images of our generation.

我們這一代人的形象。

They're funny, relatable, and, most importantly,

他們很有趣，很有親和力，而且，最重要的是。

they're versatile.

他們是多功能的。

But sometimes this versatility creates something darker.

但有時這種多變性會創造出更黑暗的東西。

This is Pepe the Frog,

這是青蛙佩佩。

one of the most popular internet memes of all time.

一個最流行的網絡備忘錄的所有時間。

It's now considered a symbol of hate,

現在它被認為是仇恨的象徵。

according to the Anti-Defamation League.

根據反誹謗聯盟的。

But it wasn't always like this.

但它並不總是這樣的。

The cartoon frog that currently sits beside the swastika

目前位於 "卍 "字旁的卡通青蛙。

and the Iron Cross was born here,

而鐵十字會就誕生在這裡。

a nonpolitical comic about four roommates

四人行漫畫

who enjoy being lazy and playing video games.

喜歡懶惰和玩電子遊戲的人。

So, how did we get here...from here?

那麼，我們是怎麼來到這裡的......從這裡？

The green frog first debuted in 2005

2005年，綠蛙首次亮相

in the comic "Boy's Club" by Matt Furie.

在馬特-弗裡的漫畫《男孩俱樂部》中。

It featured Pepe along with his three roommates

它的特色是佩佩和他的三個室友。

all living together and hanging out.

都生活在一起，出去玩。

The humor was generally gross or crude

幽默一般都是粗暴或粗俗的

but was completely nonpolitical in nature.

但卻完全不具有政治性。

Then, in 2008, Pepe made his first steps

然後，在2008年，佩佩邁出了第一步。

to internet stardom.

到網絡紅人。

This panel was posted as a reaction image

此板塊是作為反應圖發佈的

on the internet forum 4chan.

在互聯網論壇4chan。

And it became a trend almost instantly.

而這幾乎瞬間就成了一種潮流。

More and more users began sharing Pepe on 4chan.

越來越多的用戶開始在4chan上分享佩佩。

And some were even putting their own spin on it.

而有的人甚至還把自己的想法說了出來。

Pepe became a versatile meme.

佩佩成了一個多面手的備忘錄。

It was happy, sad, smug, and angry.

它是快樂的、悲傷的、得意的、憤怒的。

It represented a relatable range of emotions.

它代表了一種可親的情感範圍。

And this relatability spread its influence

而這種可親性也將其影響力擴散開來

to other social-media networks over the next several years.

到其他社交媒體網絡，在未來幾年。

In 2015, Tumblr reported that it was

2015年，Tumblr報告說，它是。

the No. 1 most reblogged meme of the year.

第一最轉發的備忘錄的一年。

But at this point, Pepe was being shared a little too much,

但此時，佩佩被分享得有點多了。

and the inside joke was beginning to lose its comedic value.

而內部的笑話也開始失去了喜劇價值。

To keep the joke alive, people began creating "rare Pepes,"

為了讓這個笑話持續下去，人們開始製造 "罕見的佩佩"，。

novel versions of the meme that hadn't been made before.

新穎版本的備忘錄，以前沒有做過。

This phenomenon generated a mock economy,

這種現象產生了模擬經濟。

where the less frequently the meme was posted,

其中，備忘錄的發佈頻率越低。

the more valuable it was.

越是珍貴。

With new images constantly being produced,

隨著新形象的不斷產生。

Pepe grew stronger and reached mainstream status.

佩佩越來越強大，達到了主流地位。

And once Pepe became mainstream,

而一旦佩佩成為主流。

everyone was in on the joke.

每個人都在開玩笑。

Now, it was rumored that there was an alt-right campaign

現在，據說有一個alt-right運動

to reclaim the meme from the "normies"

從 "常青樹 "中找回記憶。

by associating Pepe with white nationalism.

通過將佩佩與白人民族主義聯繫起來。

But this was later revealed

但後來發現

to have been an elaborate prank to mislead journalists.

是一個精心設計的惡作劇，以誤導記者。

In reality, Pepe was just so versatile

現實中，佩佩就是這麼多才多藝。

that it was inevitably drawn as everything.

它不可避免地被畫成了一切。

This sometimes included racists and even Donald Trump.

這有時包括種族主義者，甚至包括唐納德-特朗普。

On October 13, 2015, Donald Trump retweeted this post.

