algebra, gravitational physics and more for 20% off over at brilliant.org/reallifelore

代數、引力物理和更多的內容，在 brilliant.org/reallifelore 上可享受 8 折優惠。

So this is the Mediterranean Sea, which is surrounded by 21 different countries.

所以這裡是地中海，周圍有21個不同的國家。

But what would happen to these 21 countries and the rest of the world if we somehow

但是，如果我們以某種方式，這21個國家和世界其他國家會發生什麼？

managed to drain all of the water out of it?

把所有的水都排出去了嗎？

It's not as far-fetched of an idea as you may think it is at first

這不是一個牽強的想法，因為你可能會認為它是第一

Back in the 1920s a man named Herman Sorgel had a very similar idea that helps to illustrate how this may be

早在20世紀20年代，一個叫赫爾曼-索格爾的人就有一個非常類似的想法，有助於說明這可能是怎樣的

possible. His idea was called the Atlantropa project.

的可能。他的想法被稱為亞特蘭特羅巴計劃。

And it's basically what engineers create whenever they've had a bit too much whiskey to drink the plan took into

這基本上是工程師們創造的，每當他們喝多了威士忌的時候，計劃就會被考慮進去。

consideration that the Mediterranean Sea is naturally evaporative,

考慮到地中海是自然蒸發的。

which means that more water evaporates out of the sea then flows into it by rivers and streams.

這意味著更多的水從海中蒸發出來，然後由河流和溪流流入海中。

The difference is made up by salt water that flows into the sea through the Strait of Gibraltar,

差額是由通過直布羅陀海峽流入大海的海水彌補的。

which means that in theory, if you could block off this water flow you could begin to drain the water out of the entire rest

這意味著理論上，如果你能阻斷這股水流，你就能開始把整個其他地方的水排出去。

of the sea. Sorrell intended to build a colossal dam here for that exact purpose

的海洋。索雷爾打算在這裡建一個巨大的水壩，正是為了這個目的。

Along with another dam here between Sicily and Tunisia to divide the Mediterranean into two separate

在西西里島和突尼西亞之間的另一個水壩，將地中海分為兩個獨立的區域。

halves and a third dam here to block off the water from the Black Sea from getting through. The plan involved lowering the water levels

兩半和第三座水壩，以阻隔黑海的水通過。該計劃包括降低水位

by 100 meters on the western side of the Mediterranean and by 200 metres on the eastern side. This would have drained about

在地中海西側增加100米，在東側增加200米。這將會耗盡大約

one-fifth of the entire

五分之一

Mediterranean Sea, which means that it would have created about 576,000 square kilometers

地中海，這意味著它將形成約576,000平方公里的

of new land (an area roughly the size of Spain and Ireland combined)

(面積大約相當於西班牙和愛爾蘭的總和)

The continents of Europe and Africa would be directly connected and this new continent was

歐洲大陸和非洲大陸將直接相連，而這個新大陸就是

intended to be called Atlanta. The new land around the Mediterranean was intended to be colonized by new

打算稱為亞特蘭大。在地中海周圍的新土地上，打算由新的殖民者進行殖民。

European settlers. The combined two dams could probably have provided enough clean

歐洲定居者。這兩座水壩的結合，可能已經提供了足夠的清潔的

hydroelectric power for all of Europe and the project would have employed hundreds of thousands of people for the

整個歐洲的水力發電，該項目將僱傭數十萬人，為歐洲的水力發電提供便利。

100 years that it was planned the project would last for. So why wasn't it ever built? Well, for starters, the

100年的時間，它是計劃中的項目將持續。那麼，為什麼沒有建成呢？嗯，首先，

Mediterranean Sea is salty which means that all that freshly exposed land would be salt flats and useless for any agriculture.

地中海是鹹的，這意味著所有新鮮暴露的土地將是鹽鹼地，沒有任何農業用途。

It was also

它也是

calculated by some architects that there wasn't enough concrete in the entire world to build the dam of Gilblter. Anyway let alone the other two

經一些建築師計算，全世界的混凝土都不夠建造吉爾布特大壩。總之別說其他兩座了

dams that were part of the project,

屬於項目的大壩。

it would have also required an enormous amount of international cooperation and the 21

它還需要大量的國際合作，並需要大量的資金。

Mediterranean coast countries that I mentioned previously, all would have coastal cities.

我之前提到的地中海沿岸國家，都會有沿海城市。

That would be very upset that they were no longer on the coast. Even if it was somehow built, one well-placed

那會很不高興，他們已經不在沿海了。就算是莫名其妙的建成了，一個位置好的。

nuclear bomb on the Gibraltar dam would cause a biblical style flood that would destroy the entire project

直布羅陀大壩上的核彈將引發聖經式的洪水，從而摧毀整個工程。

instantly and ruin the lives of millions of people. In addition, the planners didn't take into

瞬間，毀掉了數百萬人的生活。此外，規劃者也沒有考慮到。

consideration at all how the project may have impacted weather patterns across Europe and Africa.

根本沒有考慮到該項目可能對歐洲和非洲的天氣模式產生的影響；

But let's get back to what the title of this video is all about: what if the dam at Gibraltar was actually somehow

但讓我們回到這段視頻的標題上：如果直布羅陀的大壩實際上是以某種方式。

built and we decided to drain out all of the water in the Mediterranean Sea?

建好了，我們決定把地中海的水全部排出去?

What would happen next?

