Name: 權力的平衡｜2020年10月15日 (The Balance of Power | October 15, 2020)
Uploaded: 2020-11-02T20:00:40.000Z
Duration: 10 min 1 s

Look at news events happening around the world.

看看世界各地發生的新聞事件。

S presidential election that's now 19 days away.

But it's not just the presidential candidates who are on the ballot today.

但今天投票的不僅僅是總統候選人。

We're having a look at what else Americans are voting for and how things stand going into that vote.

我們要看看美國人還會投什麼票，以及投票時的情況如何。

S House of Representatives, congressmen and women served terms that last two years.

S眾議院，國會議員和婦女的任期為兩年。

The last election the midterm election was in 2018.

So that means that all 435 voting seats are up for grabs.

是以，這意味著，435個投票席位都要爭奪。

Currently, the House is controlled by members of the Democratic Party.

目前，眾議院由民主黨成員控制。

Members of the Republican Party hold 197 seats.

One member of the House is a libertarian, and there are five vacancies from seats that became available this year but haven't been filled yet.

眾議院有一名議員是自由主義者，今年有5個席位出現空缺，但尚未填補。

S Senate members served terms that last six years, this time around 35 voting seats a little more than a third of them are up for grabs.

S參議員的任期持續6年，這次圍繞35個投票席位有三分之一多一點的席位要爭奪。

Currently, the Senate is controlled by Republicans, who have 53 seats.

目前，參議院由共和黨控制，他們擁有53個席位。

Democrats have 45 seats, and two independents who vote with the Democrats have two seats, while a lot of the focus is on the candidates for the executive branch.

民主黨有45個席位，與民主黨同票的無黨派人士有兩個席位，而很多焦點是行政部門的候選人。

What happens with the congressional elections can determine how easy or difficult it is for presidents to enact the policies they pushed for on the campaign trail.

國會選舉的情況可以決定總統們頒佈他們在競選時推行的政策的容易與否。

And the vote isn't just about the executive and legislature.

而且投票的對象不僅僅是行政和立法機關。

There are a number of state and local elections taking place on November 3rd, as well as dozens of ballot measures, laws or issues that voters are allowed to decide directly.

11月3日將舉行一些州和地方選舉，還有幾十項選票措施、法律或問題讓選民直接決定。

It's states and its communities can be decided when Americans go to the polls.

它的州和它的社區可以在美國人去投票時決定。

Next up, can humans put something in the clouds to make it rain more?

接下來，人類能不能在雲層裡放點東西，讓它多下點雨？

That's one aspect of cloud seeding, and some people are asking that question in light of the Western wildfires we've told you about off the 78 major fires now burning in America, the National Interagency Fire Center says 19 of them are in California.

這是雲層播種的一個方面，有些人在問這個問題，鑑於西部野火，我們已經告訴你了，在美國現在燃燒的78場大火中，國家機構間消防中心說，其中19場在加州。

Four million acres have burned there in 2020 and the forecast for Northern California says low humidity and high winds will make conditions more dangerous through Friday.

2020年有400萬英畝的土地在那裡被燒燬，北加州的預測說，低溼度和高風將使條件更加危險，直到週五。

So is this a problem that cloud seeding could solve?

那麼這是不是雲播能解決的問題呢？

There are concerns about the environmental impact of it and whether it makes financial sense to try it.

有人擔心它對環境的影響，以及嘗試它是否有經濟意義。

It's always a few guys air creating clouds out of nowhere.

總是有幾個傢伙憑空製造雲彩。

If there's no clouds in the sky that have any moisture in them, then way can't do anything.

如果天空中的雲朵沒有任何水分，那麼方式就無能為力。

But we can do is tap into what's there and assist Mother Nature.

但我們能做的就是挖掘那裡的東西，協助大自然母親。

Kind of like a steroid kick for the clouds or something way in all of its forms.

有點像雲端的類固醇踢或什麼方式的所有形式。

A droplets epic journey from sky to see is an elegant loop that sustains all life on this planet.

水滴史詩般的旅程，從天空到看見，是一個優雅的循環，支撐著這個星球上所有的生命。

But today about a billion people are living in water scarce areas in the United States.

但如今美國約有10億人生活在缺水地區。

There's California, where in one single year a historic drought cost the state over 10,000 jobs and nearly $2 billion in lost revenue.

