Name: 空間是否太擁擠？| 2020年10月16日 (Is Space Too Crowded? | October 16, 2020)
Uploaded: 2020-11-03T18:22:40.000Z
Duration: 10 min 1 s

After a thorough analysis of weekdays compiled over decades of experience, our independent study has concluded that Fridays are awesome.

在對數十年來整理的工作日進行全面分析後，我們的獨立研究得出結論：週五很不錯。

We're happy to have you watching this Friday, October 16th.

本週五（10月16日），我們很高興邀請你來觀看。

Like several nations in Europe we told you about earlier this week, many parts of the United States are seeing an increase in coronavirus cases.

就像我們本週早些時候告訴你的歐洲幾個國家一樣，美國的很多地方都出現了冠狀病毒病例的增加。

As you can see on this map, the recorded number of new cases is increasing in 35 states.

從這張圖上可以看出，35個州的新病例記錄數量正在增加。

It's holding steady in 12 states and dropping in three.

在12個州保持穩定，在3個州下降。

In the coming days, the Nation of India is expected to surpass America in total covert infections.

在未來的日子裡，印度國家的祕密感染總數有望超過美國。

The Asian countries cases are rising and its population is four times that of the U.

亞洲國家的案件正在上升，其人口是美國的四倍。

But at this point, America has seen more positive tests than any other country.

但在這一點上，美國的陽性測試比其他任何國家都多。

It's recorded 7.9 million diagnoses since record keeping began early this year, and more than 217,000 deaths have been blamed on the disease in America.

自今年年初開始記錄以來，它已經記錄了790萬次診斷，美國有超過21.7萬人死於該病。

When you look at these numbers, the death rate may appear higher than it really is.

當你看到這些數字時，死亡率可能看起來比實際情況要高。

The reason being that as many as 40% of people who catch the virus have no symptoms, and many of them may not get tested.

因為感染病毒的人中，有高達40%的人沒有任何症狀，很多人可能不會去檢測。

There are also people who do have symptoms but think it's just a cold and don't get tested.

也有的人確實有症狀，但認為只是感冒，沒有去檢查。

Based on statistics that came out this summer, more than 99% of people who catch coronavirus survive it, though it is more deadly than the flu.

根據今年夏天出來的統計，99%以上感染冠狀病毒的人都能活下來，雖然它比流感更致命。

Some American businesses and communities have strict laws in place, limiting public gatherings and requiring masks.

美國一些企業和社區制定了嚴格的法律，限制公眾集會，要求戴口罩。

In others, people can be seen in crowded areas without masks getting back to business as usual.

在另一些地方，可以看到人們在擁擠的地方沒有口罩的情況下恢復正常工作。

So the restrictions and the reactions to the disease are vastly different from place to place.

所以各地對疾病的限制和反應是大不相同的。

But health officials say the threat of spreading the virus goes up as fall temperatures come down.

但衛生官員說，隨著秋季氣溫的下降，傳播病毒的威脅會上升。

Why do we expect Kobe 19 infections to increase in winter months?

為什麼我們預計科比19的感染率會在冬季增加？

First, the virus that causes Kobe 19 is a coronavirus, and other coronavirus is spread mawr in winter months.

首先，引起科比19號的病毒是冠狀病毒，其他冠狀病毒在冬季的時候會傳播毛毛雨。

That's the seasonal variation we see for the common cold and for other respiratory viruses.

這就是我們看到的普通感冒和其他呼吸道病毒的季節性變化。

So we expect to see the same pattern with this novel coronavirus, too.

所以我們預計這種新型冠狀病毒也會出現同樣的模式。

Second, in winter months, the air is less humid particles that carry the virus can linger in the air for longer.

其次，在冬季，空氣溼度較低，攜帶病毒的顆粒可以在空氣中停留較長時間。

Also, our nasal membranes are drier and more vulnerable to infection.

另外，我們的鼻膜也比較乾燥，更容易受到感染。

Third, as the weather gets colder, people will spend more time indoors.

第三，隨著天氣越來越冷，人們在室內的時間會越來越多。

We know that being outdoors versus indoors can reduce the risk of transmission for Kobe 19 by 18 to 19 times.

我們知道，在戶外與在室內，可以將科比19號的傳播風險降低18到19倍。

That's because the particles that carry the virus get diffused by circulating air.

這是因為攜帶病毒的顆粒會被循環的空氣擴散。

When people are gathered indoors in tight spaces without good ventilation, that increases the likelihood of spread.

當人們聚集在室內狹小的空間裡，沒有良好的通風條件，就會增加傳播的可能性。

All of this is why we need to stay extra vigilant in the winter months.

