HISTORIAN, PHILOSOPHER AND BEST SELLING AUTHOR WHOSE BOOKS HAVE

歷史學家、哲學家和最暢銷的作家，他的書已經

SOLD NEARLY 30 MILLION COPIES WORLDWIDE, HIS NEWEST BOOK

全球銷量近3000萬冊，他的新書。

SAPIENS, A GRAPHIC HISTORY IS BRILLIANT AND OUT RIGHT NOW,

SAPIENS, A GRAPHIC HISTORY is BRILLIANT and OUT right now,

PLEASE WELCOME ONE OF THE BRIGHTEST MINDS AN PLANET EARTH,

請歡迎地球上最聰明的人之一。

THE INCREDIBLE YEW VAL NOAH HARARI-- YUVAL NOAH HARARI.

不可思議的YEW VAL NOAH HARARI--YUVAL NOAH HARARI。

THANK YOU FOR COMING BACK ON THE SHOW, WE ARE SO HAPPY.

謝謝你回來上節目，我們很高興。

>> THANK YOU FOR INVITING ME AGAIN.

>> 謝謝你再次邀請我。

>> James: WE WOULD HAVE YOU ON EERY WEEK, JUST FOR ME

>> 詹姆斯。我們每週都會請你來，只為我而來

PERSONALLY FOR MY OWN SENSE OF SELF BECAUSE WE BOTH, I THINK IT

就我個人而言，因為我們都有自我意識，我認為這是我的自我意識。

WAS NEARLY SEVEN MONTHS AGO, ABOUT A MONTH INTO THE PANDEMIC.

差不多7個月前，大約一個月前的泛濫。

>> YES.

>> 是。

>> James: HOW ARE YOU DOING?

>> 詹姆斯。你怎麼做？

WHAT IS THE CURRENT SITUATION IN ISRAEL RIGHT NOW.

以色列目前的局勢是什麼？

>> WELL, I'M DOING FINE, MY HUSBAND IS OKAY, MY FAMILY IS

>> 好吧，我做的很好，我的丈夫是好的，我的家人是。

OKAY.

好的。

BUT MY COUNTRY ISN'T OKAY.

但我的國家並不好。

THE SITUATION BOTH MEDICALLY AND POLITICALLY IS GOING REALLY FROM

醫學和政治的形勢正在發生變化。

BAD TO WORSE.

壞到更壞。

>> WELL YEAH, I MEAN THAT FEELS TRUE OF WHEN I SPEAK TO MY

>> 是的，我的意思是，當我和我的朋友說話時，感覺是真的。

PARENTS IN BRITAIN, IT FEELS TRUE OF WHEN I TURN ON THE NEWS

英國的家長們，當我打開新聞的時候，感覺很真實。

HERE IN AMERICA.

這裡在美國，

I MEAN WE'VE JUST GONE THROUGH A VERY DIFFICULT ICIVE

我是說，我們剛剛經歷了一個非常困難的時期。

PRESIDENTIAL ELECTION-- DIVISIVE PRESIDENTIAL ELECTION HERE.

總統選舉--分裂的總統選舉在這裡。

FROM YOUR PERSPECTIVE, WHAT IS YOUR TAKE ON HOW THIS ELECTION

從你的角度看，你對這次選舉有什麼看法？

HAS PLAYED OUT.

已經打出來了。

>> WELL, ON THE ONE HAND THE GOOD NEWS ASK THAT AS FAR AS CAN

>> 好吧，一方面是好消息，儘可能地問。

I TELL IT WAS ONE OF THE MOST PEACEFUL, IN TERMS OF THE

我告訴你，這是一個最和平的，在術語的。

ABSENCE OF PHYSICAL VIOLENCE.

不存在身體暴力；

>> James: YEAH.

>> 詹姆斯。YEAH.

>> WHICH IS A VERY GOOD SIGN.

>> 這是一個非常好的信號。

ON THE OTHER HAND, YEAH, THE LEVEL OF NOT JUST HATRED BETWEEN

另一方面，是的，水準不僅仇恨之間的

AMERICAN CITIZENS IS REALLY ALARMING.

