HE IS THE HOST OF "COSMOS" AND THE DIRECTOR OF THE HAYDEN

他是 "宇宙 "的主持人，也是海登的導演。

PLANETARIUM AT THE AMERICAN MUSEUM OF NATURAL HISTORY.

美洲自然歷史博物館的行星儀。

PLEASE WELCOME BACK TO "A LATE SHOW," AMERICA'S FAVORITE

歡迎回到 "晚間秀"，美國最受歡迎的。

ASTROPHYSICIST, AND TEACHER, I'D SAY, NEIL deGRASSE TYSON!

天體物理學家和教師，我會說， 尼爾-德格拉斯-泰森！

NEIL, IT'S GOOD TO SEE YOU AGAIN.

尼爾，很高興再次見到你。

>> STEPHEN, IT'S BEEN TOO LONG.

>> 好久不見了。

>> Stephen: IT HAS.

>> Stephen:它已經。

I THREW IN "TEACHER" BECAUSE YOU'RE ONE OF THE GREATEST

我加了 "老師"，因為你是最偉大的人之一。

EXPLAINERS I KNOW.

我知道的解釋者。

YOU MAKE NOT ONLY LEARNING BUT THE IDEA ABOUT LEARNING

您不僅能使學習，還能使學習的理念得以實現。

INTERESTING BECAUSE YOU BURN WITH SUCH PASSION FOR KNOWLEDGE

因為你對知識充滿了熱情，所以很有興趣

THAT YOU INFECT ALL AROUND YOU.

你會傳染給你周圍的人。

YOU COUGH YOUR KNOWLEDGE AT THEM, AND IT AEROSOLIZES, AND WE

你對他們吹噓你的知識，它就會空氣化，而我們

BREATHE IT IN, AND WE WANT TO KNOW MORE.

吸收它，我們想知道更多。

WE CATCH THE FEVER, NEIL TYSON.

我們抓住了發燒，尼爾・泰森。

>> THE CONTAGION OF LEARNING, YES, OKAY.

>> 《學習的約束》，是的，好的。

>> Stephen: THE LAST TIME WE WERE TOGETHER WAS MARCH 6, AND

>> 史蒂芬：我們最後一次見面是在3月6日。

WE BUGGED OUT OF THIS THEATER ON MARCH 12?

我們在3月12日離開了這個劇院？

THIS IS THE LAST NIGHT, MARCH 12, A WEEK LATER, A LITTLE LESS

這是最後一夜，3月12日，一個星期後，少了一點。

THAN A WEEK LATER, THE LAST TIME YOU WERE ON ABOUT THE

一個星期前，你上次上節目的時候，是在說什麼？

CORONAVIRUS, YOU SAID THIS: >> IT WOULD BE INTERESTING IF WE

CORONAVIRUS，你說過： >> 如果我們有興趣的話，這將是

ALL PAID ATTENTION TO WHAT SCIENTISTS SAY AND MAYBE THE

所有的人都注意到了科學家們說的話，可能是

CORONAVIRUS WILL JUST BLOW ON BY.

CORONAVIRUS WILL JUST BLOW ON BY。

( LAUGHTER ).

（笑）：

>> Stephen: SO, NEIL, NEIL deGRASSE TYSON, HOW DID WE DO?

>> 所以，尼爾，尼爾-德格拉斯-泰森，我們做得怎麼樣？

( LAUGHING ) >> WELL, YOU KNOW, HAD YOU ASKED

（笑） >> 好吧，你知道，你問過嗎？

ME THIS A MONTH AGO, I WOULD HAVE GIVEN US MAYBE A C-MINUS,

我這個月前，我會給我們可能是一個C -MINUS。

BUT GIVEN THAT RATES ARE-- THEY'RE NOT ONLY PEAK-- THEY'RE

但是，鑑於價格是 - 他們不僅是峰值 - 他們是

SPIKING, THEY'RE HIGHER THAN EVER BEFORE SINCE THE PANDEMIC

興奮劑，它們比以往任何時候都要高，因為自大流行以來。

BEGAN.