還有加州，在一年的時間裡，一場歷史性的乾旱讓該州損失了超過1萬個工作崗位和近20億美元的收入。

But what if we could hack into the water cycle and unlock more precious water from the clouds.

但如果我們能黑進水循環，從雲端解鎖更多珍貴的水呢。

A decades old technology long shunned by science may hold the key.

一項被科學界長期迴避的幾十年前的技術可能掌握著關鍵。

Since the 1946 experiments of Dr Vincent Schaefer, we have known that some clouds can be modified through seeding to yield additional precipitation.

自從1946年Vincent Schaefer博士的實驗以來，我們已經知道有些雲可以通過播種來產生額外的降水。

Cloud seeding is really an enhancement of the natural precipitation process, so basically you're just making the storm or efficient getting more moisture out of it exactly at To do that, pilots target clouds full of moisture and eject small amounts of an inert chemical.

雲播種是真正的自然降水過程的增強，所以基本上你只是使風暴或有效地得到更多的水分，正是在為了做到這一點，飛行員的目標雲充滿水分和噴射少量的惰性化學品。

Then the water in the cloud condenses around the new particles and gets heavy, falling to the ground as precipitation.

然後，雲中的水在新的顆粒周圍凝結，變得沉重，作為降水落到地上。

Brian Kindred is one of the company's pilots.

布萊恩-金德是該公司的飛行員之一。

He steers right into the heart of storms to fire off a special kind of pyrotechnics.

他直接駛入風暴中心，發射一種特殊的煙火。

It's a silver iodide mixture, the ideas that will be above some liquid water.

這是一種碘化銀的混合物，想法會在一些液體水上面。

And as it's falling through, it'll turn into snow.

而當它落過之後，就會變成雪。

Since the 19 forties, people have been seeding clouds and watching the effects with their own eyes.

從1940年代開始，人們就開始播種雲彩，親眼觀察效果。

But there's always been something missing.

The cold, hard scientific evidence to back it up.

In 2017 the National Science Foundation funded a study to determine cloud seatings effectiveness.

2017年，美國國家科學基金會資助了一項研究，以確定雲座的有效性。

Weather Modification International provided the planes.

天氣改造國際公司提供了飛機。

A team of scientists set out into the Idaho mountains with Doppler radars and state of the art weather stations to record what happens on the ground when planes above our cloud seeding radar images show how ice crystals formed in the clouds in the exact pattern that weather modifications pilots were flying.

一個科學家團隊帶著多普勒雷達和最先進的氣象站進入愛達荷州的山區，記錄地面上發生的事情，當飛機在我們的雲層播種雷達影像顯示，冰晶是如何在雲層中形成的，正是氣象改裝飛行員飛行的模式。

But there's still questions about its long term effects.

How does making it rain in Idaho affect what happens?

在愛達荷州下雨對發生的事情有什麼影響？

Estate over, who owns the precious water in those clouds and the effects of silver iodide on the environment are still debated.

莊園過後，那些雲中的寶水歸誰所有，碘化銀對環境的影響還在爭論中。

For now, national weather bodies have yet to endorse the practice of cloud seating.

目前，各國氣象機構還沒有認可雲坐的做法。

Again, man looks to his own efforts to increase the flow of water.

再次，人要靠自己的努力來增加水的流量。

Andi, Once again, clouds are forming in the mountains.

安迪，再一次，山裡的雲彩正在形成。

Which of these space stories made headlines in 2006?

這些空間故事中有哪些成為2006年的頭條新聞？

Was that the last shuttle mission demotion of Pluto's Kepler Mission launch or Rosetta comet landing?

那是冥王星開普勒任務發射或羅塞塔彗星降落的最後一次航天飛機任務降級嗎？

The International Astronomical Union downgraded Pluto's to dwarf planet status.

國際天文學聯盟將冥王星的地位降為矮行星。

Theo New Horizon spacecraft has traveled for more than nine years, covering over three billion miles to give us our closest view yet of Fluto.

西奧新地平線號航天器已經行駛了9年多，覆蓋了30多億英里，給我們提供了迄今為止最接近Fluto的視野。

Launched January 19th, 2000 and six from Cape Canaveral.

2000年1月19日發射，從卡納維拉爾角發射了6枚。

Piano sized spacecraft is the first to visit the icy world.

鋼琴大小的航天器是第一個訪問冰雪世界的。

Discovered more than 80 years ago when astronomer Clyde Tombaugh first Salt Ludo on February 18th, 1930 he only saw Pinpoint of light.