美國公民是真正的警報。

YOU KNOW, IN PREVIOUS, I DON'T KNOW, 50 YEARS AGO, AMERICANS OF

你知道，在以前，我不知道，50年前，美國人的。

ALL POLITICAL SIDES WERE AFRAID OF FOREIGNERS, THE RUSSIANS ARE

所有的政治派別都害怕外國人，而俄羅斯人則是

COMING, TO DESTROY OUR WAY OF LIFE.

來吧，摧毀我們的生活方式。

NOW AMERICANS ARE AFRAID OF THOSE FELLOW FENS MUCH MORE THAN

現在，美國人比起害怕那些友好的芬斯，更害怕

NIBBLES ON THE PLANET.

在地球上的NIBBLES。

THE DEMOCRATS ARE AFRAID THAT THE REPUBLICANS ARE COMING TO

民主黨人害怕共和黨人來找他們。

DESTROY THEIR WAY OF LIFE AND THE REPUBLICANS HAVE THE SAME

摧毀他們的生活方式，共和黨也有同樣的生活方式。

FEAR ABOUT THE DEMOCRATS.

對民主黨人的恐懼。

AND IN THE LONG RUN YOU CAN'T HAVE A DEMOCRACY IN SUCH A

從長遠來看，你不可能在這樣的地方建立一個民主制度。

SITUATION.

情況：

>>.

>>.

IT IS NOT JUST THE U.S. ALL OVER THE WORLD WE ARE SEEING THE

不僅僅是美國，全世界的人都看到了這一點。

COLLAPSE OF NATIONAL SOLIDARITY.

國家穩定性的崩潰；

I KNOW THAT MANY PEOPLE TALK ABOUT THE RESURGENCE OF

我知道很多人都在談論 "復活 "這個詞，但我不知道該說什麼。

NATIONALISM.

民族主義：

BUT ACTUALLY ALMOST EVERYWHERE YOU LOOK YOU SEE THAT NATIONAL

但實際上，無論你走到哪裡，你都會看到那個國家的名字。

CIVIL IS COLLAPSING-- NATIONALISM IS IN

民族主義正在崩潰--民族主義正在發生。

COULD LAFNSING, IN CRISIS T IS NOT ABOUT HATING FOREIGNERS,

拉法辛，在危機中，不是討厭外國人。

THAT IS FINE, THERE IS NO PROBLEM THERE.

很好，那裡沒有問題。

NATIONALISM IS REALLY LOVING YOUR EXAIT YOTS AND THERE IS

民族主義是真的愛你的出口YOTS，還有就是。

LESS AND LESS SUCH LOVE ON MUCH OF THE PLANET.

地球上的愛情越來越少了。

AND YOU SEE POLITICIANS WITH WHO CLAIM TO BE NATIONALISTS AND

你看那些自稱是民族主義者的政治家們。

PATRIOTS AND THEY ARE ACTUALLY DELIBERATELY UNDERMINING THE

愛國者和他們實際上是在肆無忌憚地破壞國家的利益。

SOLIDARITY WITHIN THEIR OWN NATION.

在本國境內的穩定。

THEY ARE BEHAVING AS ANTINATIONALIST LEADERS AND THAT

他們作為反民族主義領導人的行為，這

IS A VERY BIG DANGER, ESPECIALLY FOR DEMOCRACY BECAUSE I DON'T

是一個非常大的危險，特別是對民主黨，因為我不。

THINK THAT YOU CAN HAVE A FUNCTIONING DEMOCRACY WITHOUT A

你以為沒有一個人就能有一個正常運轉的民主制度嗎？

STRONG SENSE OF NATIONAL SOLIDARITY.

強烈的國家穩定性意識；

>> James: I COULDN'T AGREE WITH YOU MORE AND I HAVE NEVER

>> 詹姆斯。我不能同意你更多，我從來沒有。

REALLY THOUGHT ABOUT IT IN THAT WAY, REALLY.

