Name: The problem with banning TikTok
Uploaded: 2020-08-31T18:05:17.000Z
Duration: 7 min 46 s

Okay Joss, I want to start with an experiment where we swap TikTok login information

好吧，喬斯，我想從一個實驗開始，我們交換TikTok的登錄資訊。

程度副詞

to see just how different our feeds actually are.

看看我們的飼料到底有多大的不同。

I don't know what it's going to reveal about me.

我不知道它會透露出我的什麼資訊。

I do wonder how different it's going to be.

OK so I just got literally the male version of that on yours. Look.

好吧，所以我只是得到了字面上的男性版本的，在你的。看吧

我從來沒有見過這個俯臥撐挑戰。

Yeah, I think TikTok recognized that I would prefer a funny version of this.

是的，我想TikTok認識到我更喜歡這個有趣的版本。

It recognized that I share a sense of humor with this person in Indonesia.

它認識到，我和印尼的這個人有共同的幽默感。

TikTok's frictionless personalization is what made the app an instant success around the world.

TikTok的無摩擦個性化是該應用在全球範圍內瞬間成功的原因。

But now that global success is crashing into international politics, putting TikTok

但現在，全球的成功正在衝擊國際政治，把TikTok

in the middle of a worldwide battle over how open the internet should be.

在全球範圍內關於互聯網應該如何開放的爭論中。

"President Trump threatening to ban TikTok in the United States as Microsoft is hoping to acquire it."

"特朗普總統威脅要在美國禁止TikTok，因為微軟希望收購它。"

WEI: I think Chinese tech companies traditionally have really struggled to get a cultural foothold

魏：我覺得中國的科技公司傳統上確實很難在文化上立足。

in the U.S. because the culture is just so different.

在美國，因為文化是如此不同。

That's Eugene Wei, a Tech Product Executive who has written about how Tiktok, which is

這就是科技產品高管尤金偉，他曾撰文介紹過Tiktok，它是如何。

owned by a company called ByteDance, became the first globally-successful Chinese app.

由一家名為ByteDance的公司擁有，成為第一個全球成功的中國應用。

How they did it all comes down to design.

他們是如何做到的，這一切都歸結於設計。

When you first open up TikTok, you don't have to follow anyone,

當你第一次打開TikTok的時候，你不需要跟著任何人。

or tell the app about your interests, or even choose what to watch.

或告訴應用程序你的興趣，甚至選擇觀看的內容。

It shows you a video, and the only decision you have to make is how long you watch it.

它給你看一段視頻，你唯一要做的決定就是看多久。

WEI: So if you look at the history of social media, most of the giants in social networking today

魏：所以，如果你看一下社交媒體的歷史，今天社交網絡中的大部分巨頭們

started by having people essentially build up a social graph from the bottoms up.

開始是讓人們基本上從底層開始建立一個社交圖譜。

A social graph is the web of accounts you follow and it determines most of the content

社交圖譜是你所關注的賬戶的網絡，它決定了大部分的內容。

you see on Facebook, Twitter, Instagram, and Snapchat.

你在Facebook、Twitter、Instagram和Snapchat上看到的。

The problem with that approach is that it can feel like work: building up a social network

這種方法的問題是，它可能會讓人覺得是工作：建立一個社交網絡。

takes time, you're not necessarily going to like every post from the accounts you follow,

需要時間，你不一定會喜歡你關注的賬戶的每一個帖子。

and it's hard to find accounts that you would like but don't know about.

而且很難找到自己想找卻不知道的賬號。

TikTok took a different approach. It bypasses the social graph, and instead builds an "interest graph,"

TikTok採取了不同的方法。它繞過了社交圖譜，而是建立了一個 "興趣圖譜"。

by watching you interact with videos. TikTok isn't the first platform to do that--

通過觀察你與視頻的互動。TikTok並不是第一個這樣做的平臺--。

it's basically how YouTube works too -- but because TikTok videos are less than 60 seconds

基本上YouTube也是這樣工作的 -- 但因為TikTok視頻不到60秒。

long, you watch more of them, which means more data.

長，你看的多了，也就意味著更多的數據。

WEI: People talk about the TikTok algorithm as if it's some magic piece of software that

WEI。人們談論TikTok算法時，就好像它是一個神奇的軟件，它能讓你的生活變得更美好。

is just miraculously better than every piece of software out there. But the truth is that

就是奇蹟般地比每一款軟件都要好。但事實是

it's not necessarily that the algorithms themselves have gotten that much better. But if you massively,

並不是說算法本身一定會變得那麼好。但如果你大規模。

massively increase the training data set that you train the algorithm on, you can achieve

大幅增加訓練數據集，在此基礎上訓練算法，可以實現

really amazing results. And that's why I think a lot of people will describe the algorithm

真的是驚人的結果。這就是為什麼我覺得很多人都會把這個算法描述為

TikTok's interest graph introduces you to

like-minded people. And because the videos are often music or meme-based rather than

志同道合的人。因為視頻往往是音樂或基於記憶的，而不是。

language-based, you may find that some of those like-minded people live on the other

語言為基礎，你可能會發現其中一些志同道合的人生活在另一個國家。

side of the world. They might be a dancer in Nepal, a family

世界的另一邊。他們可能是尼泊爾的一個舞蹈家，一個家庭。

in Mexico, or kids in the U.K, or this guy, as long as the algorithm predicts

在墨西哥，或孩子在英國，或這個傢伙，只要算法預測

WEI: And so in that way, the TikTok algorithm

WEI。所以從這個角度來說，TikTok算法

kind of allows ByteDance to gain traction in markets all over the world, with languages

樣讓ByteDance在全球市場上獲得了吸引力，語言的

that they don't understand, subcultures they don't understand.