2015年10月13日，唐納德-特朗普轉發了這個帖子。

It linked the video "You Can't Stump the Trump (Volume 4)"

它鏈接了視頻 "你無法阻擋特朗普（第4卷）"

and tagged the notable right-leaning publications

並在著名的右傾出版品上打了標記

Breitbart and the Drudge Report.

Breitbart和Drudge Report。

And under the video was this image of Pepe.

而在視頻下，是佩佩的這張圖片。

Before this, only fringe users on social media

在此之前，社交媒體上只有邊緣用戶

posted versions of the frog as Klan members or SS personnel.

發佈了青蛙作為三K黨成員或黨衛軍人員的版本。

But this post was the catalyst that fueled

但這篇文章是催化劑，助長了我的工作。

the far right's claim of Pepe.

極右派對佩佩的主張。

More racist frogs appeared, particularly on Twitter,

更多的種族主義青蛙出現了，尤其是在Twitter上。

which spurred the movement #FrogTwitter.

這刺激了#FrogTwitter的運動。

Much like how the echo is used by anti-Semitics

就像回聲被反猶主義者利用一樣

to signify Jewish names, members of the alt-right

猶太人的名字，超右翼成員的名字

began adding the frog emoji to their Twitter handles

開始在他們的推特上添加青蛙表情。

in solidarity with white nationalism.

聲援白人民族主義。

And the more curious people got about the racist Pepes,

而人們對種族主義的佩佩斯越發好奇了。

the stronger the connection grew.

聯繫越發緊密。

When journalists asked about the "green face"

當記者問及 "青面獠牙 "的問題時。

they often saw "Trumpsters" and alt-right people use,

他們經常看到 "特朗普派 "和超右派人士使用。

they were met with white-nationalist Pepes as a response.

他們遭到了白人民族主義的佩佩斯作為迴應。

So they began picking up on this trend,

於是，他們開始關注這個趨勢。

and when they saw someone use Pepe,

而當他們看到有人用佩佩。

whether in or out of racist context,

無論是否在種族主義的背景下，

they would respond by saying something like this.

他們會這樣回答。

Then, in 2016, Pepe's alt-right career

然後，在2016年，佩佩的右派生涯。

came to a boiling point.

到了沸騰的地步。

Hillary Clinton delivered a campaign speech

希拉里-克林頓發表競選演講

in which she referred to half of Trump's supporters as:

中，她將特朗普一半的支持者稱為。

Hillary Clinton: A basket of deplorables.

希拉里-克林頓一籃子可悲的人。

Narrator: This led to the creation of a parody

旁白：這導致了一個模仿秀的誕生

of the "Expendables" movie poster where the characters

的 "Expendables "電影海報，其中的人物。

were replaced with conservative figures,

被保守的數字所取代。

known as "The Deplorables."

被稱為 "可悲者"。

And in that lineup,

而在這個陣容中。

with Trump and notable conservative leaders,

與特朗普和著名的保守派領導人。

was none other than Pepe the Frog.

正是青蛙佩佩。

Roger Stone and Donald Trump Jr.,

羅傑-斯通和小唐納德-特朗普。

who both appeared on the poster, reposted the image,

都出現在海報上的人，轉發了這張圖片。

stating that they were proud to be one of the deplorables.

指出他們為成為可悲者之一而感到自豪，

Shortly after this parody circulated,

在這一模仿流傳後不久。

Clinton's campaign website denounced Pepe

克林頓競選網站譴責佩佩。

and called it "a symbol associated with white supremacy."

並稱其為 "與白人至上主義有關的象徵"。

And in September 2016, the Anti-Defamation League

而在2016年9月，反誹謗聯盟。

officially added Pepe the Frog

正式加入青蛙佩佩

to its database of hate symbols.

在其仇恨符號數據庫中。

Since this designation, we've seen Pepe worn

自從有了這個稱號，我們就看到佩佩穿上了

by self-proclaimed white nationalist Richard Spencer

自稱白人民族主義者的理查德-斯賓塞所為

and sold as merchandise by Alex Jones,

並由亞歷克斯-瓊斯作為商品出售。

host of right-wing conspiracy outlet InfoWars.

