Wouldn't school be so much easier if you could get through all those tedious reading

如果能把那些枯燥無味的讀物讀完，上學是不是就輕鬆多了？

assignments three times faster?

作業快三倍？

Wouldn't it be so much more fun to dive into a good piece of fiction and blast through

潛入一本好的小說中，然後轟轟烈烈地讀完，豈不是更有趣？

it in less than a day?

它在不到一天的時間？

Let's talk speed reading.

我們來談談速讀。

What's going on guys!

這是怎麼回事的傢伙！

Dr. Jubbal, MedSchoolInsiders.com.

朱波醫生，醫派內參網。

If you've already looked into speed reading, you are probably aware that there are two

如果你已經研究過速讀，你可能知道有兩種情況。

camps of thought.

思想陣營。

One group of people say speed reading is a magic cure-all, everything you ever dreamed

有一群人說，速讀是一劑神奇的靈丹妙藥，一切你夢寐以求的東西

of, and more.

的，還有更多。

The other group says speed reading is baloney and doesn't actually work.

另一群人說速讀是胡說八道，實際上沒有用。

As with most things in life, the truth is somewhere in the middle.

就像生活中的大多數事情一樣，真相就在中間。

In approaching speed reading, the first question you have to ask yourself is “what is the

在接近速讀的過程中，你首先要問自己的問題是 "什麼是?

reason I want to read faster?”

我想讀得更快的理由？"

If you want to go through novels or read for pleasure quicker, that requires one approach.

如果你想更快地去看小說或閱讀樂趣，那就需要一種方法。

If you want to read through textbooks or research articles and understand hard science quicker,

如果你想通過閱讀教科書或研究文章，更快地理解硬科學。

that requires a different approach.

這需要不同的方法。

Before we jump into the techniques, however, it's critical that we first understand the

然而，在我們開始研究這些技術之前，我們首先要了解的是

process of reading to have it work in our favor.

閱讀的過程中，要讓它對我們有利。

What is reading?

什麼是閱讀？

Reading is the processing of text to understand the intended meaning of the piece of writing.

閱讀是對文本進行加工，理解文章的原意。

Therefore, in order to successfully read, it requires more than just recognizing a series

是以，要想成功閱讀，不僅需要認識一系列的

of words, but also understanding the relationships among them and the unstated implications involved

詞，但也要理解它們之間的關係和其中的不言而喻的含義。

in the described situation.

在所述情況下，。

Contrast this with skimming, which is the quick consumption of text to get a general

與略讀形成對比，略讀是快速消費文本，以獲得一個大致的

idea, at the cost of comprehension.

理念，以理解為代價。

Speed reading attempts to maintain skim-like reading speeds with reading-like comprehension.

速讀試圖保持類似略讀的閱讀速度，同時具備閱讀的理解能力。

This wouldn't be a Med School Insiders video without getting into the science.

如果不進入科學領域，這就不是一個醫學院內幕的視頻。

The average educated adult reads at approximately 200-400 word per minute.

受過教育的成年人平均閱讀速度約為每分鐘200-400字。

Speed readers claim to read thousands of words per minute.

速讀機號稱每分鐘可讀數千字。

In order to do so, they rely on peripheral vision.

為了做到這一點，他們依靠的是周邊視覺。

Acuity is highest in the fovea, which is the center of your visual field, approximately

視力最高的是蜂窩，也就是視野的中心，約為1/3。

1° in any direction.

任何方向1°。

This amounts to approximately the width of your thumb held out at arm's length.

這大約相當於你的拇指伸出手臂的寬度。

The parafovea has moderate acuity at 1-5° from the center, and the periphery is greater

眶旁距中心1-5°處有中度銳度，周邊則較大

than 5° from the center of vision.

距離視線中心5°以上。

The bad news is that it is biologically and physiologically speaking, it is impossible

壞消息是，從生物學和生理學的角度來說，這是不可能的。

to recognize and interpret text in one's peripheral vision.

