No.

不知道

Tatum, for example, gave rise to the drug penicillin, which by some estimates has saved at least 200 million human lives, while other molds, like aspergillus Flavius, produce toxins that can harm and even kill you.

例如，塔圖姆催生了藥物青黴素，據估計，它至少挽救了2億人的生命，而其他黴菌，如弗拉維烏斯天牛菌，則會產生毒素，對你造成傷害，甚至致死。

But whether or not you wanted around mold is everywhere.

但不管你想不想身邊的黴菌是無處不在的。

In fact, you're likely breathing it in right now, and there's pretty much nothing you could do to get rid of it.

事實上，你現在很可能正在呼吸它，而且你幾乎沒有辦法擺脫它。

Mold is a fungus like mushrooms, and it's made up of thousands of threadlike filaments called Hi Fi.

黴菌是一種像蘑菇一樣的真菌，它是由成千上萬的線狀絲組成的，叫Hi Fi。

It uses those filaments like roots to feed hi fi, extend into your stale bread or rotten tomato and start releasing digestive enzymes, which are actually similar to the enzymes in our stomachs.

它用那些像根一樣的絲來喂嗨fi，延伸到你的變質麵包或爛番茄裡，開始釋放消化酶，其實和我們胃裡的酶差不多。

Molson digest their food just like we do, except if you were a mold, it would be more like just laying your face in your food and soaking up the food through your skin.

摩爾森和我們一樣消化他們的食物，只不過如果你是一個黴菌，那就更像是把臉放在食物裡，通過皮膚吸收食物。

That's Cathy Hodge, Mike ologists and mold maven at Cornell University.

那是Cathy Hodge, 康奈爾大學的Mike ologists和模具大師。

She says that by the time you actually see that fuzzy mold, hi fi are already hard at work deep below the surface, so cutting out the moldy part does little to harm the entire organism.

她說，當你真正看到那個毛茸茸的黴菌時，hi fi已經在地表深處努力工作了，所以切掉髮黴的部分對整個生物體沒有什麼傷害。

Just like ripping off leaves doesn't kill a plant.

就像撕掉葉子並不能殺死植物一樣。

What's worse is that molds have an incredibly broad diet.

更糟糕的是，黴菌的飲食範圍非常廣泛。

Yes, they love bread, but some species also love dead skin, soap and even the paper covering drywall.

是的，它們喜歡麵包，但有些物種也喜歡死皮、肥皂，甚至是覆蓋在幹牆上的紙。

That's according to Nicholas Money, who has authored several books on fungus.

這是尼古拉斯-錢的說法，他寫了幾本關於真菌的書。

There's a good food source for these molds lying beneath the paint, so when that structure gets wet band, they'll go for it.

塗料下面有一個很好的食物來源，所以當那個結構被打溼的時候，它們會去找它。

But if there's one thing that makes mold so difficult to manage, its this spores spores air like seeds, which molds used to reproduce.

但如果說有一件事讓黴菌如此難以管理，其這個孢子孢子空氣像種子一樣，黴菌用來繁殖。

They'll produce these aerial structures like little little stocks, all microscopic, and then they'll form spores at the tips of those stocks on.

它們會產生這些氣生結構，就像小的小股，都是微觀的，然後它們會在這些股的頂端形成孢子，在。

Then, in response to airflow, those supposedly carried that they'll get up into the atmosphere.

然後，在氣流的作用下，那些所謂的攜帶，它們會進入大氣層。

A single mold can make hundreds of thousands of spores, so it's no surprise that mold counts in cities like Chicago could be a Zayas, 125,000 spores per cubic meter.

一個黴菌可以製造幾十萬個孢子，所以像芝加哥這樣的城市，黴菌數量可能是一個扎亞斯，每立方米12.5萬個孢子也就不足為奇了。

You've got millions of tons of these sports in the atmosphere.

你在大氣層裡有幾百萬噸的這些運動。

It doesn't look like it right.

它看起來不像是正確的。

But yeah, if you could.

但是，是的，如果你能。

Really?

真的嗎？

If you could visualize that it would be, um, mind blowing.

如果你能想象到這一點，這將是，嗯，心靈的震撼。

Absolutely.

絕對的

And they're not just outside there in your home.

而且他們不只是在你家裡的外面。

They're everywhere to show you what I mean.

他們到處都是，讓你知道我的意思。

I set up a little experiment in my apartment.

我在我的公寓裡做了一個小實驗。

All of high school biology thes are Petri dishes, and they're filled with what's called auger, which is essentially a growth medium for mold.

所有的高中生物thes都是培養皿，裡面裝的是所謂的蛟龍，本質上是黴菌的生長介質。

So I am very excited.

