Welcome to news review from BBC Learning English.

歡迎收看BBC學英語的新聞評論。

I'm Neil.

我是尼爾

Joining me is Katherine on the other side of London.

和我一起的是倫敦另一邊的凱瑟琳。

Hi, Catherine.

嗨，凱瑟琳

Hello, Neil.

你好，尼爾

Hello, everyone.

大家好

Yes, we've got an important story for you today.

是的，我們今天為你準備了一個重要的故事。

It's about the transmission off diseases from animals to humans.

這是關於疾病從動物到人類的傳播。

On what, if anything, we need to do to stop this happening.

如果有的話，我們需要做什麼來阻止這種情況的發生。

Okay, Well, everything you learn in this program, you could test yourself on a website.

好吧，好吧，你在這個項目中學到的所有東西，你可以在網站上測試自己。

Has a quiz at BBC learning english dot com.

在BBC學習英語網有一個測驗。

Now, let's hear more about that story from this BBC news report Ebola, West Nile fever, SARS and, of course, covered 19 are all zoonotic diseases.

現在，讓我們來聽聽英國廣播公司（BBC）的這個新聞報道埃博拉、西尼羅河熱、SARS的故事，當然，報道的19種都是人畜共患的疾病。

They started in animals and made the jump to humans.

它們從動物開始，跳到了人類身上。

But that jump isn't automatic.

但這種跳躍並不是自動的。

It is driven, the new report says, by factors such as our increased demand for animal protein, unsustainable agricultural practices on climate change.

新的報告說，這是由於我們對動物蛋白的需求增加，不可持續的農業實踐對氣候變化等因素推動的。

The U.

U.

N.

N.

Environment program suggests we could do better at controlling zoonotic diseases with an interdisciplinary approach that unites human, animal and environmental health.

環境計劃表明，我們可以更好地控制人畜共患病，採用跨學科的方法，將人類、動物和環境健康結合起來。

Yes.

是的，我知道

So the last few years have seen several diseases making the jump from animals to humans.

所以最近幾年，有幾種疾病從動物跳到了人類身上。

Now the United Nations are saying this is not a coincidence.

現在聯合國說這不是一個巧合。

It is a result off human activity on if humans want to stop the spread of disease from animals to humans, we have to change our behavior.

這是人類活動的結果，如果人類想阻止疾病從動物傳播到人類，我們必須改變我們的行為。

Okay, well, what language is being used in the media to talk about this story?

好吧，那麼，媒體是用什麼語言來談論這個故事的呢？

What have you found, Catherine?

你發現了什麼，凱瑟琳？

We're going to look out today.

我們今天要去看看。

Outlines steady stream on break.

勾勒出休息時的穩定流。

The chain outlines steady stream on break the chain.

鏈勾勒出穩定的流線上斷鏈。

Let's start with your first headline, please.

請從你的第一個標題開始吧。

So, first we're looking at U N news.

那麼，首先我們來看看U N新聞。

The headline New U.

頭條新優。

N.

N.

Report outlines ways to curb growing spread off animal to human diseases.

報告概述了遏制動物傳染給人類的疾病日益蔓延的方法。

Outlines gives the main idea.

綱舉目張給出了主旨。

That's right.

是的

It's one word made of two parts O u t out on lines L I N E s.

這是個由兩部分組成的詞，在L I N E線上出現。

We pronounce it outlines now, Neo, are you an artist?

我們現在讀出它的輪廓，尼奧，你是藝術家嗎？

By any chance?

有沒有可能？

I really enjoy art.

我真的很喜歡藝術。

But I am not a NA artist, unfortunately, okay, like may then.

但我不是一個NA藝術家，很不幸，好吧，就像可能那麼。

So if you're going to draw a picture of May, how would you start?

那麼如果你要畫一幅梅的畫，你會怎麼開始呢？

What would be the first thing you did?

你做的第一件事會是什麼？

Well, I suppose I would try to get the main idea down on the paper so that for me would be drawing the lines around the outside of your face and hair, maybe.

好吧，我想我會試著把主要的想法寫在紙上，所以對我來說，可能是在你的臉和頭髮的外面畫出線條。

Okay, so you draw just one line covering the shape that's around the outside of May.

好的，你只畫一條線，覆蓋在五月外面的形狀上。

Essentially okay, so that one line going around the outside of something to show where it is without the details you're not filling in any of the details.

基本上是可以的，所以那一條線繞著東西的外面去顯示它的位置，而沒有細節，你沒有填寫任何細節。

That's called an outline on.

這叫綱舉目張上。

Whilst good artists often don't do art that way.

而好的藝術家往往不會這樣做藝術。

A lot of people do draw a circle for the head.

很多人都會畫一個圓圈當頭。

Then you do a line for the nose, two lines for the lips, that sort of very basic drawing that shows you the basic shape of something.