BEGAN：

SO I'D HAVE TO GIVE IT SORT OF AN F-PLUS.

所以我得給它打一個F+。

( LAUGHING ).

（笑）：

>> Stephen: SO F-PLUS, SO FILURE, BUT EXTRAORDINARILY SO.

>> Stephen: So F-PLUS, SO FILURE, BUT EXTRAORDINARILY SO.

>> NO, THE PLUS PART IS THERE ARE MANY PEOPLE WHO HAVE NEW

>> 不，附加部分是有很多人有新的。

HABITS THAT THEY MAINTAIN.

他們保持的習慣：

SO YOU WATCH-- WE ALL WASH OUR HANDS-- NOT WE ALL-- MANY WASH

所以你看... 我們都在洗手... 不是我們都... 很多人都在洗手

OUR HANDS MORE OFTEN.

我們的手更多的時候。

YOU KNOW, WASH DOWN THE GROCERIES, YOU DO-- YOU DO--

你知道，洗掉雜貨，你做 -- 你做 --

EXACTLY.

正是如此。

SO, SO ONCE-- I GIVE IT A PLUS SIGN THERE.

所以，所以一次 - 我給它一個加號那裡。

I THINK WE HAVE A NEW MENTAL STATE.

我想我們有了一種新的精神狀態。

BUT THE "WE" IS NOT EVERYONE.

但 "我們 "並不是所有人。

AND SO, YOU KNOW, MY FAMILY HAS BEEN COVID-FREE, BECAUSE WE

所以，你知道，我的家人一直都是無病毒的，因為我們...

LISTEN TO MEDICAL PROFESSIONALS.

聽從醫學專家的意見。

THAT'S THE SECRET.

這就是祕密。

THAT'S THE SECRET, OKAY?

這就是祕密，好嗎？

I DON'T WANT TO TELL ANYBODY THAT.

我不想告訴任何人。

SO THAT'S REALLY KIND OF ALL IT TAKES.

所以，這真的是一種所有它採取。

SO, I'M DISAPPOINTED, ESPECIALLY SINCE WE'VE ALL BECOME

所以，我很失望，特別是我們都已經成為了

TRIBALLIZED OVER THIS.

三球在此。

>> Stephen: RIGHT.

>> Stephen:右邊。

>> AND, YOU KNOW, THE VIRUS DOESN'T CARE WHAT TRIBE YOU

>> 而且，你知道，病毒並不關心你是哪一族的。

BELONG TO.

屬於：

IT DOESN'T CARE WHO YOU HAVE SEX WITH, WHO YOU WORSHIP, WHAT YOUR

它不在乎你和誰發生性關係，你崇拜誰，你的生活方式是什麼

SKIN COLOR IS, WHAT SIDE OF THE LINE IN THE SAND YOU WERE BORN

膚色是，你出生在沙子的哪一邊？

OIT CAN INFECT YOU SIMPLY BECAUSE YOU ARE HUMAN.

它能感染你很簡單，因為你是人。

AND BY BIG DISAPPOINTMENT IS WE AS HUMANS DIDN'T BAND TOGETHER

而最讓人失望的是我們人類沒有團結在一起

TO FIRE DEPARTMENT COMMON ENEMY.

對消防部門共同的敵人。

>> Stephen: LIKE IN THE MOVIES WHEN THE ALIENS LAND HUMANS BAND

>> 史蒂芬：像在電影中，當外星人登陸人類樂隊。

TOGETHER AND PUT OUR DIFFERENCES ASIDE.

團結起來，把我們的分歧放在一邊。

THE VIRUS IS THE ALIEN.

病毒是外星人。

>> THE VIE-- THIS IS A DRY RUN FOR WHEN THE ALIENS COME--

>> 這是為外星人來的時候做準備的。

EXCUSE ME, IF THE ALIENS COME.

對不起，如果外星人來了。

>> Stephen: YOU JUST SAID "WHEN."

>> 你剛才說的是 "什麼時候"。

YOU BLEW YOUR COVER, NEIL TYSON.

你吹你的封面，尼爾・泰森。

LET'S TALK ABOUT THE SKY A LITTLE BIT HERE.

