If you're a non-native speaker preparing for the TOEFL or IELTS exams,

如果你是非母語人士，準備參加託福或雅思考試。

or you just want to make your conversational English a little bit more sophisticated,

或者你只是想讓你的英語會話更復雜一點。

you'll want to know these words.

你會想知道這些話。

We're using the Academic Word List,

我們用的是《學術字表》。

which has narrowed down the most important words for you to know.

它為你縮小了最重要的單詞的範圍。

So let's get started.

那我們就開始吧。

But first, if you like this video or you learn something,

但首先，如果你喜歡這個視頻，或者你學到了什麼。

please give a thumbs up and subscribe with notifications, it really does help.

請豎起大拇指，用通知訂閱，真的很有用。

We're starting with Band 1, which is the first set of words in the Academic Word list.

我們先從Band 1開始，這是學術單詞表的第一組單詞。

This is our third video in this series, I'll link to the full playlist at the end of this video.

這是我們這個系列的第三個視頻，我會在這個視頻的最後鏈接到完整的播放列表。

Our first word is CONSTITUTIONAL

我們的第一個詞是CONSTITUTIONAL

and it's most common use is as an adjective.

而它最常見的用法是作為形容詞。

It means relating to an established set of principles, a constitution.

它意味著與一套既定的原則、章程有關。

In the US we have what we call the Constitution of the United States, it's the law of the land.

在美國，我們有所謂的美國憲法，它是國家的法律。

It establishes the separation of powers in the United States, for example.

例如，它確立了美國的三權分立。

It has amendments that address things like personal and other rights.

它的修正案涉及個人權利和其他權利等問題。

For example, if I'm out protesting and someone says 'go home!'.

例如，如果我在外面抗議，有人說'回家吧！'。

I can say, it's my constitutional right to protest.

我可以說，這是我憲法規定的抗議權利。

The courts interpret the constitution and apply it to our lives today.

法院解釋憲法並將其應用於我們今天的生活。

Let's look at some more examples on the web.

我們再來看看網絡上的一些例子。

I'm using Youglish as my search tool.

我用Youglish作為我的搜索工具。

A constitutional right to an appointed attorney.

獲得指定律師的憲法權利；

A right. Something that the government says you get to do, or to have, that is protected by law.

一種權利。 政府說你可以做的事情，或者擁有的東西，是受法律保護的。

Let's watch that one again.

讓我們再看一次。

Here's another example.

這裡還有一個例子。

Again, talking about constitution rights.

再次，談及憲法權利。

Someone's right to do something as written in the constitution.

憲法上寫的某人的權利。

Let's see it again.

讓我們再看看。

Here's another example.

這裡還有一個例子。

A constitutional majority refers to America's house of representatives.

憲法上的多數派是指美國的眾議院。

Whichever political party has the most members in the house, that party has a constitutional majority.

無論哪個政黨在眾議院中擁有最多的議員，該黨就擁有憲法規定的多數。

Let's watch that clip again.

讓我們再看一遍那個片段。

And now, the next clip:

現在，下一個片段。

A constitutional amendment is a modification,

憲法修正案是一種修改。

a change to the constitution.

修改憲法；

Let's watch it again.

我們再看一遍。

Now, one more example.

現在，再舉一個例子。

He used this adjective twice:

他兩次使用這個形容詞。

a constitutional question, meaning, are laws being broken?

一個憲法問題，意思是說，法律是否被違反？

And a constitutional lawyer, meaning, a lawyer who focuses on and is an expert in the constitution.

而憲法律師，指的是，專注於憲法併成為憲法專家的律師。

Constitutional.

憲法：

This is a five syllable word, let's say it slowly together, and do focus on stress.

這是一個五個音節的詞，我們一起慢慢說，做重點強調。

Simplify those unstressed syllables,

簡化那些不緊張的音節。

which are lower in pitch: Constitutional.

其中音調較低的。憲法：

Constitutional.

憲法：

Constitutional.

憲法：

Let's look at that up close and in slow motion.

讓我們近距離慢動作地看一下。

Before we talk about 'context', I'd like to take a moment to talk about Cambly, who is sponsoring this video.

在我們談論 "背景 "之前，我想花點時間談談贊助這個視頻的Cambly。

You may be familiar with them, they match you with tutors on demand,

你可能對他們很熟悉，他們會根據需求為你匹配導師。

it's an app that you can use when you're ready to study, but now they also have a new course feature.

它是一個應用程序，你可以使用時，你準備學習，但現在他們也有一個新的課程功能。

You can enroll in these courses free with any Cambly membership,

只要你是Cambly的會員，就可以免費參加這些課程。

and work through the courses in the live sessions with your tutor

並在導師的直播課程中進行課程學習。

that you've booked through the app or online.