識別和解釋周邊視覺中的文字；

Try reading by staring at one word and complehending the sorounding words in your peripheral vision.

試著通過盯著一個單詞閱讀，並在你的周邊視覺中完成對單詞的包圍。

It's not gonna work!

這是不可能的！

Try looking at a stationary object, like this line.

試著看一個靜止的物體，比如這條線。

Try to smoothly move your eyes from one side of the line to the other.

試著把眼睛從線的一邊平穩地移到另一邊。

It's actually physically impossible.

其實這在物理上是不可能的。

Your eyes will move in multiple smaller jerky movements called saccades.

你的眼睛會以多個較小的抖動動作移動，稱為囊狀動作。

Saccades are quick eye movements that occur while reading, allowing the reader to fixate

暈動是指閱讀時發生的快速眼球運動，使讀者能夠固定住

the fovea on a word.

字上的蜂窩。

I initially thought that speed readers employ smooth pursuit.

我最初以為，速度讀者採用平穩的追求。

This is when your eyes fixate on a moving object and can follow it smoothly, like tracking

這時，你的眼睛會固定在一個移動的物體上，並能順利地跟蹤它，就像追蹤一樣。

a target.

一個目標。

As you watch this circle moving from one side of the screen to the other, your eyes can

當你看著這個圓圈從螢幕的一邊移動到另一邊時，你的眼睛可以

actually smoothly persue it without those jerky saccades movements.

其實順利堅持下去，沒有那些抽搐的囊式動作。

However, I learned that the reason speed readers use their finger is less about smooth pursuit

然而，我瞭解到，速讀機之所以使用手指，與其說是為了追求平穩的速度

and more about keeping a metronomic guide to maintain a rapid pace of reading.

以及更多關於保持節拍的指導，以保持快速的閱讀速度。

Saccades allow the fovea to fixate on the next word.

Saccades讓眼窩固定在下一個詞上。

Each fixation lasts approximately 250 milliseconds, but this is highly variable based on the legibility

每次定影時間約為250毫秒，但這是根據可讀性的不同而變化的。

of the text, difficulty, and task goals, such as proofreading versus reading for comprehension

文本、難度和任務目標，如校對與閱讀理解。

or skimming.

或略過。

However, not every word is fixated on.

然而，並不是每一個字都是固定的。

For example, the word “the” is skipped about half the time.

例如，"該 "字大約有一半時間被跳過。

Just because a word is skipped does not mean that it was not processed at all.

一個詞被跳過，並不意味著它根本沒有被處理。

Because each reader is unique in terms of the timing and sequence of words that he or

因為每個讀者在閱讀的時間和順序上都是獨一無二的，他或。

she needs to look at, speed reading technologies like rapid serial visual processing (RSVP)

她需要看看，快速串行視覺處理（RSVP）等速讀技術。

are not effective.

是無效的。

These technologies attempt to present each word in the center of the visual field in

這些技術試圖將每一個單詞以如下方式呈現在視野中心

a rapid progression, eliminating the need for eye movements.

進展迅速，無需動眼。

Taking into account the aforementioned individual variations, the physiology of visual processing,

考慮到上述個體差異，視覺加工的生理。

and the way we comprehend language, I would argue that RSVP is a terribly ineffective

和我們理解語言的方式，我認為RSVP是一個非常無效的。

method to consume text.

方法來消耗文本。

Another problem with RSVP is that it does not allow for regressions.

RSVP的另一個問題是，它不允許迴歸。

Regressions are brief looks backward in text to return to an earlier word.

迴歸是指在文本中向後短暫地看一下，以回到前面的詞。

This is important in correcting errors in comprehension.

這對糾正理解上的錯誤很重要。

By eliminating the possibility of regressions, RSVP further reduces comprehension.

通過消除迴歸的可能性，RSVP進一步降低了理解力。

Now, reading and processing language is much more complex than most realize.

現在，閱讀和處理語言比大多數人意識到的要複雜得多。

Take this stroop task.

