English. I'm Neil.

英語。我是尼爾。

And I'm Sam.

我是山姆。

Sam, what blood type are you?

山姆，你是什麼血型？

Ah, you mean the different groups used to

啊，你的意思是，不同的群體用來

classify humans by blood – types A, B, AB

血型分類

and O. I think I'm type O. How about you,

我想我是O型，你呢？

Neil?

尼爾？

Well, it may sound strange but actually I

嗯，這聽起來可能很奇怪，但實際上，我

don't know.

不知道。

Hmm, lots of westerners don't know their

嗯，很多西方人不知道他們的。

blood type, but in parts of Asia blood groups

血型

are a topic of daily conversation. People

是人們日常談論的話題。人們

select romantic partners based on blood type

按血型擇偶

and different blood groups are associated

和不同血型的人有關聯

with different personalities.

具有不同的個性。

In this programme we'll be finding out all

在這個節目中，我們將發現所有的

about blood – why humans have different

關於血液 - 為什麼人類有不同的

blood types and whether blood is something

血型和血液是否是什麼

more than just a way of pumping oxygen around

不僅僅是一種泵送氧氣的方式。

your body.

你的身體。

And of course we'll be learning some new

當然我們也會學習一些新的...

vocabulary as well. Now, Neil, I have an interesting

詞彙也是。現在，尼爾，我有一個有趣的

fact for you - did you know that many Japanese

你知道嗎，很多日本人。

popstars' websites will feature their blood

流行歌手的網站將以他們的血液為特色

type alongside information like their age

類型以及年齡等資訊

and hobbies?

和興趣愛好？

I didn't, Sam, but Japanese culture is certainly

我沒有，山姆，但日本文化確實是。

interested in blood. There's even a word

對血液感興趣。甚至有一個詞

'burahara' meaning 'blood harassment',

'burahara'意為'血腥騷擾'。

which is used to describe hostility towards

這句話是用來形容對

people from a certain blood group considered

血族人

to be selfish – but which group? That's

自私--但哪個群體？那是

my quiz question for today – which blood

我今天的問答題--哪種血液

types may fall victim to 'burahara'?

類型可能成為'burahara'的受害者？

Is it:

是嗎？

a) blood type A? b) blood type B? Or

a）A型血？ b）B型血？或

c) blood type O?

c）O型血？

I'll say a) blood type A.

我說a)A型血。

OK, Sam, we'll find out the answer later.

好吧，山姆，我們以後會找到答案的。

As we've heard, blood is a big deal in Japan.

我們聽說，在日本，血腥是個大問題。

Marnie Chesterton, from BBC World Service

Marnie Chesterton，來自英國廣播公司世界服務部。

programme, CrowdScience, travelled to Tokyo

方案，CrowdScience，前往東京。

where she asked Japanese translator,

她在那裡問日語翻譯。

Chie Kobayashi, to explain more:

小林千惠，再來解釋一下。

For blood type A, generally it is thought

對於A型血，一般認為

they are perfectionists, more detail-oriented,

他們是完美主義者，比較注重細節。

pretty much good at precise type jobs, and

擅長於精確的打字工作，並且

that makes them good at helping others and

使他們善於幫助別人，並且

good at teamwork and respecting rules and

善於團隊合作，尊重規則和

customs. That's a typical blood A type.

習俗。這是典型的A型血。

40 percent of Japan's population are sensitive,

日本40%的人口是敏感人群。

anxious type As. 30 percent are curious and

焦慮型的阿斯。30%是好奇型和

stubborn, generous type Os. Ten percent are

倔強、大方型的奧斯。10%是

creative ABs. But woe betide the twenty percent

創意的AB。但禍不單行，那百分之二十的人

type B because they have a far less desirable

B型，因為它們有一個更不理想的。

personality, apparently.

個性，顯然。

According to Japanese tradition, blood type

根據日本的傳統，血型

As are perfectionists - people who want everything

就像完美主義者一樣--那些什麼都想要的人。

to be perfect and demand the highest standards

臻於至善

possible.

可能的。

This contrasts with type Os who are considered

這與Os型形成鮮明對比，他們被認為是

to be stubborn – people who are determined

冥頑不靈 -- 執著的人。

to do what they want and refuse to change

為所欲為，死不改悔

their mind.