發現於80多年前，當天文學家克萊德-湯博在1930年2月18日第一次鹽路多時，他只看到了光的品點。

He had a telescope at Lowell Observatory in Flagstaff, Arizona.

他在亞利桑那州弗拉格斯塔夫的洛厄爾天文臺有一臺望遠鏡。

The Hubble Space Telescope, floating high above hearse atmosphere, snapped this image of Pluto's and its largest moon, Sharon.

哈勃太空望遠鏡漂浮在靈芝大氣層的高空，拍到了冥王星及其最大的衛星沙龍的這幅影像。

然後在1996年哈勃給了我們這個。

A mosaic of images snap between 2002 and 2003 was assembled in 2010 to give us the most detailed view of Pluto's.

2002年和2003年之間的馬賽克影像快照在2010年被組裝起來，給我們提供了冥王星的最詳細的視圖。

At that time, Pluto's isn't the final destination for the New Horizon spacecraft.

當時，冥王星的並不是新地平線號飛船的最終目的地。

The probe will keep flying heading deeper into space to explore a region scientists think is filled with hundreds of small, icy objects.

探測器將繼續飛向太空深處，探索一個科學家認為充滿數百個小型冰冷物體的區域。

But it's the larger, though still not large enough to be a planet icy object named Fluto.

但它是較大的，雖然仍然不夠大，但卻是一個名為弗魯託的行星冰天體。

這就是我們下一次報告的主題。

Scientists have been studying pictures and info gathered from the New Horizon spacecraft in 2015.

科學家們一直在研究2015年從 "新地平線 "號飛船上收集的圖片和資訊。

They used them to create high resolution climate simulations to try to learn more about Pluto's environment.

他們用它們創建了高分辨率的氣候模擬，試圖瞭解更多關於冥王星的環境。

And their findings, which were just published in the journal Nature Communications, indicate that Pluto's has ice capped mountain peaks just like we do on Earth.

而他們剛剛發表在《自然通訊》雜誌上的研究結果表明，冥王星的有冰蓋山峰，就像我們在地球上一樣。

The Isis chemical composition apparently gives it a reddish color, and researchers say the ice doesn't form the same way as it does on Earth, at least according to their climate simulations.

伊希斯的化學成分顯然使它呈現出紅色，研究人員表示，至少根據他們的氣候模擬，冰的形成方式與地球上的冰不一樣。

They believe there's methane gas around Pluto's that's more concentrated, and it's higher altitudes.

他們認為冥王星周圍的甲烷氣體更集中，而且海拔更高。

And that's where it forms frost on the dwarf planet's mountaintops without the need for wind or precipitation.

這就是它在矮行星的山頂上形成霜的地方，不需要風或降水。

Pluto's is 40 times farther from the sun than Earth, and no one's going skiing there.

冥王星距離太陽的距離是地球的40倍，沒有人去那裡滑雪。

那麼，為什麼會有這個問題呢？

A lead study author says the new findings show us there's a lot happening in space that we don't know about, and that even though a planet might have a mountainous landscape like the Alps, for instance, the climate can be very different from Earth's.

一位研究的主要作者說，新的研究結果向我們展示了太空中發生了很多我們不知道的事情，即使一個星球可能有像阿爾卑斯山這樣的山地景觀，例如，氣候可能與地球有很大的不同。

So scientists say studying these climates gives us more perspective on our own.

所以科學家說，研究這些氣候能讓我們對自己的氣候有更多的看法。

$700 million New Horizons mission continues.

7億美元的 "新地平線 "任務繼續進行。

The Guinness World record for longest slip and slide is 611 m, or just over 2000 ft.

金氏世界紀錄中最長的滑行記錄是611米，也就是2000英尺多一點。

This home made one measures 100 m, but it may be the fastest and Idaho college student named Joel.

這個家庭製作的測量100米，但它可能是最快的，愛達荷州的大學生名叫喬爾。

Dustin built it over the summer, using a lot of painters, tarps and a garden hose.

Dustin在夏天建造了它，用了很多油漆工、油布和一根花園水管。

His time to cover the downhill distance was 10.4 seconds, and that may earn him a world record for fastest speed on a slipping slide, Joel topped out at 32 MPH.

他完成下坡距離的時間是10.4秒，這可能為他贏得了滑行中最快速度的世界紀錄，喬爾最高時速為32英里。