讓我們來談談天空吧。

HALLOWEEN TREAT.

HALLOWEEN TREAT.

TOMORROW'S HALLOWEEN.

明天就是萬聖節了。

BLUE MOON TOMORROW.

藍月亮的明天。

WHAT DOES BLUE MOON MEAN AGAIN?

藍月亮又是什麼意思？

>> OH, YES, SO, IF YOU CAN SQUEEZE TWO FULL MOONS IN A

>> 哦，是的，所以，如果你能擠出兩個滿月在一個

MONTH, THEN THE SECOND OF THOSE FULL MOONS IS CALLED A BLUE

每月，然後這些滿月的第二個被稱為藍月。

MOON.

月亮：

THE TERM HAS BEEN AROUND FOR-- SINCE THE EARLY 1800s.

這個詞從19世紀初就開始出現了。

AND THE MOON ISN'T ACTUALLY BLUE.

而月亮實際上並不是藍色的。

ALL THE MOONS-- ALL THE FULL MOONS OF THE YEAR HAVE NAMES.

所有的月亮--今年所有的滿月都有名字。

SOME ARE FAMILIAR LIKE THE HARVEST MOON.

有些是熟悉的，如收割月。

>> Stephen: SURE.

>> Stephen: SURE.

>> AND THE MOON IN JUNE, BY THE WAY, NEVER GETS TOO HIGH IN THE

>> 而六月的月亮，順便說一句，永遠不會太高。

SKY SO IT TAKES ON SORT OF AN AMBLE SUNSHINE COLOR, THE WHOLE

天空是以呈現出一種琥珀色的陽光，整個天空都是這樣的

TRIP, SO THAT'S CALLED THE HONEYMOON.

旅行，所以這就是所謂的蜜月。

SO THE JUNE FULL MOON IS THE HONEYMOON.

所以六月滿月是蜜月。

SO IT'S FUN, CULTURAL FACTS.

所以它的樂趣，文化事實。

TO TRY TO SQUEEZE IT INTO A MONTH YOU NEED A LONGER MONTH,

要想在一個月內擠出時間，你需要更長的一個月。

SO FEBRUARY IS OUT OF LUCK HERE.

所以，二月是不走運的。

IT WILL NEVER GET A BLUE MOON.

它永遠不會得到一個藍月亮。

>> Stephen: THIS WEEK, RESEARCHERS FOUND WATER AND ICE

>> Stephen:本週，研究人員發現了水和冰。

ON THE MOON.

在月球上。

TWO THINGS-- WE ALREADY KNEW THERE WAS ICE, RIGHT, ON THE

有兩件事情 -- 我們已經知道有冰塊，就在這上面

SOUTH POLL OF THE MOON?

月亮的南極星？

>> YEAH, DEEP IN THE CRATERS WITH-- FORGIVE ME-- WHERE THE

>> 是的，在墓穴深處，有... ... 原諒我...

SUN DON'T SHINE, THE CRATER RIMS --

太陽不發光，CRATER RIMS --

>> Stephen: DOWN SOUTH.

>> Stephen:南下。

>> ARE HIGH ENOUGH SO THE LONG SUN CASTS A SHADOW, AND THEY'RE

>> 高處不勝寒，所以長陽放出陰影，他們是

CALLED COAL TRAPS.

被稱為煤軌。

WATER SCATTERS ON TO THE SURFACE.

水濺到地面上。

IF THIS LANDS INTO THAT COLD TRAP IT'S THERE FOR BILLIONS OF

如果這東西落入冰冷的陷阱，它就會在那裡呆上幾十億年。

YEARS.

年。

IF IT HITS ANYWHERE ELSE, THE SUN HITS IT AND IT EVAPORATES

如果它擊中其他地方，太陽擊中它，它就會蒸發。

YEAH.

是的。

YOU DON'T HAVE TO BE IN THE COLD TRAP AND STILL FIND-- I DON'T

你不必在寒冷的陷阱中，仍然發現 - 我不知道。

WANT TO CALL IT A REZ ZOR, BUT A SUPPOSITORY OF HIGH QUANTITIES.

