We're here today to defend free speech from one of the gravest dangers it is faced in American history.

我們今天來這裡是為了捍衛言論自由 免受美國曆史上最嚴重的危險之一的影響。

Frankly, both Donald Trump and Joe Biden want to take away the U.

坦率地說，唐納德-特朗普和喬-拜登都想奪走美國。

S.

S.

Law that protects platforms from being liable for what their users post.

法律，保護平臺不為其用戶發佈的內容負責。

Donald Trump wants to repeal it.

唐納德-特朗普想廢除它。

To reduce censorship.

要減少審查制度。

Joe Biden wants to get rid of it, to compel companies into doing mawr to tackle harmful content.

喬-拜登想要擺脫它，迫使公司做一些處理有害內容的工作。

Whoever wins the presidency, it seems, changes coming to social media in the US Elsewhere, lawmakers around the world are also trying to grapple with the issue of hate speech and harmful content.

無論誰贏得總統職位，似乎美國的社交媒體都將發生變化在其他地方，世界各地的立法者也在努力應對仇恨言論和有害內容的問題。

Increasingly, many are looking here for answers.

越來越多的人在這裡尋找答案。

Germany It's been nearly three years since a pioneering new law was passed here in Germany to regulate social media.

德國這裡開創性地通過了一項新的法律來規範社交媒體，至今已近三年。

It's called the Net Effect Cassettes or Next e G for short on Many countries around the world have seen it as a benchmark for tackling something they are all trying to deal with hate speech and fake news on social media, according to Danish human rights think tank Justicia.

據丹麥人權智庫Justicia稱，它被稱為淨效應卡帶或Next e G的簡稱，世界上許多國家都將其視為解決他們都在試圖處理社交媒體上的仇恨言論和假新聞的基準。

At least 25 countries around the globe, including the UK, have discussed or even adopted regulation models similar to next e G.

包括英國在內，全球至少有25個國家討論甚至採用了類似於下一個e G的監管模式。

But has next e G actually made a difference?

但接下來的e G是否真的有所作為呢？

Firstly, let's look at why it was introduced.

首先，我們來看看為什麼要引進它。

It all started with the migrant crisis in 2015 Germany, Germany a chance Europe's new land of opportunity Germany opened its doors to hundreds of thousands of refugees.

這一切都要從2015年的移民危機說起，德國一個機會歐洲新的機會之地德國向數十萬難民敞開了大門。

The following month saw an increase in anti immigrant hate speech online, so the German government brought in this strict regulation.

接下來的一個月，網上反移民的仇恨言論增多，所以德國政府出臺了這個嚴格的規定。

The three main principles of this law is any social network with two million or more users must provide an easy to use mechanism so people can report content that they find offensive.

這條法律的三大原則是任何擁有200萬或以上用戶的社交網絡必須提供一個易於使用的機制，以便人們可以報告他們認為令人反感的內容。

The social networks must also delete anything that's obviously illegal within 24 hours, or face a maximum £45 million fine on.

社交網絡還必須在24小時內刪除任何明顯違法的內容，否則將面臨最高4500萬英鎊的罰款上。

They must provide every six months a transparency report which details any harmful content they find on their services literally.

他們必須每六個月提供一份透明度報告，詳細說明他們在服務中發現的任何有害內容。

Within three days, it's effects were felt.

三天之內，就感覺到了它的效果。

Yeah, Hitler.

是的，希特勒。

He's on a lot off Titanic magazines.

他在《泰坦尼克號》雜誌上出現了很多。

Titanic magazine is Germany's biggest satirical publication.

泰坦尼克》雜誌是德國最大的諷刺刊物。

They were the first victims of next e G.

他們是下一個e G的第一個受害者。

When they got suspended from Twitter after posting some spoof racist tweets mocking a right wing politician.

當他們在發佈了一些惡搞的種族主義推文嘲諷右翼政客後，被推特暫停。

Twitter, in this case, thought that this is racist.

推特，在這種情況下，認為這是種族主義。

I mean, it is off course it's racist because we're a satirical magazine and we're just We're just quoting what she what she already had said.

我的意思是，它當然是種族主義的，因為我們是一個諷刺雜誌，我們只是... ...我們只是引用她... ...她已經說了什麼。

The move sparked outcry.

