I'm Tom. Joining me this morning is Catherine. Hi Catherine.

我是湯姆今天早上和我一起的是凱瑟琳嗨，凱瑟琳

Hello Tom. Hello everybody. Today's story is all about

你好，湯姆大家好，今天的故事是關於今天的故事是關於

President Donald Trump's tax returns.

唐納德-特朗普總統的納稅申報。

And don't forget – if you want to test yourself on

不要忘了--如果你想測試自己在

today's vocabulary, you can go to bbclearningenglish.com to find a quiz.

今天的詞彙，你可以去bbclearningenglish.com找一個測驗。

Now, let's listen to the audio clip from a BBC Radio 2 news bulletin:

現在，讓我們聽聽BBC第二電臺新聞公告的音頻片段。

So, a report in The New York Times in the United States

所以，美國《紐約時報》的一篇報道說

gives an insight into Donald Trump's financial

讓人看到了唐納德-特朗普的財務。

situation. Now it says that he paid only $750 in tax in the year that he became

的情況。現在卻說他在成為 "大老闆 "的那一年只交了750元的稅。

US president. It also says that rather than making a lot of money

美國總統。還說，而不是賺大錢

he's actually lost a great amount of money

虧得一塌糊塗呢

during the last few years. Now, Donald Trump

在過去的幾年裡。現在，唐納德-特朗普

says that this is a fake story.

說這是一個假故事。

'It's fake news!' Yes, and we've got three

"這是假新聞！是的，我們有三個

words and expressions that you can use to talk about this story.

你可以用來談論這個故事的詞語和表達方式。

Yes, we have: 'sink', 'lashes out' and 'sham'.

是的，我們有。"沉淪"、"憤怒 "和 "恥辱"。

'Sink', 'lashes out' and 'sham'.

'沉'、'抨擊'、'假'。

Catherine, let's take a look at your first headline, please.

凱瑟琳，讓我們看看你的第一個標題，請。

Of course. We are starting in the United States

當然，我們從美國開始。我們從美國開始

with NBC News. Now, the headline goes like this:

與NBC新聞。現在，標題是這樣的：

'Lashes out' – criticises someone angrily and suddenly.

'大發雷霆'--突然憤怒地責備別人。

Yes. 'Lashes out' – L-A-S-H-E-S – and the second word is out – O-U-T.

是的，"Lashes out"--L-A-S-H-E-S---第二個詞是 "O-U-T"。

It's a phrasal verb. The infinitive form is lash: L-A-S-H... O-U-T. 'Lash out'

這是一個短語動詞。不定式是lash: L-A-S-H...S -H... O -U"抨擊"。

'Lashes out'. Now, are there any prepositions we can use with 'lash out'?

'大發雷霆'。現在，我們有什麼介詞可以和'發火'一起使用嗎？

Yes, you can lash out at somebody or something.

是的，你可以對某人或某事大發雷霆。

You can lash out against somebody or something.

你可以對某人或某事大發雷霆。

And what you're doing when you lash out is you're showing anger. You're showing a

當你發火的時候，你在做什麼，你在表現出憤怒。你表現出的是一種

lot of anger: you show it very quickly and very suddenly.

大量的憤怒：你表現得非常快，非常突然。

Sometimes because you think that you're being attacked

有時是因為你認為你被攻擊了。

and sometimes for no reason at all.

有時還無緣無故的。

I remember the other day, Tom, yes – I gave

我記得有一天，湯姆，是的，我給了...

a tiny little suggestion for your programme, didn't I? Do you remember?

我給你的節目提了個小小的建議，不是嗎？你還記得嗎？

I said you had a lovely programme and I really enjoyed it;

我說你的節目很可愛，我很喜歡。

I just thought it was a bit heavy and one or two jokes

我只是覺得它有點沉重，一兩個笑話而已

might be a small improvement. I like the programme

可能是一個小小的進步。我喜歡這個方案

but a joke or two might be nice. Remember?

但一兩個笑話可能是不錯的。記得嗎？

Well... well... well do you know what, Catherine? I'm just going to stop you there

好吧... 好吧... 你知道嗎，凱瑟琳？我只是要阻止你

because sometimes people are tired, sometimes they're stressed,

因為有時候人很累，有時候壓力很大。

sometimes it's difficult to make a programme and to be honest,

有時候，做一個節目很難，說實話。

I think you have lots of problems with your programmes anyway.

反正我覺得你的方案有很多問題。

Ooooh... OK... Not another word from me then, Tom.

哦...好吧，那我就不說了，湯姆。

There's no need to lash out like that. You can see I was

沒必要這樣大發雷霆。 你可以看到我是

lashing out against you there. I was responding angrily and suddenly.