您通過應用程序或在線預訂的。

They have all sorts of topics from general conversation to business English,

他們的話題從一般的對話到商務英語都有。

and they even have lessons to help you ace your IELTS or TOEFL exam.

他們甚至有課程來幫助你的雅思或托福考試。

This can give some great structure to the one-on-one lessons that you take.

這可以給你上的一對一課程提供一些很好的結構。

Cambly is offering a great deal for you,

寒武紀為你提供了一個很大的優惠。

anyone watching this video, to get a discount, 32% off an annual lesson package.

凡是看這個視頻的人，都要打折，32%的年課套餐。

I really encourage you to try it out.

我真的鼓勵你去嘗試一下。

Pick a course, pick a teacher, and get yourself speaking English.

選個課程，選個老師，讓自己說英語。

Actually doing it is the best way to learn.

其實做是最好的學習方法。

Now back to our vocabulary. Our next word is CONTEXT.

現在回到我們的詞彙。 我們下一個詞是context。

Do you remember at the very beginning of this video, I said,

你還記得在這段視頻的最開始，我說過。

you're going to learn the words, with context, so that you never forget them.

你要學習的單詞，與上下文，所以你永遠不會忘記他們。

Context is something around something else, the parts before and after,

語境是圍繞著其他事物的東西，前後的部分。

to help it be fully understood, to help explain something.

以幫助它被完全理解，幫助解釋一些事情。

Don't just learn the word and definition, study the context,

不要只學習單詞和定義，要研究上下文。

the words before and after in a sentence,

句中的前後詞語。

in a couple of sentences, to help you really understand what the word means, and how to use it.

一兩句話，幫助你真正理解這個詞的意思，以及如何使用它。

Let's go to Youglish for some context, some examples.

我們去優衣庫找一些背景，一些例子。

He said, put it in a broader context.

他說，把它放在一個更廣闊的背景下。

That means, to understand it, let's look at even more factors, at an even more general story.

也就是說，要理解它，我們要看更多的因素，看更一般的故事。

If we're studying a word and we see it in a sentence,

如果我們在學習一個詞的時候，我們在句子中看到它。

there's a chance that you might not really understand how to use it.

有可能你並不真正瞭解如何使用它。

But if you use a broader context, maybe you read the whole paragraph,

但如果你用更寬泛的語境，也許你讀懂了整個段落。

the meaning of the word can become more clear.

詞的含義可以變得更加清晰。

So to have a broader context means to take in even more information about something.

所以，擁有更廣闊的背景，意味著要接受更多關於某件事的資訊。

Let's see that clip again.

讓我們再看看那個片段。

And now, another example.

現在，又是一個例子。

A new context. So he's talking about changing our understanding of something.

一個新的背景。 所以他說的是改變我們對某件事情的理解。

We used to think this was good, he's a doctor talking about being a doctor and medicine,

我們以前覺得這個很好，他是一個醫生，講的是做醫生和醫學。

but now that we've learned more, we see that oh, we have a different context,

但現在，我們已經瞭解了更多，我們看到，哦，我們有一個不同的背景。

a different understanding,

不同的理解。

different things we're considering when we're looking at what it means to be a good doctor.

不同的事情，我們正在考慮 當我們正在尋找什麼是一個好醫生的意思。

Let's look at that clip again.

我們再看一下那個片段。

Another example.

另一個例子：

In a business context.

在商業背景下。

So, considering something as it relates to business. This is different than how you might think of it as

所以，考慮一些與商業有關的事情。 這與你可能認為的是不同的

it relates to family, or religion, for example.

例如，它與家庭或宗教有關。

In a business context, maybe the goal has to be to make more money.

在商業背景下，也許目標必須是賺更多的錢。

But in a different context, a familial context, you might say,

但在不同的背景下，你可以說是家庭背景。

you know, about money, the goal isn't just to make more.

你知道，關於錢，目標不只是為了賺更多。

It's to spend time with my kids or my parents, so how you approach a problem or question might be different depending on the context.

是為了陪我的孩子或者我的父母，所以根據不同的情況，你如何處理一個問題或者問題的方法可能會有所不同。

Let's watch that clip again.

讓我們再看一遍那個片段。

One final example.

最後一個例子。

To put something into context.

要把某件事情說清楚。

This is something we can say when we've said something that might be hard to grasp or understand.

這是我們在說了一些可能難以把握或理解的事情時可以說的。

She says 86 billion dollars. Well, that's just a number.

她說有860億美金 嗯，這只是一個數字。

If you compare it to other things, that can help you understand what this number really means.

如果你把它和其他東西進行比較，那可以幫助你理解這個數字的真正含義。

Is 86 billion a lot or not that much?

86億是多還是不多？

It depends on the context.

這要看具體情況。

Let's watch that example again.

我們再來看這個例子。

This is a two-syllable word with first syllable stress.