想把它稱為一個REZ ZOR，但一個假設的高數量。

THERE ARE NO SKATING RINKS, BUT IF YOU MAKE A MACHINE TO DO

這裡沒有滑冰圈，但如果你做一個機器做

THIS, YOU CAN SIFT THROUGH THE SOSOSOILS AND GATHER THE WATER

這，你可以通過SOSOSOILS篩選並收集水。

MOLECULES.

大分子：

YOU WANT TO DO THAT, OTHERWISE YOU HAVE TO CARRY THE WATER TO

你想這樣做，否則你就得把水運過去。

THE MOON WITH YOU, AND WHY DO THAT, IF IT'S WAITING FOR YOU

月亮和你在一起，如果它在等你，為什麼要這麼做？

WHEN YOU GET THERE.

當你到了那裡，

>> Stephen: OBVIOUSLY WE NEED TO DRINK WATER, BUT WHY ELSE DO

>> 斯蒂芬：顯然我們需要喝水，但為什麼還要喝水呢？

WE NEED WATER UP THERE?

我們需要水在那裡？

>> OH, OH, WELL, OKAY, SO, WATER, IF YOU BUILD A LITTLE

>> 哦，哦，好吧，好吧，那麼，水，如果你建立一個小的

FACTORY TO MAKE THIS HAPPEN, H20, REMEMBER, IT'S H20--

廠家讓這一切發生，H20，記住，這是H20--

SEPARATE THE HYDROGEN FROM THE OXYGEN.

將氫與氧分開。

AND ONCE YOU DO THAT, THESE TWO, IF THEY EVER RECOMBINE, GIVE OFF

一旦你這樣做，這兩個人，如果他們再結合，會發出

ENERGY.

能源：

YOU REMEMBER FROM CHEMISTRY, THAT WOULD BE CALLED AN

你還記得從化學領域，這將被稱為一個。

EXOTHERMIC REACTION.

出熱反應：

THE WATER YOU CAN DRINK, AND YOU CAN USE IT AS ROCKET FUEL TO GET

你可以喝的水，你可以用它作為火箭燃料來獲得。

BACK.

返回。

IT'S IN SITUE RESOURCE TO USE THAT.

這是在這裡的資源使用。

IT COSTS $10,000 A POUND TO PUT ANYTHING IN ORBIT.

把任何東西送入軌道的成本是1萬美元一磅。

IF NASA WANTS TO SEND YOU WITH A BOTTLE OF EFIAN, IT'S $10,000.

如果美國宇航局想送你一罐艾菲安，要一萬塊錢。

IF I CAN MINE THAT WATER IN SPACE AND SELL IT TO NASA FOR

如果我可以在太空中開採這些水，然後賣給太空總署

$9,000, THEY'RE BUYING IT.

9,000美元，他們在買它。

SO THERE'S A WHOLE FUTURE ECONOMY, SPACE ON SPACE.

所以有一個完整的未來經濟，空間上的空間。

>> Stephen: IS THERE ANY LIQUID WATER ON THE MOON?

>> 史蒂芬：月球上有水嗎？

IS THERE A CHANCE FOR THAT?

還有機會嗎？

OR IS THE VACUUM TOO HARD AND IT WOULD JUST--

或者是真空太硬，它只是 --

>> REMEMBERING SOME CHEMISTRY FOR YOU THERE.

>> 記住一些化學原理為你在那裡。

WITH NO ATMOSPHERIC PRESSURE, THE WATER CAN'T-- IS NOT STABLE

在沒有氣壓的情況下，水不能... ... 是不穩定的。

AS A LIQUID.

液體：

PLUS, THEY'RE JUST SORT OF MOLECULES THERE EMBEDDED IN THE

而且，他們只是一些小分子，在那裡嵌入了

SOILS.

土壤：

SO-- BUT IF IT GETS TOO HOT, IT WILL FLY AWAY.

所以... ... 但是，如果它得到太熱， 它會飛走。

IT'S THAT REGION AROUND THE CRATERS.

