flew into a flock of Canadian geese

飛進了加拿大鵝群中

shortly after taking off from New York's LaGuardia Airport.

從紐約拉瓜迪亞機場起飛後不久。

The plane lost all engine power while flying over Manhattan.

飛機在飛越曼哈頓上空時，引擎動力全失。

Their options?

他們的選擇？

Attempt to land on the Hudson River

試圖在哈德遜河登陸

or crash into one of the densest cities in the US.

或撞向美國最密集的城市之一。

Clip: I don't know. I think he said he was

夾子我不知道，我想他說我想他說他是

going in the Hudson.

在哈德遜河裡去。

Narrator: Thanks to clear conditions, expert piloting,

旁白：多虧了晴朗的環境，專業的駕駛。

and a quick response from emergency crews,

以及應急人員的快速反應。

all 150 passengers survived.

150名乘客全部生還。

You may have heard this story before,

你可能聽過這個故事。

but it's not the only time

但這不是唯一一次

something like this has happened.

發生了這樣的事情。

And despite that success,

儘管成功。

landing a plane on the water is extremely dangerous.

飛機在水上降落是非常危險的。

Ditching is a controlled emergency landing on water.

甩尾是指在水面上的控制性緊急降落。

It can be caused by almost anything,

它幾乎可以由任何東西引起。

but usually it's because of engine failure

但通常是因為發動機故障

or running out of fuel.

或燃料耗盡。

Pilots only decide to ditch an aircraft

飛行員只決定拋棄飛機

when there is no better alternative.

當沒有更好的選擇時。

Despite the difficulty,

儘管困難重重。

pilots don't undergo extensive training on ditching.

飛行員沒有經過廣泛的溝渠訓練。

Chesley Sullenberger, the pilot of US Airways Flight 1549,

Chesley Sullenberger，全美航空1549班機的飛行員。

told The Telegraph in 2018:

在2018年告訴《電訊報》。

Carolina Anderson: You really don't practice,

卡羅萊納-安德森。你真的不練習。

not even in the airplane

不在飛機上

or in the simulator,

或在模擬器中。

but most airlines will cover it in training.

但大多數航空公司會在培訓中涵蓋它。

But it's not something

但這不是什麼

that is mandated for every airplane.

這是規定每架飛機都要做的。

Narrator: That's Carolina Anderson.

旁白：那是Carolina Anderson

She's an associate professor of aeronautical science

她是航空科學的副教授。

at Embry-Riddle Aeronautical University.

在Embry-Riddle航空大學。

Anderson pointed out that it's rare

安德森指出，這是罕見的

to have to ditch an airplane.

不得不拋棄飛機。

Anderson: It's not something that is very common.

安德森。這不是很常見的事情。

You see them in smaller airplanes more often,

你在小飛機上看到的更多。

in big airliners not very often.

在大型客機上並不常見。

Narrator: Planes are usually tested using simulations,

旁白：飛機通常都是通過模擬測試的

rather than actual bodies of water.

而不是實際的水體。

The aircraft needs to float long enough

飛機需要漂浮足夠長的時間

for passengers to evacuate.

讓乘客疏散。

But pilots have to worry about more than just the plane.

但飛行員要擔心的不僅僅是飛機。

Unlike landing on a runway, there are a lot of variables

和在跑道上降落不同，有很多變數。

that are out of the pilot's control.

飛行員無法控制的。

The most obvious is the waves.

最明顯的就是浪花。

The larger the waves, the more dangerous the landing.

波浪越大，登陸越危險。

Pilots try to land parallel to the waves,

飛行員儘量與海浪平行降落。

instead of across them,

而不是跨越它們。

so the waves don't push the plane around,

所以波浪不會把飛機推來推去。

which could cause damage to the plane,

這可能會對飛機造成損害。

injure passengers, and make evacuating more difficult.

傷乘客，增加疏散難度。

Like in 1956, when Pan Am Flight 6 had to ditch

就像1956年，泛美航空6號班機不得不放棄了

in the Pacific between Honolulu and San Francisco.

檀香山和舊金山之間的太平洋地區。

Upon landing, a wing hit a swell,

落地後，一個機翼撞上了一個浪頭。

rotating the plane 180 degrees,

將飛機旋轉180度。

damaging the nose, and breaking off the tail.

損壞鼻子，斷掉尾巴。

Luckily, everyone survived.

幸運的是，大家都活了下來。

While ditching, pilots have to keep the wings level

俯衝時，飛行員必須保持機翼水準。

and maintain an incoming angle

並保持一個入射角

that's not too steep to prevent a hard impact.

這不是太陡峭，以防止硬衝擊。

Inside the plane, the passengers will be told

在飛機上，乘客會被告知

to brace for impact.

來支撐衝擊。

And anything loose in the cabin will need to be tied down.

而船艙裡任何鬆動的東西都需要綁住。

Another huge factor is the weather.

另一個巨大的因素是天氣。

Clear conditions give a pilot better control

晴朗的條件下，飛行員可以更好地控制

over the aircraft and increased visibility.

飛機上空，增加能見度。

Pilots balance all of these variables

飛行員平衡所有這些變量

in order to prevent the aircraft from breaking apart.

為了防止飛機散架。

If a plane breaks upon impact,

如果飛機在撞擊時破裂。

there is a huge risk of flooding.

存在著巨大的水災風險。

Anderson: You're not going to float for very long,

安德森你不會漂浮很久。

and if you land too hard, the chances of breaking it

如果你落得太狠，就會有機會摔斷它。

are very high because water is going to get in

很高，因為水會進入。

and it's going to start sinking.

就會開始下沉。

Narrator: And if a plane flips over,

旁白：如果一架飛機翻了

flooding will occur much faster.

淹沒的速度會快很多。

Anderson: Basically, you want to touch down as slow

安德森。基本上，你要儘可能慢地著陸。

and as soft as possible.

並儘可能的柔軟。

If the airplane has retractable landing gear,

如果飛機有可伸縮的起落架。

you want the gear to be up

你想把裝備升起來

and you want the flaps to be completely down.

而且你要把襟翼完全放下。

Narrator: If the landing is successful,

旁白：如果登陸成功

the next step is getting everyone off the plane.

下一步是讓大家下飛機。

Which has to happen quickly,

這必須儘快發生。

since the Federal Aviation Administration requires planes

因為聯邦航空管理局要求飛機

to be able to be evacuated within 90 seconds.

能夠在90秒內撤離；

Thankfully, modern planes are equipped

幸運的是，現代飛機配備了

with a bunch of safety features to help

具備一系列的安全功能，以幫助

passengers if an aircraft is ditched.

如果飛機拋錨，乘客。

Commercial planes use rafts and flotation devices

商用飛機使用筏子和漂浮裝置

like life preservers.

像保命符一樣。

They also come with flares and emergency radios.

它們還配有照明彈和應急無線電。

Airplanes are designed so that a water landing

飛機的設計是為了讓飛機在水面降落

won't cause immediate harm to passengers.

不會對乘客造成直接傷害。

Many ditching-related deaths are from drowning,

許多與溝渠有關的死亡都是由於溺水。

not the impact.

而不是影響。

But don't let this discourage you from flying.

但不要是以而放棄飛行。

Forced water landings are unlikely to happen,

強制水面降落的情況不太可能發生。

especially on a commercial flight.

特別是在商業班機上。

Whenever flying, you should listen

無論何時飛行，你都應該聽從

to safety instructions carefully.

仔細閱讀安全說明。

And always remain calm.

並始終保持冷靜。