I was in a class.

我在一個班級裡。

And there were suddenly the sounds of these very loud-sounding boots

忽然傳來了這些聽起來很響的靴子聲

clunking across the floor.

在地板上哐噹一聲。

And there was a campus policeman standing at the head of the class,

而班級的頭頂上還站著一個校警。

and he just shouted out my last name.

他只是喊出了我的姓。

And he just said "come with me."

他只是說 "跟我來"。

And I was put in the back seat of a squad car.

我還被關進了巡邏車的後座。

And we went directly to the police station.

我們就直接去了警察局。

And the interrogation room was one table in the middle of the room,

而審訊室是房間中間的一張桌子。

and a tape recorder in the middle of the table.

和桌子中間的錄音機。

And there was even the light bulb on a string, hanging right above the tape recorder.

甚至還有一串燈泡，就掛在錄音機的正上方。

I'm sorry.

我很抱歉

This hasn't happened to me in years.

我已經很多年沒遇到過這種情況了。

Right off the bat, they said,

他們說，一開始就。

"We know that you're gay."

"我們知道你是同志"

In the 1950s, a Florida state committee

1950年代，佛羅里達州的一個委員會

spent years terrorizing LGBTQ people.

花了多年時間恐嚇LGBTQ人群。

They stalked, intimidated, and outed hundreds.

他們跟蹤、恐嚇，並揭發了數百人。

And they got away with it.

而他們卻逃之夭夭。

What happened in Florida can be traced to two things happening across the US at the time.

佛羅里達州發生的事情可以追溯到當時美國各地發生的兩件事。

First, this was the era of the cold war between the US and the Soviet Union.

首先，這是美蘇之間的冷戰時代。

And a US Senator named Joseph McCarthy claimed to have discovered communists who had infiltrated the US government.

而一位名叫約瑟夫-麥卡錫的美國參議員聲稱發現了滲透進美國政府的共產黨人。

One of the images that we probably still have is the image of Joe McCarthy standing, making

我們可能還保留著的一個形象是喬-麥卡錫站著，使

a speech, holding up several sheets of paper and saying 'I have here in my hand a list

講話，拿著幾張紙說：'我手裡有一份名單，是我的。

of communists.'

共產黨人的'。

It didn't matter whether the list was accurate or not.

單子準不準確都無所謂。

But what McCarthy started did real damage.

但麥卡錫開始的事情造成了真正的傷害。

Thousands of Americans ended up losing their jobs, and had their reputations ruined.

成千上萬的美國人最終失去了工作，名譽掃地。

Around the same time, the civil rights movement was picking up steam.

大約在同一時間，民權運動也逐漸興起。

In 1954, The Supreme Court ruled that separate schools for black and white children were unconstitutional.

1954年，最高法院裁定，黑人和白人兒童分開上學是違憲的。

In Little Rock, Arkansas, preparations were being made by the school board for compliance with the court verdict.

在阿肯色州的小石城，學校董事會正在為遵守法院判決做準備。

Southern politicians started losing their hold on a segregated society.

南方的政治家們開始失去對種族隔離社會的控制。

It was out of this that the “Florida Legislative Investigation Committee” was born.

"佛羅里達州立法調查委員會 "就是在這種情況下誕生的。

Their mission was to preserve racial segregation.

他們的任務是維護種族隔離。

It was informally called “the Johns Committee,”

它被非正式地稱為 "約翰斯委員會"。

after the influential Florida state senator Charley Johns, who had called for its creation.

以有影響力的佛羅里達州參議員查利-約翰斯的名字命名，他曾呼籲建立這個機構。

Much like Joseph McCarthy, Johns made accusations.

就像約瑟夫-麥卡錫一樣，約翰斯提出了指控。

He eventually claimed that civil rights groups were secretly backed by communists.

他最終聲稱，民權組織是由共產黨人祕密支持的。

There is no doubt, communist people are behind a lot of this race agitation.

