BBC Learning English. I'm Neil.

BBC學習英語。我是尼爾。

And I'm Sam.

我是山姆。

Tell me, Sam, do you think Neil Armstrong

告訴我，山姆，你覺得尼爾-阿姆斯特朗

really landed on the Moon

真的登月了

in 1969? I mean,

在1969年？我的意思是

that must be fake news!

那一定是假新聞！

And who shot JFK? Surely the CIA

是誰殺了肯尼迪？肯定是中情局

were involved? Unless it was

牽涉其中？除非是

the giant lizards controlling

巨蜥

the government!

政府

Oh dear! It looks like reading online

哦，天哪！好像是在網上看書

conspiracies has sent Neil down

陰謀讓尼爾倒下

the rabbit hole - an expression

兔子洞

used to describe a situation which

的情況下

seems interesting and uncomplicated

似是而非

at first but ends up becoming

起初，但最終成為

strange, confusing and hard to escape

撲朔迷離

from. Luckily in this programme

從。幸運的是，在這個方案中

we'll be hearing

我們將聽到

some advice on how to talk

一些關於如何交談的建議

to people who've become convinced

確信的人

by online conspiracies.

由網上的陰謀。

It seems that during times of crisis,

看來，在危機時期。

as people feel uncertain and fearful,

由於人們感到不確定和恐懼。

they actively

他們積極

look for information to feel more secure.

尋找資訊，才會更有安全感。

Nowadays this information is often

如今，這些資訊通常是

found online, and while there are

在網上發現，雖然有

reliable facts out there,

可靠的事實在那裡。

there's also a lot of misinformation.

也有很多錯誤的資訊。

Somebody who's the target of many

有人是許多人的目標

conspiracy theories is Microsoft's

陰謀論是微軟的

Bill Gates and our

比爾-蓋茨和我們

BBC fact checkers have been busy

英國廣播公司的事實檢查員一直在忙碌

debunking - or exposing - some of the

揭穿--或揭露--一些

more bizarre accusations

奇談怪論

made against him. But what strange

對他提出的。但奇怪的是

behaviour has Bill Gates been

比爾-蓋茨的行為已經

accused of recently? That's

最近被指控的？那是

my quiz question for today. Is it:

我今天的考題。是這樣的

a) being a member of the

(a) 屬於

Chinese Communist

中共

Party?, b) being an alien lizard? or,

黨，b)是外來蜥蜴嗎，還是。

c) being involved in the

(c) 參與

assassination of JFK?

刺殺肯尼迪？

They all sounds pretty silly to me but I'll

他們都聽起來很愚蠢的我，但我會

guess b) being an alien lizard.

猜測b）是外星蜥蜴。

OK, Sam, if you say so! We'll find out the

好吧，山姆，如果你這麼說的話！我們會找出

answer later. Now, I'm not the

稍後回答。現在，我不是

only one who's

唯獨

been doing some internet research.

一直在做一些互聯網研究。

Ever since the outbreak of the Covid

自從科維德事件爆發後

pandemic there's

疫情

been an avalanche of online conspiracies

陰謀的雪崩

linking Bill Gates to the coronavirus.

將比爾-蓋茨與冠狀病毒聯繫起來。

Here's Marianna

這是瑪麗安娜

Spring, presenter of BBC World Service

春天

programme, Trending, to tell us more:

節目《趨勢》，來告訴我們更多。

The Microsoft founder is a rich

微軟創始人是個有錢人

and powerful person and he's funded

有權有勢的人，他的資金

research into vaccines

疫苗研究

- that's why he's become a target.

- 這就是為什麼他成為目標。

Some of the claims are bonkers - that

有些說法是瘋狂的--那

he wants to

他想

use the virus as a pretext to microchip

以病毒為藉口，將微芯片

everyone in the world. Others say

世界上所有的人。還有人說

a vaccine would actually

疫苗實際上

kill people rather than save their lives.

殺人而不是救人。

These ideas are without any evidence.

這些想法是沒有任何證據的。

We should

我們應該

treat them with the disdain they deserve.

對他們不屑一顧。

Some conspiracies claim that Bill Gates

一些陰謀家聲稱比爾-蓋茨。

wants to implant microchips

想植入微型芯片

in people and that he's

在人和他的

using the coronavirus as a pretext - a

以冠狀病毒為藉口----------。

pretend reason for doing

假借

something that is used to

用來

hide the real reason.

隱瞞真實原因。

Claims like these are described as

這樣的索賠被描述為

bonkers - an informal way

瘋癲--一種非正式的方式

to say silly, stupid or

說傻、說笨、說

crazy, and should therefore be treated

瘋瘋癲癲

with disdain - disliking

不屑--不喜歡

something because you

因為你

feel it does not deserve your

覺得不值得

attention or respect.

關注或尊重。

But while you might not believe

但你可能不相信

such bonkers theories yourself,

自己這種胡鬧的理論。

it's not hard to see how

不難看出

people looking for answers can get

求知者可得

sucked down online rabbit holes.

