Name: 2020年美國大選日。BBC新聞評論 (US election day 2020: BBC News Review)
Uploaded: 2020-11-03T18:17:38.000Z
Duration: 9 min 51 s

Hello and welcome to News Review from BBC Learning English. I'm Neil and it  

大家好，歡迎收看BBC學英語的《新聞評論》。我是尼爾，它

情態副詞

seems like it's been a long time coming but finally today it is the US elections.

似乎已經很久了，但今天終於是美國大選了。

With me to discuss how it's being talked about in the news is Georgina. Hi Georgina.

和我一起討論新聞中如何談論它的是喬治娜。嗨，喬治娜。

Hi Neil. Hi everyone. So the US election is on Tuesday and we recorded this on Monday,  

嗨，尼爾。嗨，大家好。所以美國大選是在週二，我們是在週一錄製的。

when the candidates were in their final day of campaigning.

OK. Well, if you want to test yourself on the vocabulary that you learn today,  

好吧，如果你想測試一下自己今天所學的詞彙量好吧，如果你想測試自己的詞彙量 你今天學到的。

you can find a quiz on our website: bbclearningenglish.com.

你可以在我們的網站上找到一個測驗：bbclearningenglish.com。

OK. Let's now hear from this BBC News report for some more information on our story:

好了，現在讓我們聽聽BBC新聞的報道現在讓我們聽聽BBC新聞的報道，瞭解更多關於我們故事的資訊。

So, today is the US election and Trump and Biden have been campaigning hard to get as  

所以，今天是美國大選，特朗普和拜登一直在努力競選，爭取作為

many votes as possible. They've been traveling to the swing states to ensure that they do this.

儘可能多的選票。他們一直在前往搖擺不定的州，以確保他們這樣做。

Now, the swing states are important because this is... these are the states where it's not sure  

現在，搖擺州是重要的，因為這是... 這些州，它是不確定的。

who will win. Now, the US election is interesting because the winner isn't the  

誰會贏。現在，美國大選很有意思，因為贏家並不是那個人

person who wins the most votes across the entire country: it's all about the electoral college.

贏得全美最多選票的人：這都是選舉團的問題。

OK. Well, you've been scanning the world's media and you've picked out  

好吧好吧，你一直在掃描 世界上的媒體，你已經挑出了。

three words and expressions we can use to talk about this story. What are they?

我們可以用三個詞和表情來談論這個故事。它們是什麼？

They are: 'blitz', 'shore up' and 'final sprint'.

它們是："突擊"、"補給 "和 "最後衝刺"。

'Blitz', 'shore up' and 'final sprint'. So, let's start with your first headline please, Georgina.

"閃電戰"，"加強 "和 "最後衝刺"。那麼，讓我們從你的第一個標題開始吧，喬治娜 So, let's start with your first headline please, Georgina.

The first headline is from the Financial Times and it is:

第一個標題來自《金融時報》，它是。

'Blitz' – organised special effort to deal with a problem quickly.

'突擊'--組織專門力量迅速處理問題。

Yes. So, 'blitz' is spelt B-L-I-T-Z. Now, I don't know if you know much about your history, Neil?

是的，所以 "閃電戰 "的拼寫是B -L -I -T我不知道你是否瞭解你的歷史，尼爾？

Well, I do know the word 'blitz' is not English.  

我知道 "閃電戰 "這個詞不是英語。  

It comes from German and it was used to describe a kind of warfare:  

它來自德語，用來形容一種戰爭。

'blitzkrieg' – 'lightning war'. But this headline has nothing to do with that, does it?

"閃電戰"--"閃電戰"。但這個標題與此無關吧？

No, it's not to do with 'lightning war' or war in itself. What is to do with is the dramatic effort  

不，這與'閃電戰'或戰爭本身無關。是與戲劇性的努力有關。

that has been made, in this case to win the presidential election.  

的，在這種情況下，為了贏得總統選舉。  

So, there's... the similarity between 'blitz', as in the German meaning you're talking about,  

所以，有... ... '閃電戰'之間的相似性，因為在德國的意思 你說的。

and 'blitz' here is the kind of dramatic kind of feeling that we're getting:  

而'閃電戰'在這裡就是我們所得到的那種戲劇性的感覺。

that both the campaigners are working extremely hard to get as many votes as possible.

兩位競選人都在極力爭取儘可能多的選票。

OK. Well, we use this in two different ways,  

好吧，我們用兩種不同的方式來使用這個，我們用兩種不同的方式來使用這個。

don't we? We can use it as a noun or as a verb in a phrase.

不是嗎？我們可以把它當做名詞使用，也可以在短語中當做動詞使用。

Exactly. And it doesn't have to be used to talk about, you know, serious topics like a  

沒錯，而且不一定要用它來談論而且它沒有被用來談論， 你知道，嚴重的話題，如一個。

presidential election: it can simply be used to talk about cleaning your kitchen so that it is spotless.