毋庸置疑，共產黨人是這場種族煽動的幕後推手。

They had a chart where they had drawn lines between all these different organizations that they didn't like.

他們有一個圖表，在那裡他們畫線 所有這些不同的組織 他們不喜歡。

At the top of their list, was one of the largest American civil rights organizations.

在他們的名單中，名列前茅的是美國最大的民權組織之一。

They thought, OK, the best way to stop integration in Florida is to try to destroy the NAACP.

他們認為，OK，最好的方式來阻止融合 在佛羅里達州是試圖摧毀NAACP。

But that plan was short-lived.

但這個計劃是短暫的。

At that time the NAACP's head lawyer was Thurgood Marshall.

當時有色人種協進會的首席律師是瑟古德-馬歇爾。

Pretty good opposition.

相當不錯的對手。

They weren't winning lawsuits against the NAACP.

他們沒有贏得對NAACP的訴訟。

The Johns Committee's plan to fight civil rights groups was a failure.

約翰斯委員會打擊民權組織的計劃是失敗的。

But the committee still had its sweeping investigative powers, that they could use to target anyone.

但委員會仍然擁有廣泛的調查權，他們可以用來針對任何人。

They just needed a target.

他們只是需要一個目標。

Back then, all of us who were gay lived deeply, deeply in the closet.

那時候，我們所有的同性戀者都深深地、深深地生活在壁櫥裡。

We were always concerned that someone would find out.

我們總是擔心有人會發現。

Well in their minds, if you were gay or lesbian you could be blackmailed by communists.

在他們的心目中，如果你是同志或女同性戀，你可能會被共產黨人勒索。

Because a communist could lure you in and say, we're gonna tell everybody you're gay or lesbian if you don't cooperate with us.

因為共產黨可以引誘你說，如果你不和我們合作，我們會告訴所有人你是同志或女同性戀。

Across the US, local governments started  targeting LGBTQ employees.

在美國各地，地方政府開始針對LGBTQ員工。

And in Washington, Congress began investigating LGBTQ federal employees,

而在華盛頓，國會開始調查LGBTQ聯邦僱員。

claiming that they were "unsuitable" for government jobs, and "security risks."

聲稱他們 "不適合 "政府工作，存在 "安全隱患"。

It was a targeted hunt that became known as the Lavender Scare.

這是一次有針對性的狩獵，被稱為 "薰衣草恐慌"。

It was in that context that the Johns Committee found its new focus:

正是在這種情況下，約翰斯委員會找到了新的工作重點。

To purge the state of LGBTQ teachers and students.

肅清LGBTQ師生的狀態。

The Committee believed LGBTQ students and teachers were endangering the state of Florida.

委員會認為，LGBTQ學生和教師正在危害佛羅里達州。

Their new mission was to find them.

他們的新任務是找到他們。

So we're in the state archives in Florida,

所以我們在佛羅里達州的州檔案館裡。

where they have all the interrogation transcripts that the Committee conducted over the years.

那裡有委員會多年來所有的審訊記錄。

What we found in those files tells the story of how the Committee operated.

我們在這些檔案中發現的東西，講述了委員會如何運作的故事。

The Johns Committee, working with university administrations and campus police,

約翰斯委員會，與大學行政部門和校園警察合作。

conducted hundreds of interrogations, often in motels, with no legal representation.

進行了數百次審訊，往往是在汽車旅館裡，沒有法律代表。

They'd ask questions like:

他們會問這樣的問題：

“Have you ever engaged in any homosexual activities?“

"你有沒有從事過任何同志活動？"

"Do you enjoy normal sexual relationships with your wife?”

"你喜歡和妻子發生正常的性關係嗎？"

“Did you ever give anybody a blow job?”

"你有沒有給人吹過簫？"

Some interrogations happened after entrapping people in the men's bathroom of the county courthouse.

在縣法院的男廁所裡誘捕了一些人後，發生了一些審訊。

An investigator would “place himself in the men's bathroom” “adjacent to their subject.”

