下生長的嫩枝被修剪掉了，而直生的嫩枝則被修剪掉了。

up are no longer in this tree. This vertical or hooked-downward growing orientation cuts

了都不在這棵樹上了。這種垂直或鉤狀向下的生長方向削減了它的生長空間。

out a lot of sunlight, and these types of branches don't produce the best fruit. So

出了很多的陽光，這些類型的枝條不'產生最好的水果。所以

they get pruned out.

他們得到修剪出來。

Then at some point, you have to know when to stop pruning to prevent yourself from over-pruning

那麼在某些時候，你必須知道什麼時候停止修剪，以防止自己修剪過度

the tree. You don't want to prune out any more than one-third of the total tree canopy.

的樹。你不'想修剪掉任何超過三分之一的總樹冠。

Otherwise, you could end up overly invigorating the remaining growth on the tree so that the

否則，你可能最終會過度地激發樹上剩餘的生長，從而使

tree produces too many water sprouts the following season.

樹木在下一季產生過多的水芽。

Woman: There are two basic types of pruning cuts, heading cuts, and thinning cuts. To

女人。有兩種基本的修剪方式，頭狀剪和疏剪。要

make a thinning cut you would remove the shoot or limb at its base where it joins the previous

疏剪時，你會在它的基部與前一棵樹連接的地方去除嫩枝或枝條。

growth like this.

這樣的增長。

When you're making a thinning cut it's best to prune back as much of it as possible into

當你'正在進行疏剪時，最好將其儘可能地修剪成。

the crown or the circles surrounding the base of that shoot, this prevents the regrowth

嫩枝的冠部或基部周圍的圓圈，這可以防止重新生長。

of water sprouts. The smaller the stump you leave, the fewer water sprouts you should

的水芽。留出的樹樁越小，水芽越少，應該是

have next year. Pruning back into the crown or the collar of the branch helps the pruning

有明年。修剪回到樹冠或枝條的領部，有助於修剪。

cut to heal.

割來醫治。

The other type of pruning cut is a heading cut and in this case you're pruning into the

另一種類型的修剪剪裁是標題剪裁，在這種情況下，你'修剪為

growth, leaving behind the part of that shoot. This would be a one-year-old shoot. A heading

生長，留下該嫩枝的部分。這將是一個一歲的嫩枝。一個標題

cut into that would be like that. When you remove the tip of that shoot it releases these

切入會是這樣的。當你拿掉那個筍尖的時候，它就會釋放出這些。

buds from growth inhibition and you get a bushy type of regrowth the following season.

芽的生長抑制，你會得到一個灌木型的再生季節。

We rarely make this type of pruning cut when we're pruning fruit trees. So in this case

我們在修剪果樹的時候，很少會進行這種類型的修剪切割。所以在這種情況下

I'm going to head it back into the two-year-old section like that. But a more severe type

我'要把它頭回兩歲這樣的部分。但更嚴重的類型

of heading cut would be to be pruning into this section of the limb. We already have

的標題切割將是被修剪到這部分的肢體。我們已經有

branches that have developed. By making a heading cut into this part of the branch we're

已經發展起來的分支。通過將標題切入這部分分支，我們'。

not likely to stimulate the growth of new shoots. So we don't get a profusion to follow.

不可能刺激新芽的生長。所以我們沒有得到一個豐滿的後續。

This type of pruning cut is very useful for making the branches shorter where you have

這種類型的修剪是非常有用的，使枝條更短的地方，你有。

trees growing into each other. A heading cut into the older sections of the branch will

樹木之間相互生長。在枝條的較老部分切入一個標題，將

make it shorter and it's also useful in the top part of the tree to bring the height down.

使其更短，它也有用在樹的頂部部分，使高度下降。

It's also important to pay attention to how many flower buds are on the apple tree when

在蘋果樹上有多少花蕾的時候，也要注意。

you're pruning it to prevent yourself from pruning out too many. Flower buds on an apple

你'修剪它，以防止自己修剪掉太多。蘋果上的花蕾

tree have a characteristic shape that is very different from leaf buds. Flower buds are

樹木的特徵形狀與葉芽截然不同。花芽是

found at the tips of short shoots and spurs. Spurs are just shoots that grew a few inches

發現在短芽和馬刺的尖端。馬刺是隻是芽，長了幾英寸

or less in one season.

或在一個季節內減少。

Flower buds are fat in contrast to leaf buds which are much smaller and shorter or more

花芽肥大，而葉芽則小得多，短得多，或更多。

pointed. Laterally along the shoots and spurs apples normally form leaf buds, in rare instances

尖。沿著芽和刺的側面蘋果通常會形成葉芽，在極少數情況下

they'll form flower buds. So pay attention to how many flower buds the tree has. If it

他們'會形成花蕾。所以要注意這棵樹有多少花芽。如果它

has a lot of flower buds in this year it's OK to prune off a number of these shoots that

有很多花芽在今年它'的確定修剪關閉一些這些嫩枝，

have flower buds.

有花蕾。

We've reached a point where the tree is nearly finished pruning especially on this side.

我們'已經到了樹快修剪完的時候，尤其是這邊。

There's still a lot of shoots on that side that can be pruned out. If you like to have

那一邊還有很多嫩芽可以修剪掉。如果你喜歡有

a lot of flowers on your fruit trees then this would be a great place to stop pruning

如果你的果樹上有很多花，那麼這將是一個停止修剪的好地方。

it. But if you're pruning it to get the best colored, largest fruit this tree could still

它。但如果你'修剪它得到最好的顏色，最大的果實這棵樹仍然可以。

use more pruning.

多用修剪。

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