在那裡對你大發雷霆。我當時突然憤怒地迴應。

Yes and I love all your programmes anyway Tom – I was just joking.

是的，反正我喜歡你所有的節目，湯姆--我只是開個玩笑。

So I'm a person. President Trump is a person.

所以我是一個人。特朗普總統是一個人。

Is it always people that lash out?

難道總是有人發火嗎？

Often but not always. You imagine, you know, if you're a cat person

經常，但不一定。你想象一下，你知道，如果你是個喜歡貓的人

or if you know what cats can be like: one minute they're happy,

或者如果你知道貓咪是什麼樣子的：前一分鐘它們還很高興。

the next minute they're trying to fight you and bite you.

下一秒他們就想打你，咬你。

They lash out, often for no reason and other animals

它們經常無緣無故地發火，而其他的動物

can do it as well so... yeah, an attack – a sudden attack that

可以做到這一點，所以... ... 是的，一個攻擊 - 一個突然的攻擊，即

comes from nowhere is 'lashing out'.

不知從何而來的是'抨擊'。

'To lash out' – to attack angrily and suddenly.

'大發雷霆'--憤怒地突然攻擊。

Now, we have some more videos on phrasal verbs, don't we?

現在，我們還有一些短語動詞的視頻，不是嗎？

We have loads of videos on phrasal verbs.

我們有大量關於短語動詞的視頻。

To watch just one of them, click the link. Click the link.

如果只想看其中一個，請點擊鏈接。點擊鏈接。

OK. Catherine, can we have our next headline, please?

好的凱瑟琳，我們可以有我們的下一個標題，好嗎？

Of course. We're going to The Guardian, here in the UK, now. The headline:

當然，我們現在要去英國的《衛報》。我們現在要去英國的《衛報》。頭條新聞

'Sink' – cause to fail. Now, this isn't the main definition of 'sink'.

'下沉'--導致失敗。現在，這不是'水槽'的主要定義。

No. We'll look at the main definition first and then we'll go to

不，我們先看主要的定義，然後再去看

the definition we're looking at today. So, 'sink' is a verb – S-I-N-K.

我們今天看到的定義。所以，"沉 "是一個動詞--S-I-N-K。

It means – the main definition is when something falls to the bottom of something.

它的意思是--主要定義是當某物落到某物的底部時。

So, if something – if the Titanic for example,

所以，如果有什麼事情--比如說泰坦尼克號。

the famous ship, sank in the ocean. It went right

那艘著名的船，在海里沉了。它就這麼沉了

to the bottom of the ocean.

到海底。

So, to sort of go to the bottom below the surface, right?

所以，要算是到了地表以下的底層，對吧？

Exactly. Below the surface is quite important in this definition.

正是如此。在這個定義中，表面以下是相當重要的。

If you think – if you're baking a cake, you put your cake

如果你認為--如果你在烤蛋糕，你把你的蛋糕。

in the oven: it should rise but sometimes it goes

在烤箱中：它應該上升，但有時它去。

horribly wrong and again it moves right down to the

錯得很離譜，再一次直達 "我"。

bottom of the pan and you have a horrible cake, which is

鍋底，你有一個可怕的蛋糕，這是

soggy and horrible. So, 'sinking' in its main meaning means

溼漉漉的，可怕的。所以，'沉淪'的主要含義是指

going to the bottom and we have to say that, you know,

去底部，我們不得不說，你知道。

that cake would be a failure.

蛋糕將是一個失敗。

And that is the second definition of 'sink' that we're looking at today.

這就是我們今天要看的 "沉 "的第二個定義。

'To sink' means to fail.

'沉'就是失敗的意思。

Now, 'sink' is an irregular verb, isn't it?

現在，"沉 "是一個不規則動詞，不是嗎？

It is, yeah. The past of 'sink' is 'sank'.

是的，是的。'沉'的過去是'沉'。

The past participle is 'sunk'.

過去分詞是'沉'。

So, what is the headline saying about President Trump?

那麼，頭條對特朗普總統的評價是什麼？

So, if something 'sinks you' it causes your failure .

所以，如果有什麼事情讓你 "沉淪"，就會導致你的失敗 。

So, is 'sink' just for people?

那麼，'沉'是隻針對人的嗎？

No, no. Organisations can sink, projects can sink or... events can sink projects.

不，不。組織可以下沉，項目可以下沉或... 事件可以下沉項目。

So, businesses, projects, ideas: lots of things can sink.

所以，企業、項目、想法：很多東西都可以沉澱。

If it can succeed, it can sink.

能成功，就能沉淪。

If it can succeed, it can fail: it can sink. It can fail very strongly.