是圍繞著CRATERS的那個區域。

SO THIS IS MORE WATER THAN WE THOUGHT.

所以這比我們想象的要多。

>> Stephen: BIG DAY COMING UP.

>> Stephen:大日子即將到來。

THIS IS NO SURPRISE.

這並不奇怪。

ELECTION DAY IS ON TUESDAY.

選舉日是星期二。

YOU MENTIONED EARLIER THIS MONTH-- LET ME GET THIS RIGHT UP

你這個月早些時候提到過... ...讓我把它弄好吧

HERE.

這裡。

THERE YOU GO.

你去那裡。

NEIL TYSON WARNS ASTEROID COULD HIT EARTH THE DAY BEFORE THE

尼爾-泰森警告說，隕石可能在前一天撞擊地球

ELECTION.

選舉：

DON'T PANIC.

不要驚慌。

YOU CAN STILL VOTE.

你仍然可以投票。

I HEARD ABOUT THIS.

我聽說過這個。

I HEARD ABOUT THIS ASTEROID THAT'S WHIZZING BY ON MONDAY.

我聽說這個星體週一會呼嘯而過。

AND JON STEWART'S FREAKED OUT ABOUT IT, BY THE WAY.

而JON STEWART也被嚇壞了，順便說一下

I TOLD HIM I WOULD ASK YOU ABOUT THIS.

我告訴他我要問你這個問題。

WHAT HAPPENS IF IT DOES HIT?

如果它被擊中會發生什麼？

AND WHAT'S THE PROBABILITY?

什麼是概率？

>> ALL RIGHT, SO, FIRST, IT'S ABOUT THE SIZE OF A

>> 好吧，那麼，首先，它的大小和一個人的大小差不多。

REFRIGERATOR, AND SO THESE ARE INTERESTING AND INTRIGUING

冰箱，所以這些都是有趣的和令人感興趣的。

OBJECTS, BUT THEY'RE NOT DANGEROUS TO US.

物品，但它們對我們沒有危險。

SO EVEN-- BY THE WAY, WHEN I TWEETED ABOUT THIS, I DIDN'T SAY

所以，即使... ... 順便說一句，當我在微博上談論這個，我沒有說，

IT WAS GOING TO HIT.

它是要去打。

I SAID IT MAY INTU BUZZ CUT US T DAY BEFORE.

我說過，它可能會在前一天把我們的INDU BUZZ切掉。

>> Stephen: IT COULD HIT EARTH.

>> Stephen:它可能會擊中地球。

THAT'S IN PRINT.

這是在印刷品。

YOU'RE CALLING THE HILL-- ALL RIGHT.

你叫山丘 -- 好吧。

>> THERE'S A ONE HALF OF 1% CHANCE IT WILL HIT EARTH.

>>有一半的1%的概率會撞上地球。

BUT EVEN IF IT DOES, OKAY, IT'S GOING 25,000 MILES AN HOUR,

但即使它這樣做，好吧，它去25000英里每小時。

ABOUT SEVEN MILES PER SECOND -- >> Stephen: THAT'S BOOKIN'.

大約每秒七英里 -- >> Stephen:這就是預訂。

>> TOTALLY BOOKIN'.

>> 完全預訂。

IT'S AT LEAST THAT SPEED, IF IT DIDN'T HAVE EXTRA VELOCITY

如果它沒有額外的速度，它至少有這個速度。

COMING IN.

進來。

AT 25,000 MILES AN HOUR, YOU HIT EARTH'S ATMOSPHERE, IT'S LIKE A

以每小時25,000英里的速度，你撞上了地球的大氣層，就像撞上了一個人。

BRICK WALL.

磚牆。

IT HITS IT, EXPLODES, SCATTERS INTO A ZILLION PIECES, AND SOME

它擊中了它，爆炸了，飛濺成一百萬片，還有一些。

OF THOSE ROCKS REACH EARTH.

那些岩石到達地球。

IT WILL BE A VISIBLE EXPLOSION IF IT HITS, VISIBLE IN THE SKY.