總統大選：可以簡單地用來談論清潔廚房，使其一塵不染。

So, last weekend my flatmate and I 'blitzed' – we 'blitzed' the kitchen.

所以，上週末我和我的室友 "閃電 "了--我們 "閃電 "了廚房。

OK. And that doesn't mean that you attacked it with weapons; it means that you just...

好吧，那並不意味著你用武器攻擊它，而是意味著你...這並不意味著你用武器攻擊它，這意味著你只是... ...

No, we didn't, but we did attack it in the sense that we used lots of cleaning products,  

不，我們沒有，但我們確實用了很多清潔產品來攻擊它。

we went into all the corners, we dusted everywhere and it is now absolutely spotless.

我們去了所有的角落，我們到處除塵，現在絕對是一塵不染。

Right. Likewise, my children's rooms were absolutely awful – so messy and untidy –

沒錯，我的孩子的房間也是如此。

I demanded that they had a 'blitz' on their room.

我要求他們對自己的房間進行'突擊'。

Exactly. So, in that sentence you used it as a noun,  

沒錯，所以，在這句話中，你把它當做名詞用，所以，在這句話中，你把它當作名詞來用。

and in the sentence I just used before I used it as a verb.

而在剛才的句子中，我之前把它當作動詞使用。

好了，我們來總結一下這個詞：我們來總結一下這個詞。

Our next expression is a phrasal verb and if you would like to learn  

我們接下來的表達是一個短語動詞，如果你想學習

more about phrasal verbs, there's a video that you can watch, isn't there Georgina?

更多關於短語動詞，有一個視頻，你可以看，是不是有喬治娜？

好吧，那麼，讓我們來看看你的下一個標題。那麼，讓我們來看看你的下一個標題。

So, my next headline is from CNN Politics and it is:

所以，我的下一個標題來自CNN政治，它是：

'Shore up' – help support something to make sure it doesn't fail.

'Shore up'--幫助支持一些東西，以確保它不會失敗。

Yeah and this is made up of two words. It's actually a phrasal verb  

是啊，這是由兩個詞組成的。它實際上是一個短語動詞。

and the first word is spelt S-H-O-R-E and the second one is spelt U-P.

而第一個字是拼成S-H-O-R-E，第二個字是拼成U-P。

OK Georgina. This is easy, isn't it? I know what a 'shore' is: a 'shore' is where  

好吧，喬治娜這很容易，不是嗎？我知道什麼是 "岸"："岸 "是什麼地方？

the land and the sea meet, for example on an island. That's right, isn't it?

陸地和海洋的交匯處，比如說在一個島上。是的，不是嗎？

It is right, but actually in this case we're using it to talk about  

這是對的，但實際上在這種情況下，我們是用它來談的

something that physically supports something else. So, for example a piece of wood  

在物理上支持其他東西的東西。所以，比如說一塊木頭

that supports a building. You could use it to talk about a building, a wall – anything that supports  

支撐建築物的東西。你可以用它來談論一棟建築、一堵牆--任何能支撐的東西

something else. So, you could say, 'We shored up the wall with... to stop it falling over.'

其他的東西。所以，你可以說，"我們用... ...來加固牆體，防止它倒塌。

But in this case, because obviously Trump and Biden haven't got a piece of wood  

但在這種情況下，因為很明顯，特朗普和拜登還沒有得到一塊木頭。

and haven't nailed it up – they're not using it physically; they're using it figuratively.

並沒有把它釘死--他們不是在物理上使用它，而是在形象上使用它。

So, here what they're trying to do is to ensure that they get as many votes as possible,  

所以，在這裡，他們要做的是確保他們獲得儘可能多的選票。

and to do that they're visiting a lot of places – a lot of places where there's  

而為了做到這一點，他們訪問了很多地方 - 很多地方有

possible swing votes to ensure that they try and get as many as they can.

可能的搖擺票，以確保他們儘量獲得儘可能多的票數。

OK. So, 'shore' here is not the thing I was talking about, where the water and  

好吧，我知道了。所以，"岸 "在這裡不是我說的東西，那裡的水和。

the land meet; it's actually a piece of wood used to support a building,  

陸地見面；它實際上是一塊用來支撐建築物的木頭。

but here used in a figurative sense to just mean give support to something.

但這裡用在形象的意義上，只是指給某物以支持。

是的，另一個例子是：另一個例子是：  

she used the information – she used hard evidence to 'shore up' her argument.

她使用了這些資訊--她用確鑿的證據來 "支撐 "她的論點。

OK. You can 'shore up' an argument as well, yes. Good example. Shall we have a summary?