如果它可以成功，它也可以失敗：它可以沉沒。它可以非常強烈地失敗。

Thank you, Catherine.

謝謝你，凱瑟琳。

And we've got another video about a famous sinking, don't we?

我們還有一個關於著名的沉沒的視頻，不是嗎？

Yes, we do. We mentioned the Titanic just before: we have a video about the Titanic.

是的，我們有。剛才我們提到了泰坦尼克號：我們有一個關於泰坦尼克號的視頻。

Just click the link to watch it.

點擊鏈接觀看即可。

Catherine, can we have your next headline, please?

凱瑟琳，我們可以有你的下一個標題，好嗎？

Yes. We're back in the US now. We're at CNN and the headline is:

是的，我們現在回到了美國。我們現在回到了美國。我們在CNN，頭條是：

'Sham' – something intended to trick or deceive people.

Yes. This is a noun – S-H-A-M – 'sham'.

是的，這是一個名詞--S-H-A-M--"sham"。

Now, if something is a 'sham', it's fake: it's not real, it's a trick, it's an illusion.

現在，如果有些東西是'假的'，那就是假的：它不是真的，它是個騙局，是個幻覺。

CNN are saying that Donald Trump's image that he's created of himself

有線電視新聞網說，唐納德-特朗普的形象 他創造的自己

as successful, tax-paying – making lots of money –

作為成功的、納稅的、賺大錢的

they're saying actually he didn't make much money at all. In fact, he lost

他們說其實他根本就沒賺多少錢。事實上，他輸了

money and he didn't pay much tax. So, they're saying his image

錢，而且他也沒交多少稅。所以，他們說他的形象

is fake, it's not real: it's a sham.

是假的，它不是真的：它是一個騙局。

It's a sham. It's a big sham. It's a fake. This is what the news story says.

這是一個騙局。這是一個大騙局。這是一個假的。這就是新聞故事說的。

Donald Trump says, 'This is fake news.'

唐納德-特朗普說："這是假新聞。

Now, is 'sham' always a noun?

現在，'岑'總是一個名詞嗎？

We can use it in an adjective sense as well.

我們也可以用在形容詞意義上。

If we put it before another noun, then we can use it as an adjective

如果我們把它放在另一個名詞之前，那麼我們就可以把它作為一個形容詞來使用。

like 'sham marriage' or 'sham wedding', for example.

比如說'假結婚'或'假婚禮'。

So a sham marriage or a sham wedding

所以是假結婚還是假結婚？

would be one which is fake. For example, I suppose people – if you

會是一個是假的。例如，我想人們--如果你

marry a citizen of a country for a visa, this would be a sham marriage, right?

嫁給一個國家的公民辦理簽證，這應該是假結婚吧？

Yeah. Yeah, it's a kind of marriage where people – they don't know

是啊，是啊，這是一種婚姻，人們不知道。是啊，這是一種婚姻，人們 - 他們不知道。

each other, they come together, they get married

他們走到了一起，他們結婚了

and then they go away, they never see each other again;

然後他們就走了，他們再也沒有見過面。

so that this person can get a visa. Or sometimes

以便這個人能夠獲得簽證。或者有時候

they live together for a short amount of time, but not as a married couple,

他們在一起生活了很短的時間，但不是夫妻。

and then they split up and the person has a visa, and sometimes the

然後他們就分開了，這個人有簽證，而且有時候

other person gets some money for it, but it's all fake.

別人得到一些錢，但都是假的。

The marriage is fake: it's a sham. A fake wedding...

婚姻是假的：這是個假象。一個假的婚禮...

A sham marriage. A sham wedding. Sham guests. Sham gifts.

一場虛假的婚姻。虛假的婚禮。虛假的客人。虛假的禮物。

It's all a big sham. ...Sham cake!

這都是個大騙局...騙人的蛋糕！

Exactly.

就是這樣

Great. OK. Catherine, could you please recap today's vocabulary?

厲害好的凱瑟琳，你能不能回顧一下今天的詞彙？

Yes. We had 'sink' – cause to fail.

是的，我們有 "沉"--失敗的原因。我們有'沉'--失敗的原因。

We had 'lashes out' – criticises someone angrily and suddenly.

我們有'發火'--突然憤怒地責備別人。

And we had 'sham' – something intended to trick or deceive people.

Don't forget that you can test yourself on today's vocabulary

不要忘了，你可以用今天的詞彙來測試自己的能力

on the website bbclearningenglish.com.

在bbclearningenglish.com網站上。

We are all over social media too and that's it for today. Thanks for

我們也在社交媒體上，今天就到這裡。謝謝大家

watching and we'll see you next time. Goodbye.

看，我們下次再見。再見。

Bye! Bye.

掰掰！掰掰