調查員會 "把自己放在男廁所裡"，"與他們的對象相鄰"。

They would “ask if he wanted homosexual activity,” wait for them to "reply yes," and conclude,

他們會 "問他是否想進行同志活動"，等他們 "回答是"，然後得出結論。

“this man is a confirmed homosexual.”

"這個人是一個確認的同性戀者。"

We were a very poor family.

我們是一個非常貧窮的家庭。

I was able to enlist in the state university, Gainesville, University of Florida, on my 25th birthday.

我在25歲生日的時候，能夠入伍到佛羅里達大學蓋恩斯維爾分校的州立大學。

I knew that this was my one chance for a decent life.

我知道這是我過上體面生活的唯一機會。

And this was threatening everything that I had planned for.

而這正威脅著我所計劃的一切。

They said, we want the names of all of your friends who are gay.

他們說，我們要你所有同志朋友的名字。

And I said I don't have any gay friends.

我說我沒有任何同志朋友。

Which of course was not true. And they wanted to know if there were any gay professors on campus.

當然，這不是真的。他們還想知道校園裡有沒有同志教授。

I wouldn't tell them.

我不會告訴他們。

One of the tactics they used was, I came back after summer break, and I had a new roommate.

他們的一個策略是，我放暑假回來，我有了一個新室友。

One day he came into the room appearing to be very very drunk.

有一天，他走進房間，顯得非常非常醉。

And he was walking around the room, taking his clothes off around the dorm room,

而他在房間裡走來走去，在寢室裡脫衣服。

and started trying to entice me into having sex with him.

並開始試圖引誘我與他發生性關係。

I grabbed my shoes, I got up, and I got out of the room as fast as I could.

我抓起鞋子，我站起來，我以最快的速度走出了房間。

Some days or weeks later, he admitted to me that yes, he was employed by the Johns Committee,

幾天或幾周後，他向我承認，是的，他受僱於約翰斯委員會。

and they had hired him to see if he could entice me into a situation.

他們僱了他，看他能不能引誘我入局。

It was a--

這是一個 -

It was a low degree of terror.

這是一種低度的恐怖。

At the University of Florida, the committee's tactics led to the forced dismissal of at least 70 students and professors.

在佛羅里達大學，委員會的策略導致至少70名學生和教授被強制解僱。

The Florida Education Association had requested, from the chairman of this committee,

佛羅里達州教育協會已要求該委員會主席：

a listing of any teachers known to be guilty of this kind of moral deviation.

列出已知有這種道德偏差的教師名單；

The Johns Committee destroyed many of their papers, but one undated memo revealed they had over 300 "pending investigations,"

約翰斯委員會銷燬了他們的許多文件，但一份未註明日期的備忘錄顯示，他們有300多份 "待調查"。

that had spread to other Florida universities and grade schools.

已蔓延到佛羅里達州其他大學和小學。

Here in the past five years, we have revoked the certificates of 77 teachers.

在這裡，過去5年，我們已經撤銷了77名教師的證書。

The committee's tactics eventually began to attract attention.

委員會的策略最終開始引起關注。

And then, they published a book.

然後，他們出版了一本書。

After almost a decade of their crusade,

經過他們近十年的討伐。

here is what finally helped unravel the Johns Committee.

這是最終幫助揭開約翰斯委員會的真相的東西。

It's known as the Purple Pamphlet.

這就是所謂的 "紫色小冊子"。

This was a report on homosexuality in Florida that they published

這是他們在佛羅里達州發表的一份關於同志的報告。

for the benefit of "every individual concerned with the moral climate of the state."

為了 "每一個關心國家道德風氣的人 "的利益。

In the pamphlet, they used graphic images meant to depict gay men.

在小冊子中，他們使用了旨在描繪男同性戀者的圖形圖像。

And they even used sexualized images of young boys,

而且他們甚至還使用了小男孩的性感形象。

meant to connect homosexuality with pedophilia.

意在將同志與戀童癖聯繫起來。

And then on the back of the pamphlet was the stamp: the state seal of Florida.