接受這個stroop任務。

Try naming the color of the text of each of this words.

試著給這句話中的每一個文字的顏色命名。

Not too bad, right?

還不錯吧？

How about this column?

這個欄目怎麼樣？

Maybe you're marginally slower but that still wasn't too bad.

也許你的速度稍微慢了一點，但還是不差。

How about now?

現在呢？

It takes much longer to correctly name the color when the word describing the color is

當描述顏色的詞是 "顏色 "時，正確命名顏色需要的時間更長。

miss-matched to the color of the text.

與文字的顏色錯配。

Let's talk about subvocalization.

我們來談談次發聲的問題。

Many proponents of speed reading claim that subvocalization, which is using the inner

許多速讀的支持者聲稱，次發聲，就是利用內

speech in your head while reading, will slow you down.

讀書時腦子裡的講話，會讓你的速度變慢。

A series of studies examined the effects of eliminating or minimizing subvocalization

一系列研究考察了消除或最大限度地減少次發聲的效果。

using a variety of techniques.

使用各種技術。

Findings consistently demonstrated decreased comprehension.

調查結果一致顯示理解力下降。

Given that all writing systems represent words and given that the primary form of language

鑑於所有的書寫系統都代表著文字，並且鑑於語言的主要形式是

is vocal and not visual, it makes sense that phonological processing is an important part

是發聲的而不是視覺的，所以語音加工是一個重要的部分是有道理的。

of reading and comprehension.

的閱讀和理解能力。

So what does this all mean?

那麼這一切意味著什麼呢？

Visual perception occurs rapidly.

視覺感知迅速發生。

However, linguistic processing is the bottleneck in reading.

然而，語言加工是閱讀的瓶頸。

Multiple studies support the fact that language processing, rather than the ability to control

多項研究支持，語言加工，而不是控制能力。

eye movements, is the primary determinant of reading speed.

眼動，是決定閱讀速度的主要因素。

Reading is limited by our ability to identify and understand words rather than our ability

閱讀受限於我們識別和理解單詞的能力，而不是我們的能力。

to see them.

來看看他們。

That means reading faster leads to reduced comprehension.

也就是說，閱讀速度加快會導致理解能力下降。

Now that we've clarified the science behind reading and speed reading, let's figure

現在我們已經明確了閱讀和速讀背後的科學原理，讓我們來搞清楚

out how to actually read faster.

出如何真正讀得更快。

The central idea in reading faster is that one does not need to read the same way for

閱讀速度快的中心思想是，一個人不需要用同樣的方式來閱讀。

every reading goal.

每一個閱讀目標。

Some suggest to simply practice reading more as a way to improve one's speed and comprehension.

有人建議乾脆多練習閱讀，以此來提高自己的閱讀速度和理解能力。

While it does help, it's a very slow and gradual process, not causing any drastic improvements.

雖然它確實有幫助，但這是一個非常緩慢和漸進的過程，不會引起任何劇烈的改善。

To more drastically improve speed, we have to reduce comprehension.

為了更大幅度地提高速度，我們必須降低理解力。

To increase comprehension, we have to read slower.

為了提高理解力，我們要讀慢一點。

There is no way around that.

這是沒有辦法的事情。

However, our job then becomes how to optimize the balance between reading comprehension

然而，我們的工作就變成了如何優化閱讀理解之間的平衡。

and reading speed.

和閱讀速度。

How can we reduce comprehension minimally while increasing speed maximally?

如何在最大限度地降低理解力的同時，最大限度地提高速度？

Here are the techniques I have found most useful over the years: First, determine the

以下是我多年來發現最有用的技巧。首先，確定

type of reading you will perform and what your goal is.

你將進行的閱讀類型和你的目標是什麼。

You do not need to maximize comprehension for every reading task.

你不需要為每一個閱讀任務最大化的理解。

Are you reading a piece of non-fiction for pleasure?

你是在讀一本非虛構的小說來消遣嗎？

Are you proof reading an essay for a friend?