這些都是為什麼我們需要在冬季保持格外警惕的原因。

If you're seeing friends and extended family, stay outdoors as much as you can.

如果你要見朋友和大家庭，儘量留在戶外。

If you need to be indoors, keep the windows open.

如果你需要在室內，請把窗戶打開。

Check your ventilation and keep the air circulating.

檢查通風情況，保持空氣流通。

Make sure everyone has a mask on if you're outdoors and cannot maintain a 6 ft distance or any time you're indoors with people who are not in your immediate household.

如果你在戶外，不能保持6英尺的距離，或者任何時候你在室內與非直系親屬在一起，請確保每個人都戴上口罩。

If you were to draw a horizontal line through the center of the United States, relatively warm and dry conditions are expected south of that line in the months ahead.

如果你在美國中部畫一條水平線，預計未來幾個月該線以南將出現相對溫暖和乾燥的天氣。

Warmer temperatures are also expected in the U.

This prediction is, according to the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration, or no, uh, and it's making that forecast based on something called La Nina.

根據美國國家海洋和大氣管理局的預測 不，呃，它的預測是基於一種叫做拉尼娜的東西。

This is a natural cooling of ocean surface temperatures in the Pacific and CNN 10 Contributor Tyler Mauldin explains how it forms forecasters at the Climate Prediction Center.

這是太平洋地區海洋表面溫度的自然冷卻，CNN 10號特約記者Tyler Mauldin解釋了它如何形成氣候預測中心的預報員。

Carl expect La Nina conditions to have a major impact on our winter weather here in the US This year's La Nina could be on the stronger side, too.

卡爾預計拉尼娜現象將對美國的冬季天氣產生重大影響 今年的拉尼娜現象可能也會比較強烈

A La Nina watches issued when a La Nina could soon form.

拉尼娜手錶發出時，拉尼娜可能很快形成。

Our watch, however, was recently upgraded to a La Nina advisory, meaning it's here now and expected to continue.

然而，我們的手錶，最近被升級為拉尼娜諮詢，這意味著它現在在這裡，並預計將繼續。

There's an approximately 85% chance this Latina could continue right through the months of December, January and February.

大約有85%的機會，這個拉丁人可以一直持續到12月、1月和2月。

I would say those are pretty good odds, wouldn't you?

我想說，這些都是很好的機會，你說呢？

So let's talk about what a la Nina is and how it impacts the world's weather.

所以，我們來談談什麼是 "尼娜"，以及它是如何影響世界天氣的。

This is where the action happens during a la Nina.

這是行動發生在a la Nina期間的地方。

The trade winds, which blow from east to west, get a lot stronger.

由東向西吹的貿易風，會變強很多。

This effects both the ocean and the atmosphere in the ocean.

這對海洋和海洋中的大氣都有影響。

Warm waters get pushed to the West Pacific due to the more intense wind, allowing cool water to bubble up to the surface of the east central Pacific.

暖水由於風勢較猛，被推到西太平洋，讓冷水冒到東中太平洋的海面上。

In the air, the Walker circulation gets stronger, which is the circulation of air rising over the warm waters and sinking back down over those cooler waters.

在空氣中，沃克環流會變得更強，這是空氣在溫暖的水域上空上升，又在那些冷卻的水域上空下沉的環流。

The jet stream is reshaped as a result, changing our weather patterns.

噴流是以而重塑，改變了我們的天氣模式。

It's impacts are felt far and wide to not just in the U.

它的影響是遠近聞名的，不只是在美國。

But around the world is to blame this year form or hurricanes in the Atlantic flooding in Australia, you name it 12th trivia.

但世界各地是責備今年的形式或颶風在大西洋洪水在澳洲，你的名字12小事。

Which of these words comes from a Latin term meaning track or rut?

這些詞中哪一個來自拉丁語，意思是軌道或車轍？

The answer here is orbit, which usually follows a curved track around something in space.

這裡的答案是軌道，它通常是沿著一條彎曲的軌道繞著太空中的某物運行。

In addition to millions of pieces of space junk like used rocket stages, parts of spacecraft and old broken satellites, there are roughly 3000 working satellites orbiting the Earth, and Mawr are about to join them is part of a single mission to give more people access to broadband Internet.

除了數以百萬計的太空垃圾，如使用過的火箭級、航天器的部件和舊的破損衛星外，大約有3000顆工作衛星在地球軌道上運行，而毛爾即將加入它們是一個單一任務的一部分，讓更多的人獲得寬帶互聯網。

It's being launched by the spaceflight company Space X, and it could add between 12,000 and 30,000 satellites.

