pregnant animals in space,

懷孕的動物在空間。

including salamanders, fish, and rats,

包括蠑螈、魚和老鼠。

but not humans.

但不是人類。

Over 60 women have traveled to space,

有60多名婦女到過太空。

yet none were pregnant during the trip,

但卻沒有一個人在旅行中懷孕。

let alone gave birth while floating in zero gravity.

更不用說在零重力的情況下生孩子了。

But with talk of future space colonies and cities on Mars,

但隨著人們對未來火星上的太空殖民地和城市的談論。

there's a good chance that one day

極有可能

humans will give birth somewhere beyond Earth,

人類將在地球以外的某個地方生育。

and that brings up some interesting questions.

這就帶來了一些有趣的問題。

What will it be like?

會是什麼樣子呢？

How will space babies look?

太空寶寶會是怎樣的呢？

And ultimately, how will giving birth in space be different?

而最終，在太空中生孩子又會有什麼不同呢？

The most obvious difference is the low-gravity environment,

最明顯的區別就是低重力環境。

and without the aid of Earth's gravitational pull,

而不借助地球的引力。

it might make it more difficult for the mother

這可能會使母親更加困難

when it comes time to push the baby out.

當要把孩子推出去的時候。

Plus, if one day women lived in space permanently,

另外，如果有一天女性永久生活在太空中。

some of the risks of pregnancy

懷孕的一些風險

would be much greater than on Earth.

會比地球上大得多。

For one, without the stress of Earth's gravity,

其一，沒有地球引力的壓力。

her bones lose density.

她的骨頭失去密度。

Studies show that astronauts, for instance,

研究表明，例如，太空人。

lose 1% to 2% of their bone density

喪失1%至2%的骨密度

for every month spent in space,

在空間度過的每一個月。

and that would be especially concerning for giving birth

而這對於分娩來說尤其重要

because the pelvis could fracture in the process.

因為在這個過程中，骨盆可能會骨折。

In fact, doctors recommend that women with brittle bones

其實，醫生建議，骨質脆的女人

avoid a natural birth altogether,

完全避免自然分娩；

which could mean births in space

這可能意味著在太空中出生

would be left to other methods.

會留給其他方法。

Scott Solomon: That could lead to

斯科特-所羅門。這可能導致

an increased reliance on C-sections

剖腹產的依賴性增加；

for childbirth for people living in space.

為生活在太空中的人分娩。

Narrator: That's Scott Solomon,

旁白：那是Scott Solomon

an evolutionary biologist and professor at Rice University.

進化生物學家、萊斯大學教授。

He walked us through what space might do

他帶我們瞭解了空間的作用

to generations of humans born in low-gravity environments.

給出生在低重力環境中的人類世代。

We already know that the way

我們已經知道，方式

we give birth influences our anatomy.

我們生孩子會影響我們的解剖學。

For example, the size of our heads

例如，我們的頭的大小

is restricted by the size of our mothers' birth canals.

是受制於我們母親產道的大小。

Solomon: With more C-sections, that could lead to

所羅門。隨著更多的剖腹產， 這可能會導致。

larger heads in our descendants

腦袋大

because they wouldn't be constrained

因為他們不會受制於人

by the size of the birth canal.

按產道的大小。

Narrator: And down the road, larger heads

旁白：往下走，更大的頭

wouldn't be the only major change.

不會是唯一的重大變化。

We may also change color, says Solomon.

所羅門說，我們也可以改變顏色。

That's because in space we have less protection

那是因為在太空中，我們的保護措施較少。

against harmful space radiation like cosmic rays,

防止宇宙射線等有害空間輻射。

so to counteract that, we may evolve

是以，為了應對這種情況，我們可能會進化到

Solomon: new types of skin pigments, like the melanin

所羅門：新型的皮膚色素，比如黑色素。

that protects our skin from ultraviolet sunlight on Earth.

保護我們的皮膚免受地球上紫外線的影響。

That could mean that future generations living beyond Earth

這可能意味著，生活在地球之外的後代

will evolve to have different skin colors.

會進化出不同的皮膚顏色。

Narrator: The more melanin you have,

旁白：你的黑色素越多

the darker your skin.

你的皮膚越黑。

So Solomon predicts that people living in space

所以所羅門預言，生活在太空中的人

may develop darker skin over time.

隨著時間的推移，可能會出現皮膚變黑的情況。

But he says these changes might take centuries or millennia

但他說這些變化可能需要幾個世紀或幾千年的時間

for enough time for many generations

千秋萬代

of women to give birth in space.

的婦女在太空分娩。

Solomon: Eventually, people living in space

所羅門。最終，生活在太空中的人們

could evolve to be different enough from people on Earth

可以進化到與地球上的人有足夠的不同之處。

that we would consider them to be different species.

我們會認為它們是不同的物種。

Narrator: But for now, we just need

旁白：但現在，我們只需要

one very brave woman to pave the path.

一個非常勇敢的女人來鋪路。