此舉引發輿論譁然。

Critics said that this showed that so called over blocking was happening where social networks played it safe and removed lots of content to avoid fines.

批評者說，這表明所謂的過度封殺正在發生，社交網絡玩得很安全，刪除了很多內容以避免罰款。

But Titanic did get its account back within a couple of days on.

但泰坦尼克號確實在幾天內就把賬號找回來了，在。

Actually, Moritz and his team say next E G has generally been positive.

其實，莫里茨和他的團隊說下E G總體上是積極的。

It hasn't affected Teutonic very much since then.

從那以後，它對日耳曼人的影響就不大了。

I think next e G is in its core is not bad.

我覺得下一個e G在其核心是不壞的。

According to a new independent report commissioned by the German government, the law has broadly made a positive difference.

根據德國政府委託編寫的一份新的獨立報告，該法律大體上起到了積極的作用。

The Nets D G evaluation found no evidence that social networks over blocked contact.

網D G評價發現，沒有證據表明社交網絡過封鎖聯繫。

Researchers found that although some items needed more time to be analyzed, social networks had taken action on most within 24 hours.

研究人員發現，雖然有些項目需要更多的時間來分析，但社交網絡在24小時內對大多數項目採取了行動。

Only one fine has so far been issued.

到目前為止，只開出了一張罰單。

Facebook had to pay two million euros for under reporting the amount of hate speech on its platform.

Facebook不得不為少報其平臺上的仇恨言論數量支付200萬歐元。

But has there been any trickle down effect to make social networks generally safer and nicer for everyday users?

但有沒有產生涓滴效應，讓日常用戶的社交網絡普遍更安全、更美好？

Verena is an influencer, she says.

Verena是一個影響者，她說。

The majority of her online life is positive.

她的網絡生活大多是積極的。

But if next e G was meant to reduce nastiness online, it hasn't worked.

但如果下一個e G是為了減少網上的齷齪，那就沒有效果。

Get a lot of head comments like People say that I look like a whale or I am liken elephants.

得到很多頭的評論，比如人們說我像鯨魚，或者我像大象。

Have you noticed a difference between 2018?

你有沒有發現2018年的不同？

When next E.

當下一個E。

G came in on?

G來了，在?

Now, maybe maybe on Facebook, but not on Instagram and not take It was a process to be here right now to be cool with myself and to be strong and self confidence.

現在，也許也許在Facebook上，但不在Instagram上，也不拿 這是一個過程，現在在這裡，要對自己冷靜，要堅強和自信。

Critics of next e G, including the social networks themselves, argue it's too strict on is harming free speech in Germany.

批評者的下一個e G，包括社交網絡本身，認為它的太嚴格上是傷害自由言論在德國。

On there are concerns the law is being used as a template for censorship in other less free countries, like Turkey, which recently passed a similar law.

有人擔心該法律被其他不太自由的國家用作審查的模板，比如最近通過類似法律的土耳其。

According to Justice, he is analysis eight of the 25 countries considering Nets DJ like laws, A class is having an Internet that's not free on a further 12 a class, there's only partly free.

據正義，他是分析25個國家中的8個國家考慮Nets DJ一樣的法律，A類是有一個互聯網，不是免費的進一步12個一類，有隻有部分免費。

It's a trend that's troubling German lawmakers.

這是一個困擾德國立法者的趨勢。

If there is no freedom of speech anyway in your country, all this restricted, then off course.

如果在你們國家反正沒有言論自由，都這樣限制，那當然就不對了。

Yes, a next e G would help you to do the same restriction or free opinion on this is what we would not share.

是的，下一個e G會幫助你做同樣的限制或自由意見，這是我們不會分享的。

Later this month, Facebook will launch its oversight board, nicknamed the Supreme Court for Moderating Content.

本月晚些時候，Facebook將啟動其監督委員會，綽號為 "管理內容的最高法院"。

Its board will assess the decisions of both Facebook and Instagram, but it's still up to each country to set its own laws on.

其董事會將對Facebook和Instagram的決定進行評估，但仍由各國自行制定相關法律。

Whilst many have looked to Germany for answers soon, all eyes may turn here.

雖然許多人很快就會向德國尋求答案，但所有的目光都會轉向這裡。