你是在為朋友校對論文嗎？

Are you reading a textbook for class?

你是在看課本上課嗎？

Deliberately approaching reading with a goal in mind will help you determine the minimum

有意識地帶著目標去閱讀，將有助於你確定最低的

level of comprehension required and therefore the maximum speed achievable.

所需的理解水準，從而達到的最高速度。

Second, remember to be flexible with your speed.

第二，記得要靈活掌握速度。

While reading, there will be segments of text that are easy for you.

在閱讀時，會有一些對你來說很容易的文字片段。

The language is simple, you understand the concepts, and you're easily able to fly

語言簡單，理解了概念，就可以輕鬆飛翔了。

through it.

通過它。

You don't have to stop on every word and understand it deeply.

你不必停在每一個字上，深刻理解它。

Other sections will introduce new words or concepts and you will have to slow down to

其他部分會介紹新的單詞或概念，你必須放慢腳步，以便

make sense of it.

使得它的意義。

Understand that this will happen frequently, and you must be flexible with your reading

要明白，這種情況會經常發生，你必須靈活地閱讀

speed to optimize your speed/comprehension balance.

速度來優化你的速度/理解力的平衡。

The first and last sentences of a paragraph are often most important, so focus on those

段落的第一句和最後一句往往是最重要的，所以要把重點放在這兩句話上。

if you're unsure about the importance of the paragraph.

如果你不確定該段的重要性。

This is very similar to Cal Newport Pseudo-skimming techniques Next, use a pacer, like your finger

這和卡爾-紐波特的偽略讀技巧非常相似 接下來，用一個節奏器，比如你的手指。

or a pen.

或筆。

Run your pacer below each line from end to end, and have your eyes follow along.

在每條線的下面從頭到尾地跑著你的節奏，讓你的眼睛也跟著跑。

This will instantly increase your reading speed while with minimized comprehension loss.

這將瞬間提高你的閱讀速度，同時將理解力的損失降到最低。

The key is finding the sweet spot where you are only minimizing comprehension loss, but

關鍵是要找到甜蜜點，在這裡，你只是最大限度地減少了理解力的損失，但。

are pushing the limits of your comfort zone.

正在挑戰你舒適區的極限。

For example, if you reduce comprehension by 10% but gain 50% in speed, that's not a

例如，如果你的理解力降低了10%，但速度卻提高了50%，這並不是一個。

bad tradeoff in my opinion.

在我看來，不好的權衡。

As above, there will be sections where you want to move your pacer faster and other sections

如上所述，在某些路段，你想讓你的速度更快，而其他路段則想讓你的速度更快。

where you will want to move slower.

在這裡，你會希望移動速度慢一些。

Now, let's talk about SPECIFIC TYPES OF READING.

現在，我們來談談特定類型的閱讀。

For Textbooks, they often have large sections of superfluous text.

對於《教科書》來說，它們往往有大段的贅文。

Don't be afraid to skip these paragraphs or even entire sections.

不要害怕跳過這些段落甚至整個章節。

Focus on bolded words and sections that contain key information, and slow down on the surrounding

重點放在包含關鍵資訊的黑體字和部分，周圍的速度要慢一些

text that adds additional context.

的文字，增加了額外的上下文。

Another cool tip is Pre-reading sections by thumbing through the chapter and looking at

另一個很酷的小技巧是預讀章節，通過翻閱章節，看一看。

section headings and bolded terms will prime you know what is important.

節標題和加粗的術語會讓你首要知道什麼是重要的。

It may take a minute or two at the beginning, but overall you should safe time if executed

它可能需要一兩分鐘在開始，但總體上你應該安全的時間，如果執行。

properly.

適當。

Mtyt favourite tip for textbooks is, after I read a section or a page, I'll stop and

我最喜歡的課本小貼士是，當我讀完一節或一頁後，我會停下來，然後再讀一讀。

summarize what I learned.

總結我所學的知識。

I will do this out-loud to myself or with a friend or by writing a few bullet points.