然後你做一條線做鼻子，兩條線做嘴脣，那種很基本的畫法，讓你看到一些東西的基本形狀。

That drawing is an outline.

那張圖是個輪廓。

It doesn't have details.

它沒有細節。

It doesn't have a lot of information.

它沒有太多的資訊。

It just shows you the basic idea.

它只是告訴你基本的想法。

And that's what outlines means.

而這就是綱舉目張的意思。

It's a verb in this headline, and it means the gives the basic plan without a lot of details.

在這個標題裡，它是一個動詞，它的意思是給出了基本的計劃，沒有太多的細節。

Yeah, also used as a noun thio an outline and to give an outline.

是啊，也用作名詞thio an outline和給出大綱。

Yes, after we used to give an outline, that's a verb on.

是的，我們以前給一個大綱之後，那是一個動詞上。

Then the proposition off you can give an outline off your plan.

然後，命題關你可以給你的計劃一個大綱。

That means you talk in very basic details without giving lots of any details about something you can give a basic outline of a plan.

這意味著你用非常基本的細節來說話，而不需要給出大量的任何細節的東西，你可以給出一個基本的計劃大綱。

You can give an outline off theory.

你可以在理論上給出一個大綱。

Often idea off a proposal, but it's often to do with giving basically information about something that you're planning to do.

通常想法關提案，但它往往要做的是提供基本的資訊，關於你打算做的事情。

Yeah, plan is a key word here.

是的，計劃是這裡的一個關鍵詞。

Often used with plan Very much so, Yes.

經常與計劃一起使用 非常是，是的。

You can outline the plan or you can give an outline off a plan.

你可以列出計劃大綱，也可以在計劃之外給出一個大綱。

That's right.

是的

Okay, let's have a summary.

好了，我們來總結一下。

Can you?

你能嗎？

Okay.

好吧，我知道了

And now we're going to the Independent here in the U.

現在我們要去美國的獨立報。

K.

K.

The headline U N warns off steady stream of infectious diseases unless world tackles wildlife exploitation.

頭條新聞 聯合國警告說，除非世界解決野生動物開發問題，否則傳染病將源源不斷。

Steady stream, continuous flow off something.

穩流，持續的流掉某物。

Yes.

是的，我知道

Now, this is a two word expression on the words are separate Steady.

現在，這兩個字的表達上的字是分開的穩。

S t e a D Y on stream.

S t e a D Y在流。

S T r E a M Now, Neil, you know what a stream is, don't you?

尼爾，你知道溪流是什麼，對吧？

I know what a stream is.

我知道什麼是流。

A stream is like a little river.

一條小溪就像一條小河。

A little narrow river.

一條小窄河。

Yes.

是的，我知道

As small body off water, like a river, but much smaller.

作為小水體，像一條河，但小得多。

You can usually jump across a stream or you can walk through a stream from one side to another it contains water, the water flows.

你通常可以跳過一條小溪，也可以從一條小溪的一邊走到另一邊它含有水，水是流動的。

It may flow quickly.

它可能會迅速流動。

It may flow slowly.

它可能會緩慢地流動。

Or it may flow steadily neither quickly nor slowly not speeding up, not slowing down.

或可穩穩地流淌著既不快也不慢地不加速、不減速。

So a steady stream means a continuous flow.

所以，穩流就是指源源不斷。

Now, if we look at our headline, the U.

現在，如果我們看一下我們的頭條，美國。

N is warning about a steady stream of infectious diseases.

N正警告說，傳染病不斷。

It means that there will be mawr off these diseases spreading from animals to humans.

意思是說，這些疾病將有可能從動物傳染給人類。

On they will have this spread will be steady.

上他們會有這個差價會穩。

It will happen regularly on a regular intervals.

它將定期地發生在定期的間隔。

Yeah, we're talking about something one after another, one after one after another, not speeding up, not slowing down, but it will keep on happening.

是啊，我們現在說的是一個接一個的事情，一個接一個的事情，不是加快，不是放慢，而是會不斷的發生。

Okay, let's have a summary of that, please.

好吧，我們來總結一下，請。

Can you?

你能嗎？

Yeah.

是啊。

So what this story is telling us is that humans have to change their behavior in order to prevent the spread of these diseases.

所以這個故事告訴我們的是，人類必須改變自己的行為，才能防止這些疾病的傳播。

One way suggested by many of changing that behavior is to go vegan.

很多人建議改變這種行為的一個方法就是吃素。

And we've got a story on that haven't way we have.

我們有一個故事，沒有辦法，我們有。

If you go vegan, you stop eating or using animal products.

如果你去素食，你停止吃或使用動物產品。

It's quite the thing to do these days.

這年頭，這事挺好辦的。

If you want to find out more about being a vegan.