真的是這樣想的，真的。

I THINK SO MUCH IS DOWN TO MISINFORMATION AND THE WAY THAT

我覺得很多事情都是由於資訊不暢和方式的問題。

WE RECEIVE INFORMATION NOW AND ONE OF THE THINGS I'VE BEEN

我們現在收到的資訊和其中的一件事，我已經

KNOCK SHOCKED BY THIS PAST 12 MONTH OR SEVEN, AIDE MONTHS IS

在過去的12個月或7個月裡，援助月是令人震驚的。

HOW EASILY PEOPLE BELIEVE IN CONSPIRACY THEORIES.

人們是如何輕易地相信陰謀論的。

LIKE WHY DO YOU THINK WE AS PEOPLE ARE SO VULNERABLE TO

就像為什麼你認為我們作為一個人是如此脆弱的，以

MISINFORMATION.

錯誤信息：

>> YOU KNOW, THE TRUTH IS PAINFUL OFTEN AND COMPLICATED.

>> 你知道，真相往往是痛苦的，複雜的。

IF YOU LOOK AT THE EPIDEMIC, FOR EXAMPLE, TO JUST UNDERSTAND WHAT

比如說，如果你看一下疫情，就會明白，什麼是 "疫情"。

A VIRUS IS IT'S SUCH A COMPLICATED THING, A VIRUS IS

病毒是如此複雜的事情，病毒是。

NOT EVEN A LIVING BEING STRK NOT AN ANIMAL, IT DOESN'T EAT T

甚至連一個生命體都沒有被擊倒 不是動物，它不會吃T

DOESN'T RECRUIT-- BY ITSELF T IS REALLY JUST A PIECE OF

不招人... ... 本身就只是個小角色

BIOLOGICAL CODE, GENETIC CODE THAT HAS THE AMAZING ABILITY TO

生物密碼，基因密碼，具有驚人的能力，以

INFILTRATE OUR BODY, HIJACK THE MECHANISM OF THE CELLS IN OUR

滲入我們的身體，HIJACK細胞的機制在我們的

BODY AND TELL THE CELLS TO PRODUCE MORE COPIES OF ME, AND

身體，並告訴細胞生產更多的我的副本，並。

THAT IS HOW IT GOES VIRAL.

這就是它如何去病毒。

MORE AND MORE COPIES OF THE CODE GOING INTO THE NEARBY CELLS AND

越來越多的代碼副本進入近距離細胞和。

PEOPLE AND YOU HAVE AN EPIDEMIC.

人們和你有一個流行病。

THIS IS SUCH A STRANGE THING.

這真是一個奇怪的事情。

A COMPLICATED THING TO UNDERSTAND.

一個複雜的東西，要理解。

ST IT IS MUCH EASIER TO BELIEVE THAT YOU KNOW, THERE IS SOME

相信你知道的事情會更容易，因為有一些。

GROUP OF BILLIONAIRES WITH WHO CREATED THIS THIRNG IN SOME

集團的億萬富翁與誰創造了這個THIRNG在一些。

LABORATORY IN ORDER TO TAKE OVER THE WORLD.

為了奪取世界而進行的勞動。

AND WHAT MAKES IT EVEN MORE DIFFICULT IS IT VERY OFTEN

更加困難的是，它經常是

SCIENTISTS DON'T MAKE THE EFFORT OR DON'T SEEK IN THE LANGUAGE

科學家不努力或不在語言中尋找。

THAT MOST PEOPLE UNDERSTAND.

大多數人都明白。

YOU DON'T NEED, YOU SHOULDN'T NEED A COLLEGE DEGREE IN BUY

你不需要，你不應該需要一個學院的學位在購買

ONLY-- BIOLOGY OR ECONOMICS OR HISTORY OR ANYTHING TO

只有 -- 生物學或經濟學或歷史學或任何東西到

UNDERSTAND BASIC THINGS LIKE WHAT VIRUSES ARE OR HOW

瞭解基本的事情，如病毒是什麼或如何使用。

PANDEMICS SPREAD.

