Name: 像冠狀病毒這樣的病毒是如何從動物跳到人身上的？ (How A Virus Like Coronavirus Jumps From Animals To People)
Uploaded: 2020-11-16T18:17:36.000Z
Duration: 7 min 11 s

情態副詞

1,000 virus strains known to infect humans,

the majority of which come from other animals.

They're part of a group called zoonotic diseases,

它們是人畜共患疾病的一部分。

caused by bacteria, viruses, parasites, or fungi.

由細菌、病毒、寄生蟲或真菌引起；

for a virus to jump from animals to humans.

作為一種病原體，該病毒的目標是

Let's say this pig is the original host of a virus.

他和他的夥伴們組成了一個水庫。

a specific population of animals of the same species

Colin Parrish: So, there are millions of viruses out there

科林・帕裡什。所以，有數以百萬計的病毒有

感染動物。從字面上看，數以百萬計。

I mean, the more we look, the more we find.

我的意思是，我們看的越多，發現的越多。

不要感染，你知道，其他動物。

Viruses tend to attack different parts of the body,

病毒往往攻擊身體的不同部位。

depending on whether they can bind to these guys.

就看他們能不能和這些人綁定了。

Receptors are proteins found along the outside of a cell,

受體是沿著細胞外部發現的蛋白質。

used to communicate with the rest of the body.

用來與身體其他部位進行交流。

但是，病毒也可以吸附在上面。

Cells in a respiratory system may have different receptors

呼吸系統中的細胞可能有不同的受體。

A virus does its thing by latching onto a host cell,

病毒是通過吸附在宿主細胞上進行活動的。

entering it or injecting bits of itself into it,

進入其中或將自己的部分注入其中。

It forces the cell to make copies of the virus,

all of which will go on to hijack other host cells.

And if enough of the host cells are infected

如果有足夠多的宿主細胞被感染的話

which, if the body can't fight it off or fights too hard,

其中，如果身體無法抗衡或抗衡過猛。

In reservoirs, however, the species has likely evolved

然而，在水庫中，該物種很可能已經演化出了

a resistance to the virus over many generations.

在許多代人中產生對病毒的抵抗力。

without killing the virus off completely.

a new host won't have that same, or any, immunity.

新的主機不會有同樣的，或任何免疫力。

That might sound scary, because truthfully

這可能聽起來很可怕，因為事實上

you are constantly being exposed to viruses.

that a virus must navigate for that to happen.

如果它被哪怕是其中的一個撐死了。

簡而言之，它們代表了兩件事。

Can the virus get to the new host's cells,

The more infected pigs there are in one space

在一個空間裡，感染的豬越多。

how the humans are interacting with them.

Animal viruses are usually transmitted to people

所以，像農場和屠宰場這樣的地方。

where people come in close contact with animals,

There's a huge list of genes that have been associated

有一個龐大的基因列表，已經相關的

some genes offering resistance to certain infections

一些基因提供對某些感染的抵抗力

Beyond genes, the virus has to get through

Parrish: So, there's two types of immune responses.

帕裡什所以，有兩種類型的免疫反應。

One is the simple adaptive immune responses,

after the infection has already occurred.

The innate responses are the ones that are already present

先天的反應是已經存在的反應。

inside the cell that make a cell or a host,

an innate one can attempt to fight off any pathogen

先天的，可以嘗試對抗任何病原體。

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像冠狀病毒這樣的病毒是如何從動物跳到人身上的？ (How A Virus Like Coronavirus Jumps From Animals To People)

constantly

specific

sort

immune