被吸進了網上的兔子洞。

So how would you deal some someone

那麼你會如何處理一些人

spreading baseless conspiracies

無中生有

about Covid vaccines

關於Covid疫苗

or Bill Gates? The BBC's Trending

還是比爾-蓋茨？BBC的趨勢

programme spoke to

節目中談到的

Dr Jovan Byford, senior psychology

Jovan Byford博士，高級心理學

lecturer with the Open University, about it.

開放大學的講師，關於。

He thinks it's important to separate

他認為，重要的是要分開

the conspiracy from the theorist.

陰謀從理論家。

The former, the belief,

前者，是信念。

we have to dismiss, but the latter, the

我們必須駁回，但後者，即。

person, is more complex.

人，是比較複雜的。

Here's BBC Trending's presenter,

這是BBC趨勢的主持人。

Marianna Spring, again to sum up

瑪利亞娜春天，再次總結

Dr Byford's advice:

拜福德醫生的建議。

How do you talk to someone who's at risk

你怎麼和一個有危險的人說話？

of being sucked into the rabbit hole? First,

被吸進兔子洞的？先說說

establish a basis of understanding.

建立理解的基礎；

Approach them on their own terms

以他們自己的方式與他們接觸

and avoid sweeping

而避免一刀切

dismissals or saying, 'you're wrong!'. Try

開除或說："你錯了！"。試試

not to judge. And try to get to the bottom

不去判斷。試著去了解真相

of the often legitimate concern at the

往往是合理的關注。

heart of the conspiracy.

陰謀的核心。

Present them with facts

向他們介紹事實

and research. Try to do this neutrally.

和研究。儘量做到中立。

You can't force anyone to change

你不能強迫任何人改變

their mind but

其心而

you can make sure they

你可以確保他們

have valid information.

有有效資訊；

While some conspiracies may

雖然有些陰謀可能

be harmless, others are more dangerous.

是無害的，其他的就比較危險了。

People thinking that vaccines

人們認為疫苗

will kill them might worsen the

會殺了他們，可能會使情況更加惡化

coronavirus situation worldwide,

全球冠狀病毒情況。

so we need to get to

所以我們需要去

the bottom of these claims - discover

揭開這些說法的底細--發現

the real but sometimes hidden

虛虛實實

reason why something

原因

happens.

發生。

A good way to engage people in

吸引人們參與的好方法

discussion is to avoid sweeping

討論是為了避免一刀切

claims or statements

索賠或聲明

- speaking or writing about things in a way

- 言談舉止

that is too general and does not carefully

蜻蜓點水

consider all the relevant facts.

考慮所有相關事實；

And by doing so calmly and neutrally

而通過這樣的冷靜和中立的方式。

you might persuade them to reconsider

你可能會說服他們重新考慮。

the funny business

趣事

Bill Gates is supposedly involved with.

比爾-蓋茨據說與。

Ah yes, you mean our quiz question.

啊，對了，你是說我們的測驗題。

I ask you what Bill Gates

我問你比爾-蓋茨

has recently been

最近

accused of by conspiracy theorists.

被陰謀論者指控的。

And I said b) being an alien lizard.

而我說b)是一隻外來的蜥蜴。

But thinking about it now,

但現在想來。

that seems pretty unlikely!

大材小用

In fact, the answer was c) being a member

事實上，答案是c)是一個成員。

of the Chinese Communist Party.

中國共產黨的。

OK. So today we've been hearing

好的。所以，今天我們已經聽到

advice on how to deal

建議如何處理

with online conspiracy theories,

與網上的陰謀論。

some of which are totally bonkers - silly,

其中一些是完全瘋狂的--愚蠢的。

stupid and crazy - or involve

愚蠢和瘋狂 - 或涉及

a complicated

龐雜

pretext - a pretend reason used

藉口----------藉口

to hide someone's true motivation.

掩蓋某人的真實動機。

These can be treated with disdain - dislike

這些都可以用不屑一顧的態度來對待--不喜歡

because they are unworthy

因為他們不配

of our attention

矚目

or respect.

或尊重。

But with so many conspiracies online, it's

但是，網上有這麼多的陰謀，它是。

easy to get lost down the

易迷路

rabbit hole - intrigued

兔子洞--好奇

by a situation which seems interesting

逢場作戲

but ends up confusing and

卻落得個混亂和

hard to escape from.

難以逃脫。

It's important to get to the bottom

摸清底細很重要

of these theories - discover the real

這些理論--發現真正的

but hidden reason

隱情

behind them.

在他們身後。

And to present people with facts,

並以事實向人們展示。

avoiding sweeping - or over-generalised -

避免一概而論--或過於籠統--。

statements.

聲明：

That's all for this programme.

這個節目就到此為止。

Goodbye for now!

暫時告別

Bye bye!

再見！