它將是一個可見的爆炸，如果它擊中，可見在天空中。

YOU MIGHT EVEN HEAR A SHOCKWAVE.

你甚至可能會聽到一個衝擊波。

IT'S NOT GOING TO HURT ANYBODY.

它不會傷害任何人。

THERE'S NO DAMAGE.

沒有損壞。

THERE'S NO EXCUSE TO NOT VOTE.

沒有理由不投票。

>> Stephen: HOW BIG-- GOOD, GO VOTE, EVERYBODY.

>> Stephen:如何大 - 好，去投票，每個人。

ALL IS NOT LOST.

一切都沒有失去。

HOW BIG-- YOU SAY THE SIZE OF A REFRIGERATOR IS NOT BIG ENOUGH

多大--你說冰箱的尺寸不夠大？

TO, LIKE PENETRATE ALL THE WAY THROUGH AND HIT ME ON THE HEAD.

要，像penetrate所有的方式通過 並打我的頭。

>> CORRECT.

>> 正確。

>> Stephen: HOW BIG DOES IT HAVE TO BE?

>> Stephen:它要多大？

>> SO THE ONES WE ARE REALLY WORRIED ABOUT ARE THE ONES THAT

>> 所以，我們真正擔心的人是那些

ARE HALF A MILE ACROSS.

是半英里的距離。

SMALLER THAN THAT WILL STILL HIT THE EARTH BUT THEY WON'T DISRUPT

比這更小的物體仍會撞擊地球，但它們不會破壞地球。

CIVILIZATION.

文明化：

WHEN YOU GET TO HALF A MILE ACROSS YOU DO THINGS LIKE

當你走到半英里的時候，你就會做一些事情，如

DISRUPT THE TRANSPORTATION GRID.

破壞交通網。

IT WILL HIT, CAUSE FIRES.

它將擊中，引起火災。

>> Stephen: SURE.

>> Stephen: SURE.

>> SO A FULL-UP DISASTER, AND THAT AND UP IS WHERE YOU REALLY

>> 所以，一個滿負荷的災難，而這和向上是你真正的地方。

NEED TO WORRY.

需要擔心。

AND FORTUNATELY, THE BIGGER ASTEROIDS ARE EASIER TO DETECT.

幸運的是，更大的星體更容易被發現。

SO WE WANT TO GET AS COMPLETE A CATALOG AS WE CAN, DOWN TO THE

是以，我們希望儘可能完整地獲得一份目錄，直到最後。

SMALLEST THAT WE CAN.

最小的，我們可以。

THE PROBLEM IS WHEN THEY'RE LITTLE AND THEY GO AWAY FROM US

問題是當他們小的時候，他們離開了我們。

AFTER THEY COME NEAR, WE LOSE THEM.

他們靠近後，我們就失去了他們。

SO WE HAVE TO SORT OF PROJECT THEIR ORBIT AND LOOK FOR IT ON

所以，我們必須推算出它的軌道，並在上面尋找它。

THE BACK SIDE ON THE WAY BACK.

後面在回來的路上。

THAT'S THE PROBLEM WITH THE ELECTION DAY ASTEROID.

這就是選舉日星象的問題。

IT WAS DISCOVERED TWO YEARS AGO.

兩年前就被發現了。

WE ONLY HAD A FEW DAYS OF ITS ORBIT IN ORDER TO CALCULATE THE

我們只用了幾天的時間來計算它的軌道。

ENTIRE ORBIT, AND THEN IT WENT AND GOT DISAPPEARED, OKAY.

整個軌道，然後它去了，消失了，好嗎。

SO WE SHOULD BE RECOVERING THAT ANY MINUTE NOW, ACTUALLY.

所以，我們應該是恢復，現在任何一分鐘，實際上。

>> Stephen: WE HAVE TO TAKE A QUICK BREAK, NEIL.

>> Stephen:我們要休息一下，尼爾。

BUT STICK AROUND, EVERYBODY.

但堅持下去，每個人。

WHEN WE COME BACK, I'M GOING TO ASK NEIL deGRASSE TYSON

等我們回去後，我要去問尼爾-德格拉斯-泰森。