- My relationship to the natural world was largely fostered

- 我與自然界的關係，主要是由我培養的

through my grandparents who owned a farm in Idaho.

通過我的祖父母誰擁有一個農場在愛達荷州。

We would go there every summer and we were free to roam

每年夏天我們都會去那裡，我們可以自由自在地遊玩。

and play in the forest and hang out.

並在森林裡玩耍和閒逛。

But I still didn't necessarily think

但我還是不一定認為

I wanted to be a scientist.

我想成為一名科學家。

It wasn't until I got to understand

直到我明白了

the creative part of science,

科學的創造性部分。

that it wasn't just about memorizing,

這不僅僅是背誦的問題。

like, facts in a text book.

像，事實在教科書。

That's what really made me realize,

這才是真正讓我意識到的。

oh wait, actually this is a creative process, and I love it.

哦，等等，其實這是一個創作的過程，我喜歡這樣。

My name is Kristen Ruegg.

我的名字是克里斯汀-魯格。

I am an assistant professor at Colorado State University,

我是科羅拉多州立大學的助理教授。

and I am the co-director of a project

我是一個項目的共同負責人。

called the Bird Genoscape Project.

稱為鳥類基因景觀項目。

(soft music)

（輕音樂）

The goal of the Bird Genoscape Project is

鳥類基因景觀項目的目標是

to track hundreds of the most critically threatened birds.

追蹤數百種最瀕危的鳥類。

All kinds of birds are part of this project

所有種類的鳥類都是這個項目的一部分

from tiny songbirds, like the willow flycatcher,

從微小的鳴禽，像柳樹飛鳥。

to my favorite, the charismatic burrowing owl.

到我的最愛，魅力十足的穴居貓頭鷹。

I think it's amazing that over half of the birds

我覺得很神奇，超過一半的鳥類

that are in North America actually leave

在北美的人實際上已經離開了

during the winter months and go somewhere else

寒來暑往

and spend the majority of the year actually not here.

並在一年中的大部分時間其實不在這裡。

Birds migrate south in the winter

鳥類在冬季向南遷徙

in search of better weather and more food,

以尋求更好的天氣和更多的食物。

and they migrate back north in the spring

春去秋來

in search of better habitat for breeding.

以尋求更好的繁殖棲息地。

The main mystery with birds is where do birds migrate?

鳥類的主要謎團是鳥類遷徙到哪裡？

The ability to track migratory birds has been

追蹤候鳥的能力已被證實。

a huge challenge for centuries.

幾個世紀以來的巨大挑戰。

One of the challenges is there are tracking devices,

其中一個挑戰是有跟蹤設備。

but they're usually not small enough

但它們通常不夠小

to be able to put on a migratory bird.

才能把候鳥。

So our thought was, well, if we could develop a technology

所以我們的想法是，如果我們能開發出一種技術的話

that could use information within a single feather,

可以使用單根羽毛內的資訊。

like information in the DNA of the bird

如鳥的DNA資訊

to track their migratory movements,

追蹤它們的遷徙運動。

then we could get information from every bird

那我們就可以從每隻鳥身上得到資訊

that comes through a monitoring station.

通過監測站傳來的。

If I wanted to understand where my ancestors were from,

如果我想了解我的祖先來自哪裡。

I might take a DNA sample from me

我可能會從我身上提取DNA樣本

and send it off to a genetic ancestry service.

並把它送到基因祖先服務。

They would compare my DNA against this huge database

他們會把我的DNA和這個龐大的數據庫進行對比

of DNA from many, many other people

來自很多很多人的DNA

and be able to identify that my most likely ancestry

並能確定我最有可能的祖先

is largely Norwegian.

主要是挪威語。

In a sense, that's what we're doing

從某種意義上說，這就是我們正在做的事情。

with the DNA found in a single bird feather.

與在一根鳥羽中發現的DNA。

It's like genetic ancestry mapping for birds.

這就像鳥類的基因祖先圖譜。

So here we have an American robin,

所以我們這裡有一隻美國知更鳥。

one of our Genoscape species.

我們的Genoscape物種之一。

This robin, yes, I see you.

這隻知更鳥，是的，我看到你了。

This robin migrates from the boreal forest

這隻知更鳥從北方森林遷徙而來。

in Canada and parts of the US

在加拿大和美國部分地區

and goes as far south in the winter as Mexico.

並在冬季遠赴墨西哥南部。

And we also collect the feathers, the tail feathers,

而且我們還收集羽毛，尾羽。

that we use for genetic analysis.

我們用於基因分析的。

(uplifting music)

(振奮人心的音樂)

The reason why we collect these feathers

我們之所以要收集這些羽毛

is because we can use the tip of the feather right here,

是因為我們可以在這裡使用羽翼的尖端。

which contains a little bit of DNA

其中含有一點DNA

to tell you which migratory pathway this bird took

來告訴你這隻鳥的遷徙路線。

and where it winters and breeds.

以及它在哪裡過冬和繁殖。

So what you have displayed here

所以你在這裡展示的是

is the map for the Wilson's Warbler showing the location

是威爾遜的鶯的地圖顯示的位置。

of the six populations.

六種人口中的。

Each one goes to a different wintering area.

每一隻都去了不同的過冬地區。

For example, the Rocky Mountain population heads

例如，落基山地區的人口頭

all the way down to El Salvador and Panama.

一直到薩爾瓦多和巴拿馬。

Using their DNA, we can follow their migratory journey.

利用它們的DNA，我們可以跟蹤它們的遷徙之旅。

All we need is DNA from the tip of a feather.

我們需要的只是羽毛尖端的DNA。

Now that the Bird Genoscape Project is helping us understand

現在，鳥類基因景觀項目正在幫助我們瞭解。

where and how birds move throughout the year,

鳥類一年四季在哪裡以及如何移動；

we can figure out the best ways

我們可以想出最好的辦法

to help them survive in a changing world.

以幫助他們在不斷變化的世界中生存。

Uncovering the mysteries of bird migration

揭開鳥類遷徙的神祕面紗

may be the key to protecting them.

可能是保護它們的關鍵。

(uplifting music)

(振奮人心的音樂)