When you sign up with the link in the description, you'll also get access to Nebula, the streaming video platform that are L.

當你用描述中的鏈接註冊時，你還將獲得星雲、流媒體視頻平臺的訪問權限，這些都是L。

L is a part of.

L是一部分。

If real life was like a game of civilization, then France started out in one of the luckiest possible positions on the entire map.

如果說現實生活就像一場文明遊戲，那麼法國一開始就處於整個地圖上最幸運的位置之一。

It's mostly pretty unfair.

這多半是很不公平的。

The geography around France gives it a lot of pretty unique advantages and buffs that a lot of other civilizations in the game didn't really get it.

法國周邊的地理環境給了它很多很獨特的優勢和buff，而遊戲中很多其他文明並沒有真正得到它。

Here's how France straddles the boundary between northern and southern Europe, and it's the only country that could truly be considered a part of both regions.

法國是如何橫跨北歐和南歐的邊界的，它是唯一一個真正可以被認為是兩個地區的一部分的國家。

Owing to a large Siris of big and easily navigable rivers like the Rhine Marne, Seine, Lua, Ron and Garone, France has the capability to exert trading power across every region of Western Europe.

由於擁有萊茵河馬恩河、塞納河、盧阿河、羅恩河和加龍河等大河和易航河組成的大西里斯，法國有能力在西歐各地區發揮貿易力量。

But the rivers also helped to provide France with an abundance of arable land.

但河流也幫助法國提供了豐富的可耕地。

France has always been one of the leading agricultural powers in Europe for this reason, and the modern French state has significantly more arable land than any other country in Europe, except for Ukraine or Russia.

為此，法國一直是歐洲的農業大國之一，現代法國的耕地面積明顯多於歐洲任何一個國家，除了烏克蘭和俄羅斯。

France has always had the capability to produce more food than historical rivals like England or Germany, and Paris is France's capital and administrative center.

法國的糧食生產能力一直比英國、德國等歷史上的對手要強，巴黎是法國的首都和行政中心。

For a very strategic reason as well.

也是出於一個非常戰略性的原因。

It sits at the intersection of the sun and marred rivers and enables Paris to exert effective administrative control over trade in and out of the area to the rest of France and Europe.

它位於太陽河和馬裡河的交匯處，使巴黎能夠對進出該地區的法國和歐洲其他地區的貿易進行有效的行政控制。

France's interior is largely made up of highly productive farm lands on flat ground or gentle rolling hills in the north and the west, and slightly more mountainous terrain in the south.

法國的內陸地區主要由北部和西部的平地或平緩起伏的丘陵上的高產農田組成，南部的山地則略多。

Because of the high numbers of navigable rivers and the relatively easy to traverse terrain, France has always been easy to travel across.

由於通航河流較多，加上地形相對容易穿越，法國一直以來都很容易穿越。

And it's all therefore easily connected and ruled by the central authority in Paris, which has caused the entire region to share a common French identity all circumstances which led to France becoming one of the world's first true nation states.

而這一切都是以很容易聯繫起來，並由巴黎的中央政權統治，這使得整個地區都有一個共同的法國身份，所有的情況導致法國成為世界上第一個真正的民族國家之一。

But France's external borders are perhaps her greatest strength.

但法國的對外邊境也許是她最大的優勢。

Surrounded by imposing geographic features, France's borders almost serve as a kind of geographic armor against any external threats.

法國的邊界被氣勢磅礴的地理特徵所包圍，幾乎成為抵禦任何外來威脅的一種地理盔甲。

To the north is the English Channel to the west is the Atlantic.

北面是英吉利海峽，西面是大西洋。

To the south are the Pyrenees mountains that are easy to defend the Mediterranean Sea, and to the southeast are the massive Alps.

南面是便於防守地中海的比利牛斯山脈，東南面是巨大的阿爾卑斯山。

The require almost nothing to defend to the immediate east is the intimidating Rhine.

幾乎不需要什麼防守，緊靠東邊的是令人生畏的萊茵河。

But to the Northeast is France's only flaw in her geographic defense system.

但在東北地區，是法國地理防禦體系中唯一的缺陷。

Unopened plane That's part of the Greater North European plane that can serve as a funnel for enemy troops and people to just walk or drive across.

未開封的飛機 那是大北歐飛機的一部分，可以作為漏斗，讓敵軍和人民隨便走或開過去。

And for well over 1000 years now, French rulers across generations have been acutely aware of this week point in their defense.

而1000多年來，法國曆代統治者都敏銳地意識到了他們防禦的這一週點。

1000 years ago, the territory of France much resembled the territory of modern France, save for a bit more territory in the easternmost direction.

