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The World Wide Web,
「全球資訊網」
where you're likely watching this video,
你可能正在那裡觀看這部影片,
is used by millions of people every day
每一天被數百萬人用來
for everything from
做每一件事,
checking the weather,
從查詢天氣、
ordering food,
訂購食品、
and chatting with friends
與朋友們聊天,
to raising funds,
到招募基金、
sharing news,
分享新聞、
or starting revolutions.
甚至是發動革命!
We use it from our computers, our phones, even our cars.
我們透過電腦、手機 甚至我們的車子來使用它。
It's just there,
它就存在那裡,
all around us, all the time.
每一分每一秒都在我們周遭。
But what is it exactly?
但是它到底是什麼?
Well first of all, the World Wide Web is not the Internet,
好的,首先「全球資訊網」 並不是「網際網路」,
even though the terms are often used interchangeably.
即便如此這兩個詞經常 互換性地被拿來用,
The Internet is simply the way computers connect to each other
「網際網路」單單只是 電腦間為了分享資訊
in order to share information.
相互連通的方法,
When the Internet first emerged,
當「網際網路」首次出現,
computers actually made direct calls to each other.
電腦間實際上直接打 電話給彼此,
Today, networks are all around us,
今天網路就在我們周遭(不用透過電話),
so computers can communicate seamlessly.
所以電腦間可以彼此無線地通訊。
The communication enabled through the Internet
無線通訊使得可以透過網際網路
has many uses,
做很多事情,
such as email, file transfer, and conferencing.
比如說:收發電子郵件、 傳送檔案、以及開會,
But the most common use
不過最常見的用法
is accessing the World Wide Web.
就是進入「全球資訊網」。
Think of the Web as a bunch of skyscrapers,
把「全球資訊網」想成是一堆摩天大樓,
each representing a web server,
每一棟大樓代表一個網頁伺服器,
a computer always connected to the Internet,
(伺服器是)一台電腦一直 與網際網路相連,
specifically designed to store information and share it.
特地被設計來儲存資料和分享資料。
When someone starts a website,
當有人建立一個網站,
they are renting a room in this skyscraper,
他們就是在摩天大樓裡 租了一個房間,
filling it with information
用資料填滿那個空間,
and linking that information together
而且把資料一起用一個有條理的方法連結,
in an organized way for others to access.
讓其他人進入瀏覽。
The people who own these skyscrapers
持有摩天大樓者、
and rent space in them
以及在裡面租屋的人,
are called web hosts,
我們叫他們「網頁存取(商)」,
but anyone can set up a web server
用正確的設備和一些訣竅,
with the right equipment a bit of know-how.
任何人都可以架設網頁伺服器。
There's another part to having a website,
要有一個網站還有另一個重點,
without which we would be lost in the city
少了這點我們就會在城市裡迷路,
with no way of finding what we need.
沒有辦法找到我們想的資料,
This is the website address,
這就是「網址」,
which consists of domain names.
那含有網域名稱。
Just like with a real life address,
就像是有一個真的地址,
a website address lets you get where you want to go.
「網址」讓你到達你想去的地方。
The information stored in the websites
被儲存在網站裡的資料
is in web languages,
是用網頁語言儲存的,
such as HTML and JavaScript.
就像是「超文件標示語言 (HTML)」 還有「Java 描述語言」。
When we find the website we're looking for,
當我們找到我們正在尋找的網站,
our web browser is able to take all the code on the site
我們的網頁瀏覽器可以得到 在網站裡所有的編碼,
and turn it into words, graphics, and videos.
把它轉成文字、圖表跟影音檔案,
We don't need to know any special computer languages
我們不必去了解任何特別的電腦語言,
because the web browser creates a graphic interface for us.
因為網頁瀏覽器會 為我們創造圖片界面。
So, in a lot of ways,
所以在很多方面來看,
the World Wide Web is a big virtual city
「全球資訊網」是個 句大、實質的城市,
where we communicate with each other
在那裡我們彼此用網頁語言通訊,
in web languages,
瀏覽器則扮演我們的翻譯員。
with browsers acting as our translators.
且就像沒有人擁有一座城市一樣,
And just like no one owns a city,
沒有人擁有「全球資訊網」,
no one owns the Web;
它是屬於我們所有人的。
it belongs to all of us.
任何人都能進入和設立店鋪,
Anyone can move in and set up shop.
我們可能必需付錢給網路服務供應商,
We might have to pay an Internet service provider
去獲取允許進入大樓(網站/頁)。
to gain access,
到一個網頁存取公司去承租網頁空間,
a hosting company to rent web space,
或是一個註冊機構去保全我們的「網址」。
or a registrar to reserve our web address.
就像城市裡的公眾事業公司 (如水、電、瓦斯的供應)一樣,
Like utility companies in a city,
這些公司(網頁存取商、註冊機構) 提供重要的服務,
these companies provide crucial services,
但到了最後
but in the end,
甚至它們也沒能擁有 「全球資訊網」。
not even they own the Web.
但是真正地讓「全球資訊網」 如此特別的原因,
But what really makes the Web so special
正是存在它獨特的名字 (w. w. w.) 裡。
lies in its very name.
在「全球資訊網」出現之前,
Prior to the Web,
我們習慣用直線的型態
we used to consume most information
去吸收大部分的資訊,
in a linear fashion.
閱讀書本或新聞文章時,
In a book or newspaper article,
每一句子都要從頭看到尾、
each sentence was read from beginning to end,
一頁接一頁,
page by page,
一條直線式的到你看完。
in a straight line until you reached the end.
但那不是我們的大腦 實際上運作的方法,
But that isn't how our brains actually work.
我們的每一個想法又被其他想法、
Each of our thoughts is linked to other thoughts,
記憶、情緒相互連結,
memories, and emotions
有著鬆散互連的網路, 就像一個網子。
in a loose interconnected network, like a web.
「全球資訊網」之父 提姆.伯納-李
Tim Berners-Lee, the father of the World Wide Web,
瞭解到我們需要 一個方法來組織資訊,
understood that we needed a way to organize information
就像我們大腦天生的 整理方式一樣。
that mirrored this natural arrangement.
而「全球資訊網」用超連結 的方法做到了。
And the Web accomplishes this through hyperlinks.
透過連接一個網站裡數個頁面,
By linking several pages within a website
或甚至再導引你到其他的網站,
or even redirecting you to other websites
到其他網站時 可立即擴展資訊或想法,
to expand on information or ideas immediately
超連結讓「全球資訊網」可以
as you encounter them,
運作得跟我們的思想模式一樣。
hyperlinks allow the Web
「全球資訊網」在我們的生活裡 佔了極大部分,
to operate along the same lines as our thought patterns.
因為在內容還有架構上,
The Web is so much a part of our lives
它都反映出更廣大的社會、
because in content and structure,
以及我們獨自的想法。
it reflects both the wider society
而它跨越了所有的疆界
and our individual minds.
連接了那些想法,
And it connects those minds
不只是橫跨種族、性別、年齡,
across all boundaries,
甚至是時間還有地方。
not only enthnicity, gender, and age
but even time and space.