PANDEMICS蔓延。

BUT SCIENTISTS SHOULD MAKE THE EFFORT TO THINK, TO THE GENERAL

但是，科學家應該努力思考，對一般人來說。

PUBLIC IN AN ACCESSIBLE WAY, YOU KNOW, AMONG THEMSELVES

以方便的方式公開，你知道，他們之間

SCIENTISTS OFTEN SEEK IN NUMBERS AND STATISTICS AND MODELS AND

科學家們經常在數字、統計學、模型和

THIS ISN'T WORK, PEOPLE THINK IN SOCIAL, WE ARE SOCIAL ANIMALS SO

這是行不通的，人們的思維方式是社會化的，我們是社會化的動物，所以。

YOU NEED TO MAKE THE EFFORT TO EXPLAIN SCIENCE IN A MORE

你需要努力用更多的方式來解釋科學。

ACCESSIBLE WAY.

方便的方式。

>> WELL, SPEAKING OF STORIES, LET'S TALK ABOUT YOUR BRILLIANT

>> 好了，說到故事，讓我們來談談你的精彩故事吧

NEW BOOK SAPIENS, A GRAPHIC HISTORY, THIS IS A GRAPHIC NOVEL

新書《SAPIENS，圖形化的歷史》，這是一本圖形化的小說。

OF ONE OF YOUR MOST POPULAR AND ONE OF MY FAVORITE BOOKS

你最受歡迎的書之一，也是我最喜歡的書之一。

SAPIENS, WHAT MADE YOU WANT TO DO THIS TO TURN IT INTO A

SAPIENS，你為什麼要這樣做，把它變成一個。

GRAPHIC NOVEL, BECAUSE IT IS A REALLY INTERESTING WAY OF

圖形小說，因為它是一個非常有趣的方式。

PRESENTING THE BOOK.

介紹這本書。

>> IT CONNECTS TO WHAT WE SAW EARLIER, TO BRING BRING SCIENCE

>> 它與我們之前所看到的聯繫在一起，將科學帶入到我們的生活中。

TO THE PEOPLE, TO MORE PEOPLE, NOT JUST TO A SMALL EDUCATED

獻給人民，獻給更多的人，而不僅僅是獻給一小部分受過教育的人。

ELITE THAT READS SCIENCE BOOKS BUT TO REACH EVERYBODY AND FOR

閱讀科學書籍的精英，但要接觸到每個人，併為之服務。

THAT YOU YOU, WE EXPERIMENTED IT IS NOT JUST ME.

你你，我們經歷了它不只是我。

I TEAMED UP WITH TWO VERY GIFTED ARTISTS, IT IS A GRAPHIC NOVEL.

我和兩個非常有天賦的藝術家合作，這是一部平面小說。

SO I HAD TO TEAM UP WITH OTHER PEOPLE AND WE, IT WAS THE MOST

所以我必須和其他的人一起合作，我們，這是最大的

FUN PROJECT I EVER WORKED ON.

我曾經工作過的有趣的項目。

IT WAS JUST ONE SPEMPLET AFTER THE OTHER OF LET'S BREAK ALL THE

它只是一個spemplET接一個讓我們打破所有的。

CONVENTIONS OF TELLING SCIENCE AND TRY NEW THINGS.

講科學和嘗試新事物的會議。

SO WE HAVE ONE DOCTOR WHICH IS LIKE A DETECTIVE STORY.

所以，我們有一個醫生 這就像一個偵探的故事。

WE CREATED THIS FICTIONAL HE DETECTIVE LOPEZ AND SHE GOES

我們創造了這個虛構的他偵探洛佩茲和她去。

AROUND THE WORLD INVESTIGATING THE LARGEST ECOLOGICAL CRIME IN

環遊世界》調查世界上最大的生態犯罪事件

THE HISTORY OF THE WORLD, THE DISAPPEARING OF LARGE ANIMALS OF

世界的歷史，大型動物的消亡。

THE PLANET BEGINNING AROUND 50,000 YEARS AGO.