1000年前，法國的領土與現代法國的領土很像，只是在最東邊的方向多了一些領土。

Today, France has always been protected by imposing natural geography from every direction except for the East.

今天的法國，除了東方之外，其他方向一直都有氣勢磅礴的自然地理環境保護。

And it's been one of the biggest foreign policy objectives for every French ruler.

而這也是每個法國統治者最大的外交政策目標之一。

To try and solve that problem through one of either two means by militarily conquering territory to expand the frontier to more easily defensible eastern terrain like the Alps or the Rhine, or through diplomatically controlling external threats under the rule of Louis, the 14th, France gradually expanded her territory to the Alps in the southeast and part of the Rhine in the immediate East in order to acquire better geographic armor.

為了試圖通過兩種手段之一來解決這個問題，一是通過軍事征服領土，將疆域擴大到阿爾卑斯山或萊茵河等更容易防守的東部地形，二是通過外交控制外部威脅，在14世紀的路易統治下，法國為了獲得更好的地理武裝，逐漸將領土擴大到東南的阿爾卑斯山和緊鄰東部的萊茵河部分地區。

But most of the Northeast still remained vulnerable across the plain.

但在整個平原地區，東北大部分地區依然脆弱。

During the French Revolution, many revolutionary thinkers began discussing the theory on the natural borders of France, which argued that France's natural borders should extend to cover all of the land in Europe.

在法國大革命期間，許多革命思想家開始討論關於法國自然邊界的理論，認為法國的自然邊界應該擴展到覆蓋歐洲的所有土地。

West of the Rhine River, the Rhine was intended to complete Francis Geographic armor and finally secure the French borders with natural defenses in a 360 degree sense.

萊茵河以西，萊茵河的目的是為了完成弗朗西斯地理裝甲，最終以360度的天然防線確保法國邊境的安全。

The revolutionaries feared attacks from the remaining monarcas powers in Europe and believed that the revolutionary gains in France had to be protected by expansion to the more easy to defend Rhine.

革命黨人害怕歐洲其餘的蒙那卡列強的攻擊，認為必須通過向更容易防守的萊茵河地區擴張來保護法國的革命成果。

While the French Revolution succeeded in conquering this territory into France, Napoleon came around and expanded.

雖然法國大革命成功地將這塊領土征服到法國，但拿破崙卻繞道而行，並進行擴張。

France's borders toe well beyond the natural borders of the pure unease, the Rhine and the Alps.

法國的邊界遠遠超出了純正不安的自然邊界，萊茵河和阿爾卑斯山。

For a time, France shared land borders with Denmark, Austria and the Ottoman Empire.

法國曾一度與丹麥、奧地利和奧斯曼帝國共享陸地邊界。

But once Napoleon was defeated, France was essentially reset back to the same borders that she had after Louis the 14th and was pushed back away from most of the Rhine.

但拿破崙被打敗後，法國基本上又重新回到了路易十四之後的邊界，並被推離了萊茵河的大部分地區。

And with the weak spot in the northeast across the Plains restored, this would prove disastrous.

而隨著東北橫跨平原的弱點恢復，這將證明是災難性的。

In the centuries to come.

在未來的幾個世紀裡。

France would fight three separate wars with Germany in 18 70 1914 and again in 1939.

法國在1914年和1939年分別與德國進行了三次戰爭。

And in all three of those instances, Germany was able to take advantage of the geographic weak point and invaded France across the plain.

而在這三次中，德國都能利用地理上的弱點，越過平原入侵法國。

In the northeast.

在東北地區。

It worked perfectly the first time, almost worked the second time, and it worked perfectly again the third time.

第一次完美的工作，第二次幾乎成功，第三次又完美的工作。

France attempted to make the situation better after the second time by buffing the area up with manmade defenses in the form of the Maginot Line.

法國試圖通過在該地區建立馬奇諾防線的人工防禦來改善局勢。

But Belgium didn't ever agreed to allow France to extend it across the Franco Belgian border until it was too late.

但比利時一直沒有同意讓法國將其延伸到法國比利時邊境，直到為時已晚。

When Belgium finally agreed and France started construction, war and the German invasion across, it had already begun.

當比利時最終同意和法國開始建設時，戰爭和德國的入侵對面，已經開始了。

The French and the British knew the Germany would probably attacked through the plains again, so they moved most of their military into the area to defend it.

法國人和英國人知道德國人很可能會再次通過平原進攻，所以他們將大部分軍隊調入該地區進行防禦。

However, the French placed a bit too much faith in their geographic armor this time because they assumed that the Rdn region would be too rough of a terrain for the Germans to cross and subsequently only left a small force behind to defend it.