如果你想了解更多關於做一個素食主義者的資訊。

Just click the link down here and you can watch the show.

只要點擊這裡的鏈接，你就可以觀看節目。

Okay, you're next headline, then, please.

好吧，你的下一個標題，那麼，請。

Yes.

是的，我知道

And we're back with the U.

而我們又回到了U。

N this time.

這次N。

U N environment The headline preventing the next pandemic Zoonotic diseases Aunt How to break the chain off transmission?

U N環境 頭條預防下一次人畜共患病大姨媽如何斬斷傳播鏈？

Break the chain Stop a Siri's off related events.

斷鏈 停止一個Siri的關閉相關事件。

Yes, and without final phrase today we've got three words.

是的，今天沒有最後一句話，我們有三個字。

All separate Break B r e a k a the th e on chain C h a i n break the chain neo Make it three out of three.

全部分開 Break B r e a k a the th e on chain C h a i n break the chain neo Make it three out of three.

You know what a chain is, don't you?

你知道什麼是鏈子，對吧？

I know what a chain is.

我知道什麼是鏈條。

I've got a chain on my bicycle.

我的自行車上有一條鏈子。

Eso It's one piece of metal attached to another piece of metal attached to another piece of metal and it goes around.

Eso它是一塊金屬連接到另一塊金屬上，連接到另一塊金屬上，然後它就會繞著走。

And each one is very important for the next one because together they make the bike go forward.

而每一個人對下一個人都非常重要，因為他們共同讓自行車前進。

Okay, So lots of small pieces of metal linked together, and together they make something happen.

好吧，所以很多小的金屬片連接在一起，然後一起讓一些事情發生。

Absolutely.

絕對的

But if one of those elements gets broken, the whole thing stops very important explanation.

但如果其中一個元素被打破，整個事情就會停止非常重要的解釋。

I'm glad you said that, Neil.

我很高興你這麼說，尼爾。

That's right.

是的

If you break the chain.

如果你斷了鏈子。

If you break your bicycle chain, your bicycle won't move.

如果你的自行車鏈條斷了，你的自行車就不能動了。

Now, this chain isn't a really chain in the sense of pieces of metal, but there are lots of each link in this chain is about an event that causes another event that causes another event on together.

現在，這個鏈子並不是一個真正意義上的金屬片的鏈子，但這個鏈子裡有很多的每個環節都是關於一個事件，引起另一個事件，引起另一個事件的一起。

These events are causing the spread off disease from animals to humans.

這些事件導致疾病從動物傳播到人類。

The United Nations is saying we must change what we do and break this chain.

聯合國說，我們必須改變我們的做法，打破這個鏈條。

We must stop these events happening, for example, by eating less meat, and then we have less contact with animals.

我們一定要阻止這些事件的發生，比如說少吃肉，那麼我們就少和動物接觸。

That will mean there is less opportunity for diseases to spread from animals to humans.

這將意味著減少疾病從動物傳播到人類的機會。

So breaking the chain means stopping the Siris of events which are causing, in this case, these diseases.

所以，打破這個鏈條就意味著停止導致這些疾病的事件的Siris，在這種情況下，這些疾病。

But you can use it in lots of other situations as well caught you kneel, for example, child behavior.

但你也可以在很多其他情況下使用它，以及抓住你跪下，例如，孩子的行為。

That's right.

是的

Yes, we can talk about chains of events with behavior.

是的，我們可以用行為來談論事件鏈。

For example, perhaps you have a child or, you know, a child who makes a lot of fuss around mealtimes on.

例如，也許你有一個孩子或，你知道，一個孩子誰使很多大驚小怪的吃飯時間上。

There might be a chain of behavior that's connected to a lack of attention that you give the child?

可能有一連串的行為，與你對孩子的關注度不夠有關？

Normally, yes, on.

正常情況下，是的，上。

If you change the way that you respond to your child, you will break the behavior.

如果你改變了對孩子的反應方式，你就會打破這種行為。

Chain of events and the child will behave differently.

一連串的事件，孩子會有不同的表現。

That's the idea.

這就是我的想法。

That is the idea.

這就是我的想法。

Okay, let's have a summary of that.

好了，我們來總結一下。

Let's have a recap of our vocabulary.

我們來回顧一下我們的詞彙。

Yes, we had outlines.

是的，我們有大綱。

Gives the main ideas steady stream continuous flow off something on break the chain.

給予主力思路穩健的流淌連續的東西上斷鏈。

Stop a Siri's off related events.

停止Siri的關閉相關事件。

We are all over social media and we also have an app which you can download for free.

我們都在社交媒體上，我們也有一個應用程序，你可以免費下載。

Stay safe and join us again next week.

注意安全，下週再來參加。

Good bye.

再見了

Bye, everyone.

再見，大家。