這是一個雙音節詞，第一音節重音。

Let's break it down and say it slowly together. Con-text. Text.

我們一起分解一下，慢慢說。 康語境。文字。

Here, the letter X here make the KS sounds, ks, ks.

這裡，字母X在這裡發出KS音，ks，ks。

Context. Then the T: kst, kst, kst. Context.

語境。那麼T：kst，kst，kst。語境。

Context.

背景：

If this word links into a word that begins with a consonant, you'll want to drop the T.

如果這個詞連接到一個以輔音開頭的詞，你就會想去掉T。

For example, that's the context that I want you to consider.

比如，這就是我希望你考慮的背景。

Context that, Context that, Context that.

語境，語境，語境。

Right from the KS into the TH, we drop that T.

從KS進入TH，我們就把那個T掉了。

It's pretty common in American English to drop a T between other consonants

在美國英語中，在其他輔音之間去掉一個T是很常見的。

so that's what we'll do here.

所以，這就是我們將在這裡做什麼。

Let's look up close and in slow motion.

讓我們近距離慢動作地看一看。

Next, CONTRACT.

接下來，CONTRACT。

A contract is an agreement between two or more people or groups of people.

合同是兩個或兩個以上的人或群體之間的協議。

For example, when you buy a house, you put in an offer, it's accepted,

比如說，你買房子的時候，你出個價，它就接受了。

and you're under contract.

而你是根據合同。

You've signed an agreement saying you will buy this house for this amount of money

你已經簽了協議，說你會用這個錢買下這個房子。

on this particular day.

在這一天。

Let's go to Youglish to get some more examples.

我們再去優衣庫找一些例子。

A book contract.

一本書的合同。

That means she has signed with a publisher,

這意味著她已經和出版社簽約。

that she will write a book on a certain topic that they will publish.

她將寫一本關於某個主題的書，他們將出版。

An agreement. Let's see it again.

一個協議。 我們再看看

Another example.

另一個例子：

Extending a contract: this means he worked it out do something even longer than he had originally agreed to.

延長合同：這意味著他想辦法做一些比他原來同意的時間更久的事情。

He extended his work contract another month.

他把工作合同又延長了一個月。

Let's watch that example again.

我們再來看這個例子。

Another example.

另一個例子：

So we're talking about a book contract again.

所以我們又在談書約的事了。

And here, and he was too young to sign it.

而在這裡，他還太年輕，不能簽字。

There are laws about how old people have to be to enter into official agreements like a book contract.

簽訂圖書合同等正式協議要到多大年紀才有法律規定。

Let's watch that one again.

讓我們再看一次。

And now, one final example.

現在，最後一個例子。

Signed the contract without even reading it.

連合同都沒看就簽了。

Okay, that's something you probably shouldn't do!

好吧，這是你可能不應該做的事情!

Contract. An agreement, something official.

合同。 一個協議，正式的東西。

A two syllable word, first syllable stress, CON-tract.

一個兩個音節的詞，第一個音節重音，CON-tract。

Contract. The word ends in the CT cluster.

合同。該詞以CT群結尾。

Do you know what will happen if it's followed by a consonant?

你知道如果後面是輔音會怎樣嗎？

Here's a hint: the T will come between two consonants.

這裡有個提示：T會出現在兩個輔音之間。

We'll drop it. Here's an example sentence.

我們會放棄它。這裡有一個例子。

Did you sign a contract for the house?

房子的合同簽了嗎？

Contract for the- for the-for the- K sound into the F consonant, no T sound.

合同為-為-為-為-K音入F輔音，無T音。

We drop the T because it comes between two consonants.

我們去掉T是因為它在兩個輔音之間。

Let's see it up close and in slow motion.

讓我們近距離慢動作地看一看。

Next, CREATE. A verb.

接下來，CREATE。 一個動詞。

To make something. Something that wasn't there before, to bring it about.

創造一些東西。 一些以前不存在的東西，把它實現。

To use thought and imagination to make something.

要用思維和想象力去做一些事情。

An actor might create a role.

一個演員可能會創造一個角色。

Someone wrote the movie,

有人寫了這部電影。

but the actor took what was written on the page and made it a person, created a character.

但演員把寫在紙上的東西變成了一個人，創造了一個角色。

Creativity, a related noun.

創意，是一個相關名詞。

This is the ability to make something new, new ideas, new methods,

這就是新的能力，新的思路，新的方法。

to do away with rules about how something should be done.

摒棄關於如何做某事的規則；

The ability to make something really original.

能夠做出真正原創的東西。

Let's look at an example.

我們來看一個例子。

How to create something new.

如何創造新的東西。

He's looking at a problem,

他在看一個問題。

he knows all the ways we've tried to fix it before that don't work.

他知道我們以前嘗試過的所有解決方法，但都沒有用。

We need something totally new, totally different.