它是由航天公司Space X發射的，它可以增加12000到30000顆衛星。

克里斯-詹姆斯，克里斯-嘿-卡爾。

On the clearest of nights I love looking up into the sky to see if I can spot a satellite or space objects making its way across the dark horizon.

在最晴朗的夜晚，我喜歡仰望天空，看看是否能發現一顆衛星或空間物體穿過黑暗的地平線。

But experts are raising the red flag about a growing problem that could change the future of space is we know it.

但是，專家們對一個日益嚴重的問題提出了警告，這個問題可能會改變我們所知道的太空的未來。

For decades, researchers have been worried that growing congestion in space could have devastating consequences.

幾十年來，研究人員一直擔心太空中日益嚴重的擁堵會帶來毀滅性的後果。

This theory is known as Kessler syndrome, which says that if space traffic becomes too dense, one single collision between two objects could set off a catastrophic domino effect that would essentially turn the space around Earth into an extraterrestrial wasteland.

這個理論被稱為凱斯勒綜合症，它說，如果太空交通變得太過密集，兩個物體之間的一次碰撞就會引發災難性的多米諾骨牌效應，基本上會把地球周圍的空間變成外星荒地。

By the way, this was the main plot line in that 2013 film gravity.

對了，這是2013年那部電影《地心引力》的主要情節線。

Robert Beck, the CEO of a launch startup company called Rocket Lab, says that his company is having a very difficult time finding clear paths for rockets tow.

一家名為Rocket Lab的發射初創公司的CEO羅伯特-貝克（Robert Beck）表示，他的公司很難為火箭牽引找到清晰的路徑。

Launch new satellites due to the sheer number of objects in space right now, especially considering Space X is rapidly growing.

由於現在太空中的物體數量太多，發射新的衛星，特別是考慮到Space X正在迅速增長。

StarLink Constellation Space X has said that they are determined to being responsible stewards of outer space, and the company has equipped it's starling satellites with the ability to automatically get out of the way just in case there are oncoming objects.

星際鏈接星座Space X表示，他們決心做一個負責任的外太空管家，該公司已經為其星際衛星配備了自動避讓的能力，以防有物體來襲。

And once operational, the Space six system could make Internet access available to the billions of people around the world who don't have it.

而太空六號系統一旦投入使用，就可以讓全世界數十億沒有互聯網的人都能上網。

As exciting as that prospect sounds, the odds of avoiding disaster Onley become slimmer with each new satellite launch, according to one expert who says that he's optimistic that we can avoid Kessler syndrome.

雖然這種前景聽起來很令人興奮，但根據一位專家的說法，每一次新的衛星發射，避免災難Onley的機率都變得越來越小，他說他樂觀地認為我們可以避免Kessler綜合症。

Companies agreed to abide by certain rules and norms of behavior.

公司同意遵守一定的規則和行為規範。

One word squid by This is a project at the University of California, San Diego.

一個字的魷魚由這是加州大學聖地亞哥分校的一個項目。

It's a soft robot that can push itself through the water.

這是一個柔軟的機器人，它可以在水中推動自己。

It can also carry a camera to keep tabs on what's happening under the waves.

它還可以攜帶攝像頭，隨時瞭解浪花下的情況。

Soft robots can be less damaging to marine life than other robots.

與其他機器人相比，軟性機器人對海洋生物的損害較小。

And while squid Bottas faster than other soft robots, its speed tops out at about half a mile per hour.

而魷魚博塔斯的速度雖然比其他軟體機器人快，但它的速度最高也就在每小時半英里左右。

瑞爾魷魚可以以24英里/小時的速度前進。

Plus it probably takes an awful lot of squid.

另外，它可能需要大量的魷魚。

I mean quid to take a shot with squid body.

我的意思是說用魷魚的身體打一槍就可以了。

That is, unless you think a special deal.

也就是說，除非你認為是特殊的交易。

I mean, paying full price is for suckers.

我的意思是，付全款是給笨蛋的。

Now, before you invertebrate me, I'm gonna go ahead and squid while I'm ahead.

在你把我變成無脊椎動物之前，我要趁著我在前面的時候，先去做個魷魚。

That's enough squid ing around and we got a squid datil.

魷魚夠多了，我們有了一個魷魚數據。

Anyway, shout out to Chapel School in Sao Paulo, Brazil.

總之，向巴西聖保羅的Chapel學校致敬。

We received your request on our YouTube channel.

我們在YouTube頻道收到了您的請求。

Have a great weekend from all of us here at CNN.