我會自己或和朋友一起大聲地做，或者寫幾個要點。

This drastically improves retention.

這極大地提高了保留率。

On to Books for Pleasure.

在書的樂趣。

If reading for pleasure, you can do whatever you want.

如果是為了消遣而讀書，可以隨心所欲。

If you want to enjoy the nuances of the author's language, then slow down.

如果你想享受作者語言的細微差別，那就放慢腳步。

However, if you want to get the gist and the overall story, it's not a problem to have

不過，如果你想掌握要領和整體故事，擁有

your comprehension drop substantially.

你的理解力大幅下降。

This very much depends on the book.

這非常取決於書。

For some books I slow down and read every book, and for others I skip sections.

對於有些書，我放慢腳步，每本書都看，有些書我則跳過部分。

Most books fall somewhere in the middle.

大部分的書都是在中間的位置。

And lastly lets talk about Research Articles.

最後讓我們談談研究文章。

When reading research articles, which you will have to do plenty of as a pre-med, med

當閱讀研究文章時，你將不得不做大量的醫學預科，醫學，醫學，醫學，醫學。

student, and resident, approach them systematically.

學生，和居民，系統地接近他們。

Read the abstract slowly and carefully, but then determine what is important to have a

慢慢地、仔細地閱讀摘要，但要確定哪些是重要的，要有一個

greater understanding of and focus you time and energy there.

更加了解並將你的時間和精力集中在那裡。

I often read the abstract, quickly go through some of the introduction paragraphs, skim

我經常是看完摘要後，快速瀏覽一些介紹段，瀏覽

the methods and results sections to get just a brief high yield points, and then spend

方法和結果的部分，只得到一個簡單的高收益點，然後花上

more time in the conclusion.

更多的時間在結論中。

Another option is to skip reading all together and opt for Audio Books.

另一種選擇是完全跳過閱讀，選擇有聲讀物。

My go to service is Audible.

我的服務是Audible。

The great thing about Audible and listening to books rather than reading them is that

關於Audible和聽書而不是看書的最大好處是。

you can free up so much more time to actually consume the book.

你可以騰出更多的時間來實際消費這本書。

Ultimately, that's what speed reading is all about, being able to consume more books or

歸根結底，這就是速讀的意義所在，能夠消耗更多的書或

the same number of books but much more rapidly.

同樣數量的書，但速度更快。

I can listen in the morning while making and eating breakfast, I can listen while driving

我可以在早上做飯吃早飯的時候聽，我可以在開車的時候聽。

or riding my bike, I can listen while stretching or even during a workout.

或騎自行車時，我可以一邊聽，一邊拉伸，甚至在鍛鍊時。

I recently listened to Aziz Ansari Modern Romance.

我最近聽了阿齊茲-安薩里的《現代浪漫》。

The best part was that it was narrated by Aziz her self, which makes for a tremendous

最好的部分是，它是由阿齊茲她自己敘述，這使得一個巨大的。

entertaining and enjoyable listening experience.

娛樂性和愉快的聽覺體驗。

Audible includes an unmatched selection of audio books, original audio shows, news, comedy

Audible包含了無與倫比的有聲讀物、原創音頻節目、新聞、喜劇等內容。

and more from the leading audio book publishers, broadcasters and entertainers and more.

以及更多來自領先的有聲讀物出版商、廣播公司和藝人等。

Go to Audible.com/MedSchoolInsiders or text MedSchoolInsiders to 500-500 to get an exclusive

前往Audible.com/MedSchoolInsiders或發短信給MedSchoolInsiders至500-500，即可獲得專屬的。

30 day free trial and a book of your choice for free.

30天免費試用，並免費贈送一本自選書。

Thank you all so much for watching.

非常感謝大家的觀看。

If you enjoyed the video, make sure you press that like button.

如果你喜歡這段視頻，一定要按下 "喜歡 "鍵。

Hit subscribe if you have not already and I will see you guys in that next one.

點擊訂閱，如果你還沒有，我會看到你們在下一個。