我們需要一些全新的，完全不同的東西。

We need to create that. Let's watch again.

我們需要創造這個。讓我們再看一遍。

Here's another example.

這裡還有一個例子。

Create a platform. Something that wasn't there before, a new kind of platform.

創建一個平臺。 以前沒有的東西，一種新的平臺。

We're not using the old platform, we are creating something. Let's watch again.

我們不是用老平臺，我們是在創造一些東西。我們再看一下。

Another example.

另一個例子：

Ah yes. Creating jobs.

啊，是的。 創造就業機會。

That's something you'll hear politicians say a lot.

這話你會經常聽到政客說。

Creating a job where there was not one before.

在以前沒有的地方創造一個工作崗位；

Let's watch that again.

我們再看一遍。

And now, a final example.

現在，最後一個例子。

Create a future. Oh yes, that's definitely something new that hasn't happened before, the future.

創造一個未來。 哦，對了，這絕對是以前沒有發生過的新鮮事，未來。

Let's watch that again.

我們再看一遍。

Create is a two-syllable word with stress on the second syllable.

Create是一個雙音節詞，重音在第二音節。

Create. Create. Create.

創作。創作。 創作。 創作。

The final T will be a Flap T if this word links into a word that begins with a vowel or diphthong,

如果這個單詞與一個以元音或雙元音開頭的單詞相連，那麼最後一個T將是一個翻轉T。

like in the phrase: create another.

就像一句話：再創造一個。

Create a-dadada-Flap T, create another--

創建一個達達達，翻轉T，創建另一個... ...

Can you create another draft? create another--

你能不能再寫一份草稿？

That's more natural than a True T, which would sound like this:

這比真T更自然，聽起來會是這樣的。

create another-- create another-- create another--

創造另一個 - 創造另一個 - 創造另一個 -

We don't do that, we flap: create another-- dadadadada-- create another--

我們不這樣做，我們拍打：創造另一個... ... dadadadada... ... 創造另一個....

Also in the word 'creative', it's a Flap T.

另外在 "創意 "二字中，是一個翻版T。

In the word creativity, now there, the first T is a True T, the second T is a Flap T,

在創意這個詞裡，現在有，第一個T是真T，第二個T是瓣T。

that's because of stress.

那是因為壓力。

Creati-tih-

創造性地

Tih-- that syllable is stressed and if a T starts a stressed syllable, it will be a True T.

Tih--那個音節是重音，如果一個T開頭的重音，那就是真T。

But the second T is a flap.

但第二個T是一個瓣。

Creativity.

創造性。

Creative.

創意。

Create.

創建。

Let's watch create up close and in slow motion.

讓我們近距離慢動作觀看創作。

Finally we have DATA. Let's start with the pronunciation of this word.

最後我們有了data。 我們先來看看這個詞的發音。

Now, this is something I really hate about online dictionaries.

現在，這是我非常討厭網上字典的地方。

It has a phonetic spelling, it has a recording, and the recording is totally robotic.

它有音拼，有錄音，而且錄音完全是機器人。

Data or data.

數據或數據。

Data or data.

數據或數據。

No. We totally don't say that. We say: data or data.

不，我們完全不這樣說。我們說：數據或數據。

We make it a Flap T because the T comes between two vowel or diphthong sounds and

我們把它定為Flap T，因為T在兩個元音或雙元音之間，而

doesn't start a stressed syllable. Data, data.

不開始一個強調的音節。數據，數據。

Also, when she said it, the two syllables sounded like they were the same length. Let's listen.

而且，她說的時候，這兩個音節聽起來是一樣長的。讓我們來聽聽。

Data or data.

數據或數據。

But they're not. The first syllable is stressed, so it's longer.

但他們不是。 第一個音節是強調的，所以比較長。

The second is unstressed, so it's shorter.

第二種是沒有壓力的，所以比較短。

Data. Data. Data. Data.

日期：日期：日期：日期：

Now, the online dictionary says there are three pronunciations, the AY diphthong, day-ta,

現在，網上詞典說有三個讀音，AY雙音，日他。

the AA vowel, da-ta, I heard both of those, but it also says dah-ta,

AA元音，da-ta，我聽過這兩個，但也有說dah-ta的。

with the AH as in Father vowel, and I've never heard that one in the American accent before.

與AH一樣的父親元音， 我從來沒有聽說過這一個在美國口音。

Data, with the AY diphthong is definitely the most common pronunciation and is what we'll hear in all our examples on Youglish.

Data，帶AY雙元音是最常見的發音，也是我們在Youglish上所有例子中聽到的發音。

Data means information, facts, statistics.

數據是指資訊、事實、統計。

It's something we gather to learn about something,

這是我們聚集在一起學習的東西。

something we use to make decisions.

我們用來做決定的東西。

Let's go to Youglish for some examples and context.