不過，法國人這次對自己的地理裝甲有些過於信任，因為他們認為Rdn地區的地形太過崎嶇，德軍無法穿越，隨後只留下了一小部分兵力進行防禦。

The Germans were, in fact capable of attacking quickly through the region, overwhelmed the light French defenses and hooked around to encircle most of the allied army and the planes.

事實上，德軍有能力通過該地區快速進攻，壓倒法國人的輕裝防守，並勾住了大部分盟軍和飛機的包圍圈。

Francis, weak point of the plains, was exploited by Germany on three separate occasions, and France was catastrophically defeated twice and Savi severely crippled.

弗朗西斯，平原的薄弱點，先後三次被德國利用，法國兩次慘敗，薩維嚴重殘廢。

The other time, France was only able to survive these attacks through the health of bigger allied powers and diplomacy.

另一次，法國是靠著更大的盟國的健康和外交手段，才得以在這些攻擊中倖存下來。

France's borders were fully restored in 1945 again to what they have mostly been since the days of Louis the 14th.

法國的邊界在1945年又完全恢復到路易十四時代以來的大部分水準。

But this time France has embarked on the other method that they've used to secure their geography, weakness, diplomacy through the creation of the European Union, France hoped that war between European powers would never happen again and particularly hoped that it would make another war between France and Germany impossible.

但是這次法國又開始了他們的另一個方法，他們通過建立歐盟來保證自己的地理、弱點、外交的安全，法國希望歐洲列強之間的戰爭不再發生，特別希望這能讓法國和德國之間不可能再發生戰爭。

And with the modern day friendship and close partnership that exists between the two countries.

而隨著現代兩國之間的友誼和密切的夥伴關係。

It seems that that European dream, at least, is alive and well.

看來，那個歐洲夢，至少還活著。

War between France and Germany is completely unthinkable in the modern world because of things I think, European Union and a shared currency, all prime foreign policy objectives of France.

法國和德國之間的戰爭在現代世界是完全不可想象的，因為事情我認為，歐盟和共享貨幣，都是法國的首要外交政策目標。

And because of that Francis Hole in her geographic armor is entirely secured.

也正因為如此，弗朗西斯洞在她的地理盔甲上完全有了保障。

Complex diplomacy is oftentimes much more effective than simple forts and bombs.

複雜的外交往往比簡單的堡壘和炸彈要有效得多。

If you're interested in learning more about the ways the geography can screw over a country, how manmade defenses and forth can help provide some kind of a buff, or how a country can defend against a weak point in their borders, then oh, have I got the perfect thing for you.

如果你有興趣瞭解更多關於地理環境可以搞垮一個國家的方式，人造防禦和來往如何幫助提供某種buff，或者一個國家如何防禦他們邊境的薄弱點，那麼哦，我有完美的東西給你。

Castle Siege Defense is a wonderful 54 minute long, professionally made documentary on curiosity Stream that examines multiple castles across the world.

城堡攻防》是一部長54分鐘的精彩紀錄片，專業製作的好奇流，考察了世界各地的多個城堡。

Why they were built where they were built along with the various tactics that were used to defend them.

為什麼要把它們建在哪裡，以及用來保衛它們的各種戰術。

Even better is that Curiosity Stream has now partnered with Nebula, the streaming video platform built by myself, along with other independent educational YouTubers, to offer an incredible deal, a subscription to Curiosity Stream, which only costs $20 for the whole entire year.

更妙的是，現在好奇流已經和我和其他獨立教育優酷用戶一起打造的流媒體視頻平臺 Nebula 合作，提供了一個不可思議的優惠，訂閱好奇流，全年只需 20 美元。

Now comes with a subscription to Nebula to if you sign up at curiosity stream dot com slash real life floor or click the link in the description.

現在附帶訂閱星雲到，如果你在好奇心流點點網斜槓真人樓註冊或點擊描述中的鏈接。

You can not only watch my nebula original Siri's reviewing cars or all of my existing videos without ads, but you also get toe watch any one of the thousands of top quality documentaries on curiosity stream.

你不僅可以觀看我的星雲原創Siri的評測汽車或我現有的所有視頻，沒有廣告，但你也可以得到toe觀看好奇心流上的數千部頂級品質的紀錄片中的任何一部。

So go ahead and check it out.

所以去看看吧。

Now you'll learn a lot.

現在你會學到很多東西。

You'll be entertained and you'll be supporting real life floor at the same time.

你會被娛樂，同時你也會支持現實生活中的地板。

And as always, thank you for watching.

和以往一樣，謝謝你的觀看。