然後在小冊子的背面蓋上了印章：佛羅里達州的州印。

So that didn't go over too well, you might imagine, with Florida taxpayers,

所以，你可以想象，佛羅里達州的納稅人對此並不滿意。

when they found out their money was being used to produce

當他們發現自己的錢被用來生產。

what most people considered porn.

大多數人認為的色情。

I feel the reactivation of the committee is questionable.

我覺得恢復委員會的工作是有問題的。

The following year, lawmakers eliminated funding for the Committee, and they officially folded.

第二年，立法者取消了該委員會的經費，他們正式倒閉。

They shot themselves in the foot.

他們把自己的腳射中了。

Which I think is complete poetic justice, of course.

當然，我認為這完全是詩意的正義。

It's hard to know how many victims of the Johns Committee are still out there.

很難知道還有多少約翰斯委員會的受害者。

Many have passed away, and others were so intimidated by their tactics,

很多人已經去世了，還有人被他們的手段嚇到了。

that they left the state, never to return.

他們離開了國家，再也沒有回來。

Like Art Copleston.

就像Art Copleston一樣

These interrogators, the investigators, they weren't very bright people.

這些審訊人員，調查人員，他們都不是很聰明的人。

But they had tremendous power over others, over us.

但他們對別人、對我們有巨大的力量。

The bottom line is, I graduated, with honors,

最重要的是，我畢業了，以優異的成績畢業了。

and I got a job.

我找到了一份工作。

The morning after the graduation service, I was out of town. Gone.

畢業典禮的第二天早上，我就出了城。走了。

Over 50 years later, the state of Florida has yet to acknowledge that the Johns Committee did anything wrong.

50多年後，佛羅里達州還沒有承認約翰斯委員會做錯了什麼。

It ruined people's lives in a way we will never truly understand.

它毀了人們的生活，我們永遠不會真正理解。

As a white heterosexual Democrat,

作為一個白人異性戀的民主黨人。

I'm kind of the guy that needs to apologize for this currently in the State House.

我算是目前在州府需要為此道歉的人。

That's Evan Jenne, a member of the Florida House of Representatives

那是Evan Jenne, 佛羅里達州眾議院的成員。

who's pushing a bill for a formal state apology.

他正在推動一項正式的國家道歉的法案。

Quite frankly, we still do not give equal protection under the law for the LGBTQ community.

坦率地說，我們仍然沒有為LGBTQ群體提供法律上的平等保護。

You can still be fired in the state of Florida if you are a member of the LGBTQ community.

如果你是LGBTQ社區的成員，你仍然可以在佛羅里達州被解僱。

For now, though, the full story of the Johns Committee,

不過現在，約翰斯委員會的完整故事。

and the people's lives it forever changed, remains largely hidden behind the redacted names...

和人們的生活，它永遠改變了， 仍然在很大程度上隱藏背後 被改編的名字... ...

tucked away in dozens of old boxes.

藏在幾十個舊箱子裡。

After all of these years, I still am...

這麼多年了，我還是... ...

pretty much a pretty closeted guy.

很大程度上是一個相當封閉的傢伙。

I still shy away from a lot of social contact with other gay people.

我還是羞於和其他同志進行大量的社會接觸。

Because I'm so uncomfortable

因為我很不舒服

being identified as a gay man.

被認定為同性戀者。

For this piece, we were only able to scratch the surface of what was in those documents at the Florida State Archives.

對於這篇報道，我們只能從表面上瞭解佛羅里達州檔案館那些文件中的內容。

So if you're interested in learning more about the interrogations or Johns Committee meeting notes,

所以，如果你有興趣瞭解更多關於審訊或約翰斯委員會的會議記錄。

you can check out all our scans at the link below.

您可以通過以下鏈接查看我們所有的掃描結果。

Thanks so much for watching, and can't wait to share the next episode of Missing Chapter with y'all soon.

非常感謝大家的觀看，已經迫不及待地想和大家分享下一集的《缺章》了。