地球起源於大約5萬年前。

AND SHE IS ON THE TRAIL OF THESE SERIAL KILLERS.

而她正在追蹤這些殺人狂的蹤跡。

AND THIS ONE CHAPTER.

而這一個章節。

AND ONE CHAPTER IS LIKE A SCIENCE FICTION SUPERHERO MOVIE.

而一章就像一部科幻片中的超級英雄電影。

WE CREATED THE FIRKSAL CHARACTER OF DR. FICTION AND SHE PERSON

我們創造了FIRKSAL角色的博士。FICTION和她個人

FIES THE HUMAN ABILITY TO CREATE AND BELIEVE MYTHOLOGY AND

人類有能力創造和相信神話和

FICTIONAL STORIES AND ANOTHER IS-- WE EXPLAIN EVOLUTION

虛構的故事和另一個是--我們解釋進化。

THROUGH THE MEDIUM OF A REALITY TV SHOW WITH DIFFERENT SPECIES

通過與不同物種的真人秀節目的媒介。

COMPETING FOR SURVIVAL.

競爭生存。

>> James: IT IS A REALLY ENTERTAINING, ONE OF THE

>> 詹姆斯。這是一個真正的娛樂，其中的一個。

SUPERHEROES, IS YOURSELF RIGHT HERE.

超級英雄，是你自己在這裡。

LOOK AT YOU THERE, HOW DOES IT FEEL TO SEE YOURSELF AS A

看看你，看到自己是一個... ...

CARTOON CHARACTER WBLGZ NOT VERY COMFORTABLE.

卡通人物WBLGZ不是很舒服。

WE HAD A HUGE DISCUSSION ON THAT.

我們對此進行了熱烈的討論。

THEY CAME WITH THE IDEA OF HAVING ME AS A CHARACTER IN THE

他們想出了讓我在電影中扮演一個角色的主意

BOOKK AND I SAID ABSOLUTELY NO WAY.

BOOKK和我說絕對不可能。

AND THEY CONVINCED ME BUT WE HAD TO COMPROMISE, WE WILL HAVE AN

他們說服了我，但我們不得不妥協，我們將有一個。

ENTIRE GROUP OF SCIENTISTS EXPLAINING DIFFERENT THINGS.

全組的科學家解釋不同的事情。

FIRST OF ALL BECAUSE SCIENCE IS A COLLABORATIVE EFFORT.

首先是因為科學是一種合作的努力。

IT IS NEVER THE WORK OF A SINGLE INDIVIDUAL.

這絕不是一個人的工作。

LIKE I DON'T KNOW MUCH ABOUT OUR THEOLOGY.

就像我不知道多少關於我們的神學。

I READ THE PAPERS, THE BOOKS ABOUT THEOLOGY BUT I NEVER

我讀過有關神學的論文和書籍，但我從來沒有讀過。

CONDUCTED THEOLOGICAL EXPLANATION SO WE HAVE A

在神學上進行了解釋，所以我們有了一個完整的神學解釋。

THEOLOGIST CHARACTER THERE AND LIKEWISE A BIOLOGIST AND IT IS

神學家的角色在那裡，就像一個生物學家，它是。

IMPORTANT TO ALSO SHOW DIFFERENT SCIENTISTS HAVE DIFFERENT

重要的是，還顯示不同的科學家有不同的。

OPINIONS THEY SOMETIMES ARGUE, THEY SOMETIMES DISAGREE.

他們有時會爭論，有時會不同意。

SO IT IS NOT JUST ME IT IS AN ENTIRE COLLECTION.

所以不只是我，而是整個系列。

>> ONE OF THE THINGS YOU TALK ABOUT IN THE BOOK IS HOMOSAPIENS

>> 你在書中提到的一件事就是同性戀者。

MAY DIE OUT IN KIND OF LIKE 80 YEARS, IS WHAT YOU SAY.