他們的思想。

But it's unfortunate blood type Bs who have

但不幸的是B型血的人有

the least desirable personality – selfish

最不可取的性格--自私

and independent. “Woe betide the type Bs”

和獨立。"禍從口出 "的B型人。

remarks the presenter, Marnie Chesterton – an

主講人瑪妮-切斯特頓說："我是一個很好的人。

informal British expression said when there

英式口語

will be trouble ahead for someone – in this

禍不單行

case, poor type Bs!

窮B型

But apart from customs and traditions, is

但除了風俗習慣外，是

there actually any science behind these beliefs?

這些信仰背後究竟有什麼科學依據？

Well, not according to Dr Emma Pomeroy of

嗯，根據Emma Pomeroy博士的說法，並非如此。

Cambridge University's archaeology department.

劍橋大學的考古系。

She thinks that - like horoscopes – there's

她認為--就像占星一樣--是有的

no scientific basis for a connection between

毫無科學依據

blood types and personalities.

血型和性格；

Which makes me wonder what exactly

這讓我很好奇，到底是什麼

blood types are.

血型是：

Blood types are kinds of stickers or chemical

血型是各種貼紙或化學

markers which support our immune system

支持我們的免疫系統的標誌物

- the organs, cells and processes which protect

- 保護的器官、細胞和過程

the human body from infection and illness.

人體不受感染和疾病的影響。

Those chemical markers can identify foreign

這些化學標記可以識別異物

bodies like pathogens - small organisms, such

像病原體這樣的機構--小生物，如

a virus or bacteria, that can cause disease.

病毒或細菌，可導致疾病。

The variety of blood types seems to be a result

血型的多樣性似乎是一個結果。

of different bodily responses to different

的不同身體反應。

disease-causing pathogens.

致病病原體。

Which explains why blood of the same type

這就解釋了為什麼相同類型的血液

is needed in blood transfusions – medical

在輸血中是需要的 - 醫學

procedures in which blood is taken from one

從一個人身上採血的程序

person and put into another person's body,

人，並放入他人的身體。

often after an accident or during an operation.

常常是在事故發生後或手術期間。

And explains the high demand for type O blood

並解釋了O型血的高需求

which can be given to anyone.

可以給任何人。

Ah, generous type Os – like me. I always

啊，大方型的奧斯--就像我一樣。我總是

knew I was special… and curious and stubborn,

我知道我很特別... 好奇又固執。

wasn't that the type O personality?

那不是O型人格嗎？

Oh yes, today's quiz question was about

哦，對了，今天的問答題是關於

blood type personalities. I asked you which

血型個性。我問你

undesirable blood type is considered selfish

不良血型是自私的

in Japan.

在日本。

I said a) blood type A.

我說a)A型血。

But as we've heard, it's actually b) blood

但正如我們所聽到的，它實際上是b)血液

type B.

B型：

Never mind, I'll settle for being curious,

算了，我就滿足於好奇心吧。

stubborn and generous! In today's programme

倔強又大方!在今天的節目中

we've been talking all about blood types

我們一直在談論血型

and personalities. In Japan, blood type A

和個性。在日本，A型血

people are thought of as perfectionists - people

人都被認為是完美主義者--人

who want everything to be perfect.

誰想要一切都完美。

Unlike type Os who are considered stubborn

與被認為是頑固的Os型不同。

– determined to get their own way and unwilling

- 一意孤行

to change.

要改變。

And woe betide selfish type Bs – an informal

自私的B型人有禍了------一個非正式的

expression said when there will be trouble

禍從口出

for someone or if they will be punished for

或是否會是以而受到懲罰。

doing a particular thing.

做某件事。

Scientifically speaking, blood types help

從科學上講，血型有助於

support our immune system - the organs and

支持我們的免疫系統--器官和

cellular processes which protect the human

保護人類的細胞過程

body from infection.

身體免受感染。

They also help identify foreign pathogens

它們還有助於識別外來病原體

- small organisms, such a virus or bacteria,

- 小生物，如病毒或細菌；

that can cause a disease.

可以引起疾病的。

And explain why the same blood type is needed

並解釋為什麼需要相同的血型

for a successful blood transfusion – the

成功輸血的方法------------------。

procedure in which blood is transferred from

血液從

one person's body to another during an operation.

在手術過程中，將一個人的身體轉移到另一個人的身上。

That's all we have time for today. Bye for

今天就到這裡吧。再見

now.

現在。

Bye!

再見！