好吧，你也可以 "支撐 "一個論點，是的。你也可以 "支撐 "一個論點，是的。好例子。我們要不要來個總結？

If you would like to watch another video about the US election, we have one about the rapper  

如果你想看另一個關於美國大選的視頻，我們有一個關於說唱歌手的視頻

Kanye West, who – if you remember a while ago –said he was going to run for president as well.  

坎耶-韋斯特，他--如果你還記得不久前--說他也要競選總統。  

I think he's a little bit late onto that one now, but where can they find the link Georgina?

我覺得他現在才發現有點晚了，但他們在哪裡能找到鏈接喬治娜？

OK. Let's have a look at your next headline.

好了，我們來看看你的下一個標題。讓我們來看看你的下一個標題。

The next headline is from Al Jazeera and is:

下一個標題來自半島電視臺，是。

'Final sprint' – last big effort in a campaign.

'最後衝刺'--運動中最後的大努力。

Yes and it's made up of two words. The first word is final: F-I-N-A-L.

是的，它是由兩個字組成的。第一個詞是最終的。F -I -N -A

And the second word is sprint: S-P-R-I-N-T.

OK Georgina. Well, I know what a 'sprint' is:

好吧，喬治娜。我知道什麼是 "短跑"。

it's when you run really, really fast. Now... Yes.

就是當你跑得非常非常快的時候。現在...是的，現在...

...the interesting thing about this election is both candidates – both Trump and Biden – they're  

......這次選舉的有趣之處在於兩位候選人--無論是特朗普還是拜登--他們都是

not young guys, you know. They're in their 70s – similar age to my dad and my dad is a kind of fit  

不年輕的傢伙，你知道的。他們是在他們的70多歲 - 類似的年齡，我的父親和我的父親是一種合適的。

and healthy guy, but not even he can really sprint anymore, so what are we talking about here?

和健康的傢伙，但連他都不能真正的衝刺了，所以我們在這裡說什麼呢？

Well, yeah we're... they're using it in a figurative sense again.

嗯，是的，我們是... ... 他們使用它在一個形象的意義再次。

So, what they're using it to mean is that they have made a huge effort to  

所以，他們用它的意思是，他們已經做出了巨大的努力，以

– in the last section of their presidential campaign – to get as many votes as possible.

- 在他們總統競選的最後一節--儘可能多地獲得選票。

So, I suppose at the beginning they were a bit more relaxed about it but as,  

所以，我想在剛開始的時候，他們應該是比較放鬆的，但是由於。

you know, the US election comes closer and closer – particularly, you know,  

你知道，美國大選越來越近了--尤其是，你知道的。

today – and as we come to the, you know... find out who has actually won, they're going to  

今天 - 當我們來到，你知道... 找出誰是真正的贏家，他們將

work as hard as they can to get as many votes as possible.

儘可能地努力工作，以獲得儘可能多的選票。

OK. So, you might also use this, for example, to talk about  

好吧，那麼，你也可以用這個所以，你也可以用這個，比如說，來討論一下

preparation for an exam, where you – maybe you spend an hour every day for weeks and weeks  

準備考試，在那裡你 - 也許你花了一個小時 每天幾個星期和幾個星期

preparing, but just leading up to the exam you get into the 'final sprint':

準備，但就在考試前，你會進入 "最後的衝刺"。

you study for four or five hours every day – just that final big effort.

你每天學習四五個小時--只是最後的大努力。

Yeah, Exactly. That's a really good example and we must remember we can use it to talk about,  

是的，沒錯。這是一個非常好的例子，我們一定要記住，我們可以用它來談。

you know, a physical... an actual marathon or, you know, a Tour de France race,  

你知道，一個物理... 一個實際的馬拉松 或者，你知道，環法自行車賽。

where you know at the beginning of the race – these are very long races – you're probably a  

在比賽開始的時候你就知道--這些都是非常長的比賽--你很可能是一個很好的選手

bit more relaxed as a marathon runner or a, you know, cyclist but towards the end,

作為一個馬拉松賽跑者或一個，你知道，騎自行車的人，但更多的放鬆，但走向最後。

or coming to the finish line, you're probably going to make a, you know,  

或來到終點線， 你可能會做一個，你知道，

a little sprint – a fast sprint to get across the winning line, maybe.

一個小的衝刺--快速衝刺到勝利的彼岸，也許。

OK. So, we can use it literally as well. Let's have a summary of that:

好的。所以，我們也可以從字面上來使用。我們來總結一下。

Time now, Georgina, for a recap of our vocabulary, please.

時間到了，喬治娜，請回顧一下我們的詞彙。

Yes. So, we've got 'blitz' – organised special effort to deal with a problem quickly.

是的，所以我們有了 "突擊"--有組織的特別努力，以迅速處理問題。