右翼陰謀媒體InfoWars的主持人。

But Matt Furie, the creator of Pepe,

但《佩佩》的創作者馬特-富里。

has publicly stated his dislike for Pepe's evolution

曾公開表示不喜歡佩佩的進化論。

and has made efforts to take back his creation

並努力收回他的創作

from the alt-right.

從右翼。

In 2017, he released a one-page comic

2017年，他推出了單頁漫畫

where he officially killed off the lazy green frog.

在那裡，他正式殺死了懶惰的綠青蛙。

Furie has also been involved in legal disputes

Furie也曾捲入法律糾紛

with both The Daily Stormer and InfoWars,

與《每日風暴者》和《信息戰》。

which effectively prevented them from using Pepe

這有效地阻止了他們使用佩佩。

to promote their ideology any further.

以進一步推動其意識形態。

But Furie's fight against the alt-right

但是，Furie與alt-right的鬥爭。

hasn't stopped other groups from using the meme.

並沒有阻止其他團體使用該備忘錄。

This time, however, Pepe has become a symbol of hope

然而，這一次，佩佩卻成了希望的象徵。

halfway across the world.

半個地球的距離。

In 2019, protesters took to the streets of Hong Kong

2019年，抗議者走上香港街頭。

to rally against police brutality

反對警察暴力的集會

and Hong Kong's extradition bill.

和香港的引渡法案。

They held signs, graffitied walls,

他們舉著牌子，在牆上塗鴉。

and messaged stickers with a peculiar,

和消息貼紙的奇特。

yet familiar face: Pepe the Frog.

但熟悉的面孔。青蛙佩佩

So, how did this lazy green amphibian

那麼，這隻懶惰的綠色兩棲動物是怎麼做到的呢？

become the face of yet another political movement?

成為又一個政治運動的代言人？

Simply put, Hong Kongers thought it was just a funny face,

簡單地說，香港人覺得這只是一張有趣的臉。

and most didn't know about its alt-right ties

而大多數人都不知道它的右派關係。

in the United States.

在美國。

In the eyes of Hong Kongers,

在香港人眼中。

Pepe existed as a Hello Kitty character.

佩佩作為Hello Kitty的角色存在。

It looked strange and was eye-catching enough

看上去很奇怪，也很吸引人的眼球。

to grab attention.

來吸引注意力。

But, most importantly, it was versatile enough

但是，最重要的是，它的功能足夠多。

to become anything they wanted it to be.

變成他們想要的任何東西。

For these protesters,

對於這些抗議者。

Pepe symbolized the youthful nature of rebellion

佩佩象徵著叛逆的年輕本質

and had nothing to do

和無關

with the far-right movement in the West.

與西方的極右運動。

In a New York Times interview by Daniel Victor,

在接受《紐約時報》採訪時，丹尼爾-維克多。

a young Hong Konger noted that symbols

一位年輕的香港人指出，象徵

can mean different things in countries

國情不同

with different cultures.

與不同的文化。

In the end, she encouraged other Hong Kongers

最後，她鼓勵其他香港人。

to explain to Americans what Pepe really means to them.

向美國人解釋佩佩對他們的真正意義。

We live in a world where information

我們生活在一個資訊的世界裡

spreads almost instantly

一傳十，十傳百

and the meaning of images changes just as fast.

而影像的意義也同樣變化迅速。

It's about culture and context.

這就是文化和背景的問題。

Pepe is the best modern example of this.

佩佩就是現代最好的例子。

But it wasn't the first victim.

但這不是第一個受害者。

The swastika, for example, is actually considered sacred

例如，"卍 "字實際上被認為是神聖的。

in certain Eurasian religions.

在某些歐亞宗教中。

It's a significant image meant

這是一個重要的形象，意味著

to symbolize good fortune and well-being.

以此來象徵福祿壽喜。

But Nazis rebranded this symbol during World War II

但納粹在二戰期間將這一標誌重新命名為 "納粹"。

and made it an icon of hate instead.

並將其作為仇恨的標誌。

At least for Pepe, there is hope

至少對佩佩來說，還有希望。

that it won't be a hate symbol forever,

它不會永遠是一個仇恨的符號。

because Furie reminds us that

因為Furie提醒我們

"in the end, Pepe is whatever you say he is,

"說到底，佩佩就是你說的任何東西。

and I, the creator, say that Pepe is love."

而我，創造者，說佩佩就是愛。"