所以我非常興奮。

Thio.

Thio.

Place them around my apartment and see what kinds of mold will grow in them.

把它們放在我的公寓周圍，看看裡面會長出什麼樣的黴菌。

I put one by my bed, another by the window and one in my bathroom, and I left them open for about an hour to collect sports.

我把一個放在床邊，另一個放在窗邊，還有一個放在浴室裡，我把它們打開約一個小時，收集運動。

A week later, they looked like this.

一個星期後，他們看起來像這樣。

Yeah, I'm not sure if it's beautiful or absolutely disgusting.

是啊，我不知道它是美麗的還是絕對噁心的。

The dish by the window had the most diverse assemblage about 10 species, most of which are just common indoor molds, according to Professor Hodge.

據霍奇教授介紹，窗邊的菜有最多樣化的組合約10種，其中大部分只是常見的室內模具。

And the one by my bed, you know where I sleep wasn't exactly empty.

而我床邊的那個，你知道我睡覺的地方並不是空的。

Now this seems terrifying, but is it so?

現在看起來很可怕，但事實是這樣嗎？

At least one of the molds I collected is likely class story, Um, and according to money, a vast proportion of the human species is actually reactive to cloud a spore iam.

我收集的模具中至少有一個很可能是類故事，嗯，據錢，人類物種的絕大部分其實是反應雲一個孢子我。

In other words, if we get enough of the spores of Claudius Forum in our lungs, that they'll create some kind of an allergic reaction and high mold counts can also trigger asthma, he says.

換句話說，如果我們的肺部有足夠多的克勞迪斯論壇孢子，那它們會產生某種過敏反應，高黴菌數量也會引發哮喘，他說。

But it actually gets worse.

但實際上情況越來越糟。

You see, some molds produce nasty chemicals called mycotoxins.

你看，有些黴菌會產生噁心的化學物質，叫做黴菌毒素。

Such a stack e Beatrice or black mold stachybotrys make airborne toxins and they seem toe also affect our health.

這樣的堆棧e Beatrice或黑黴stachybotrys使空氣中的毒素，他們似乎趾也影響我們的健康。

Even our cognitive abilities are sometimes affected by high doses of mold toxins, and it's actually these mycotoxins that make moldy food potentially dangerous.

甚至我們的認知能力有時也會受到高劑量黴菌毒素的影響，其實正是這些黴菌毒素讓發黴的食物有潛在的危險。

Some cheese molds are actually toxin producers.

有些奶酪黴菌其實是毒素的產生者。

For example, a particular one makes a toxin called pentagrams that is a neurotoxin, so just eating lots of moldy things without knowing what mold is growing on them is probably not a great idea.

比如，有一種特殊的會產生一種叫五花肉的毒素，是一種神經毒素，所以只吃很多發黴的東西，而不知道上面長的是什麼黴菌，可能不是一個好主意。

But here's the thing for mold toe actually cause you harm.

但這裡的事情對於黴菌的腳趾其實會對你造成傷害。

There needs to be a lot of it, even if it's toxin producing.

需要大量的，哪怕是產生毒素。

So most homes like mine are safe, and there are a lot of molds that we don't wanna live without.

所以像我這樣的家庭大多都是安全的，有很多模具是我們不想沒有的。

I'm not just talking about penicillin, but molds like Tali Poke, lady um, inflate, Um, which is used to make an immune suppressive drug called cyclosporin.

我說的不僅僅是青黴素，而是像塔利波克，女士嗯，膨大，嗯，這是用來製造一種叫做環孢素的免疫抑制藥物的模具。

And there's this one.

還有這個。

This is aspergillus ***.

這是天牛菌***。

It's some people's favorite mold because this mold can you see it.

這是一些人最喜歡的模具，因為這個模具你能看到它。

It's perfect.

這是完美的。

It's adorable, isn't it?

很可愛，不是嗎？

This mold makes almost all the citric acid that's produced in the world, and citric acid is a really common food preservative and flavor additive.

這個模具幾乎製造了世界上所有的檸檬酸，而檸檬酸是一種非常常見的食品防腐劑和香精添加劑。

So the next time you're drinking soda or fighting off an infection, think of molds.

所以下次你在喝蘇打水或抵抗感染的時候，想想黴菌吧。

They may be impossible to get rid of and frankly, just straight up gross.

他們可能無法擺脫，坦率地說，只是直接的毛。

But we definitely don't want all of them to die.

但我們絕對不希望他們全部死去。

I'm just assuming that things were gonna be grocer in the bathroom, Um, near the near the toilet.

我只是假設，東西會是雜貨店 在浴室，嗯，附近的廁所附近。

So cool.

好酷啊