可能會在80年內死掉，這是你說的。

IN THE NEXT CENTURY OR SO THAT WE AS HOMOSAPIENS MAY CEASE TO

在下一個世紀或左右，我們作為同性戀者可能會停止。

EXIST.

存在。

WHY IS THAT AND WHO IS REPLACING US.

為什麼會這樣，誰來代替我們。

>> FIRST OF ALL SPECIES DISAPPEAR.

>> 所有物種中第一個消失。

99 PERCENT OF SPECIES THAT ONCE EXISTED DON'T EXIST ANY MORE.

99%的物種曾經存在過，現在已經不存在了。

50,000 YEARS AGO YOU HAD AT LEAST SIX DIFFERENT HUMAN

五萬年前，你至少有六種不同的人類。

SPECIES ON EARTH BESIDES US, THE NEANDERTHALS AND OTHERS THAT ARE

地球上除了我們之外的物種，NEANDERTHALS和其他的物種是

NOT HERE ANY MORE.

不在這裡了。

SO SPECIES INCLUDING HUMAN SPECIES DISAPPEAR.

所以包括人類在內的物種都會消失。

NOW REGARDING OUR OWN FATE HOMO SAPIENS WE ARE NOW CREATING

現在關於我們自己的命運，我們正在創造的HOMO SAPIENS

TECHNOLOGY TO REENGINEER LIFE.

科技再造生活。

BIO ENGINEERING ON THE ONE HAND AND ARTIFICIAL INTELLIGENCE ON

一手是生物工程，一手是藝術智能。

THE OTHER HAND SO GIVEN THIS TECHNOLOGY I THINK IT IS VERY

另一方面，給了這個技術，我認為它是非常。

LIKELY THAT IN A CENTURY OR TWO EARTH WILL BE DOMINATED BY

很可能在一兩百年後，地球會被以下的人所統治

ENTITIES THAT ARE MUCH MORE DIFFERENT FROM US THAN WE ARE

與我們更不一樣的實體。

DIFFERENT FROM KNEE ANDER THAWLS.

有別於膝關節和鋸齒。

WE SHARE MOST OF OURED ABOUTEE, OUR BRAIN, OUR HE POATION WITH

我們分享了我們大部分的事情，我們的大腦，我們的食物與

THEE ANDER THALS, WE ARE CERTAINLY ORGANIC CREATURES LIKE

安得烈斯，我們確實是有機生物，就像...

THEM.

他們。

BUT IN 200 YEARS EARTH MIGHT BE DOMINATED BY THE FIRST INORGANIC

但在200年後，地球可能會被第一個有機體所統治。

CREATURES IN THE HISTORY OF LIFE.

生命史上的造物。

SO GIVEN THE POWER OF THIS TECHNOLOGY, I THINK THERE ARE

是以，鑑於這種技術的力量，我認為有

JUST TWO OPTIONS.

只有兩個選擇。

EITHER WE DESTROY OURSELVES IN THE PROCESS, OR WE UPGRADE

無論是我們在這一過程中毀掉自己，還是我們升級。

OURSELVES INTO SOMETHING WE CAN'T EVEN IMAGINE.

我們把自己變成了一個我們無法想象的東西。

WE CAN'T IMAGINE IT BECAUSE EVEN OUR IMAGINATION IS THE PRODUCT

我們無法想象，因為連我們的想象都是產物。

OF ORGANIC CHEMISTRY.

有機化學工業的發展：

AND HERE WE ARE TALKING ABOUT THE EMERGENCE OF ENTITIES WHICH

在這裡，我們談論的是實體的緊急情況，其中包括

WILL NOT BE SUBJECT TO THE LAWS OF ORGANIC CHEMISTRY.

將不受有機化學法的約束。

>> James: YUVAL, I LOVE TALKING IT TO YOU SO MUCH.

>> 詹姆斯。YUVAL，我很喜歡和你說話。

WILL YOU MAKE SURE YOU COME BACK ON THE SHOW EVERY SIX MONTHS

你會不會每隔6個月就回來上節目？