接下來會發生什麼？

Well ,for starters, the entire area that once made up the sea would likely become a vast desert with the hottest

好吧，首先，整個曾經構成海洋的地區很可能會變成一個巨大的沙漠，最熱的地方也會變成最熱的地方。

temperatures anywhere on earth enormous canyons would plunge as deep as five

地球上任何地方的溫度都會使巨大的峽谷跌落到5米深

thousand metres below sea level and the temperature down here could approach an

在海平面以下1000米的地方，這裡的溫度可能會接近1.5米。

unbearable 80 degrees Celsius. For comparison, the hottest temperature ever recorded so far on the Earth's surface was

難以忍受的80攝氏度。相比之下，迄今為止地球表面記錄到的最熱溫度是...。

54 degrees Celsius in Kuwait. In addition, even though the water in the

科威特的54攝氏度。此外，儘管科威特境內的水是由水箱中的水組成的，但它的水是由水箱中的水組成的。

Mediterranean would be gone, the salt that used to be in the water would remain on the land in thick built-up layers.

地中海會消失，以前在水中的鹽分會以厚厚的堆積層留在陸地上。

All of the newly exposed land would be a salty dry and fiercely hot desert

所有新露出來的土地都將是一片鹽鹼乾燥和酷熱的沙漠。

that would be incredibly hostile to any form of life or

對任何形式的生命都會有難以置信的敵意或

settlement. It could almost be seen as an extension of the Sahara Desert in Africa.

定居點，幾乎可以看作是非洲撒哈拉沙漠的延伸。這裡幾乎可以看作是非洲撒哈拉沙漠的延伸。

But the desert wouldn't just end here: an

但是，沙漠不會只在這裡結束：

enormous amount of southern Europe and Turkey would rapidly become a desert, as well with Portugal, Spain, France, Italy,

巨大的南歐和土耳其將迅速成為沙漠，以及葡萄牙、西班牙、法國、意大利。

Albania, Greece and Turkey being the most severely affected.

阿爾巴尼亞、希臘和土耳其受影響最嚴重。

The entire balkan and Alpine regions would see significantly less rainfall as a result - which means that

整個巴爾幹地區和阿爾卑斯山地區的降雨量將是以大大減少--這意味著：

agriculture across most of Europe would be severely damaged.

整個歐洲大部分地區的農業將受到嚴重破壞。

But the rest of the world would be severely impacted. Well,

但世界其他地區將受到嚴重影響。好吧 Well,

because the massive amount of water located inside the Mediterranean would have to go somewhere,

因為位於地中海內部的大量水必須流向某個地方。

it would end up being redistributed

流於形式

into the world's oceans.

進入世界海洋。

Which would raise sea levels everywhere else by roughly 10 meters from where they are today.

這將使其他地方的海平面比現在提高10米左右。

This would be catastrophic in an opposite way and lead to cities like New Orleans, Sacramento Amsterdam

這將是災難性的相反的方式，並導致新奧爾良，薩克拉門託阿姆斯特丹等城市。

Copenhagen and Shanghai going completely

哥本哈根和上海將完全

underwater.

在水下。

Predicting the weather is a very hard business AND predicting how exactly removing an entire body of water as large as the Mediterranean

預測天氣是一件非常困難的事情，而且要預測到底如何去除整個像地中海一樣大的水體。

would impact the global climate is nearly impossible!

會影響全球氣候幾乎是不可能的!

But it certainly wouldn't be good needless to say this entire thing is probably a very bad idea.

但肯定不會是好事不用說，這整個事情可能是一個非常糟糕的想法。

Figuring out what would happen if we drained the Mediterranean Sea without actually doing it is complicated.

在沒有實際操作的情況下，計算出如果我們抽乾地中海會發生什麼是很複雜的。

There are many different possible scenarios.

有許多不同的可能情況。

And I've made several simplifying assumptions in this video to arrive at the answer. If you've watched other videos of mine

而我在這個視頻中做了幾個簡化的假設，得出了答案。如果你看過我的其他視頻的話

then you know that I love figuring out all kinds of absurd

那麼你知道我喜歡找出各種荒謬的

scenarios from what the economy of a reunited British Empire would look like today to how much a

從一個統一的大英帝國今天的經濟狀況，到一個統一的大英帝國的經濟狀況。

supermassive black hole would weigh in units of Toyota Corollas. As much as I love explaining the absurd,

超大品質黑洞的重量是豐田卡羅拉的組織、部門。雖然我很喜歡解釋這些荒謬的事

I think that everyone should be able to do that and the best way is to practice it yourself.

我想，每個人都應該能做到這一點，最好的方法就是自己去實踐。

brilliant.org is the perfect website to do this on. It's a problem solving website that teaches you how to think like a

brilliant.org是一個完美的網站，可以做到這一點。這是一個解決問題的網站，它教你如何像一個

scientist by guiding you through problems to solidify your understanding.

科學家，通過引導你解決問題來鞏固你的理解。

They take real-life problems like these, dissect the problem into manageable bits,

他們把現實生活中這樣的問題，剖析成可以處理的部分。

analyze the implications and present an interesting

分析其含義，並提出有趣的

conclusion. If you visit brilliant.org/reallifelore or click the link in the description, you can sign up for free and begin

結論。如果您訪問 brilliant.org/reallifelore 或點擊描述中的鏈接，您可以免費註冊並開始。

learning about all kinds of things and as a bonus,

學習各種知識，並作為獎勵。

exclusive for RealLifeLore viewers, the first 200 people will also get 20% off of their annual

RealLifeLore觀眾專享，前200名觀眾還將獲得年度20%的折扣。

membership. If you learn anything interesting then please let me know below in the comments! :D

會員。如果你學到了什麼有趣的東西，那麼請在下面的評論中告訴我!:D