他們不理解的，他們不理解的亞文化。

TikTok's global appeal enabled it to reach a billion users faster than the other social

TikTok的全球吸引力使它比其他社交網站更快地達到10億用戶。

media giants had. But it also set the app on a collision course with a different trend:

媒體巨頭了。但它也讓這款應用與另一種趨勢發生了碰撞。

the rise of internet nationalism. "India is banning TikTok and dozens of other

網絡民族主義的興起。"印度正在禁止TikTok和其他幾十種

Chinese apps." "Australia has cited concerns about national security. So too has South

中國應用。""澳洲以擔心國家安全為由。南方也是如此

Korea." "President Trump issued executive orders that would ban TikTok and messaging

韓國。""美國總統特朗普發佈行政命令，將禁止TikTok和簡訊

app WeChat from operating in the US in 45 days."

應用微信在45天內無法在美國營運"。

Bytedance is based in China, which means it's subject to surveillance by a regime known

Bytedance的總部設在中國，這意味著它受到了一個被稱為

for censorship, human rights abuses, and cyber espionage.

審查、侵犯人權和網絡間諜活動。

But TikTok says they have never provided any US user data to the Chinese government.

但TikTok表示，他們從未向中國政府提供過任何美國用戶數據。

For his part, President Trump has hinted that this is actually about getting revenge for

特朗普總統則暗示，這其實是為了報復。

the coronavirus. VAN SUSTEREN: Why would you ban it?

TRUMP: Well, it's a big business. China -- look what happened with China with this virus,

特朗普：嗯，這是個大生意。中國--看看中國在這個病毒上發生了什麼。

what they've done to this country and to the entire world is disgraceful.

他們對這個國家和整個世界所做的一切是可恥的。

But whatever the motivation, the US targeting a globally popular app is a big deal -- because

但無論動機如何，美國針對一款全球流行的應用都是一件大事--因為。

it throws a wrench into one of the biggest debates over what the internet should be.

它拋出一個扳手到一個最大的辯論 在互聯網應該是什麼。

A New America Foundation report plots that debate along a spectrum-- of how open the

internet is within a country. SHERMAN: So on the one pole, we can visualize

互聯網是一個國家內。所以，在一極，我們可以想象出：

the free and open model, so that's the democratic model, very little state involvement in Internet

的自由開放模式，所以這就是民主模式，國家很少參與互聯網

content. As the original home of the internet and many

的內容。作為互聯網的原生地和許多

of the world's biggest tech companies, the US has traditionally advocated for the free

的世界最大的科技公司，美國曆來主張自由。

flow of information online. SHERMAN: The opposite end of the spectrum

網上資訊的流動。譜系的相反一端

is what we see in countries like China, where there is heavy state involvement in content,

是我們在中國這樣的國家看到的，國家對內容的重度參與。

where they do go to Internet companies and say, you have to censor all of these keywords,

在那裡，他們確實去互聯網公司說，你必須審查所有這些關鍵詞。

you have to censor all these foreign websites.

你必須審查所有這些外國網站。

China's Great Firewall famously blocks sites

中國的 "長城 "是著名的屏蔽網站

like Google, YouTube, Facebook, Twitter, Wikipedia, Netflix, WhatsApp, and many western news outlets.

如谷歌、YouTube、Facebook、Twitter、維基百科、Netflix、WhatsApp以及許多西方新聞機構。

But it's not just China anymore. SHERMAN: What we see in the middle are countries

但現在已經不僅僅是中國了。SHERMAN：我們看到的是中間的國家。

who I think are going to play a pivotal role going forward in this global scale tipping

我認為，在這個全球規模的傾覆中，誰將會起到關鍵性的作用？

we see. According to analysts surveyed for this report,

我們看到。據接受本報告調查的分析師。

many of these countries shifted toward less openness between 2014 and 2018.

其中許多國家在2014年至2018年期間轉向開放程度較低。

In 2019 Russia moved to build an internet that is isolated from the rest of the world,

2019年，俄羅斯動了建立一個與世界其他地方隔絕的互聯網的念頭。

following years of increasing government censorship. Turkey has been blocking some news websites

繼多年來政府加強審查後。土耳其一直在封鎖一些新聞網站

and recently passed a law giving the government sweeping powers over social media.

並在最近通過了一項法律，賦予政府對社交媒體的全面權力。

And India, the world's largest democracy, leads the world in deliberate Internet shutdowns.

而印度作為世界上最大的民主國家，其故意關閉互聯網的行為在世界範圍內處於領先地位。

"Turning off the internet is becoming a defining tool of government repression." "Internet

"關閉互聯網正在成為政府鎮壓的一個決定性工具。""互聯網

access shut down" "Imposed an internet blackout" "Ethiopia" "Liberia" "Venezuela" "Pakistan"

"關閉接入""實行互聯網停電""衣索匹亞""賴比瑞亞""委內瑞拉""巴基斯坦"

"taken offline." As governments decide that a world wide web

"下線"。由於各國政府決定，一個世界性的網絡

doesn't suit their interests, we end up with a fractured internet, what some call "the

不符合他們的利益，我們最終會有一個分裂的互聯網，有人稱之為 "的。

splinternet" where national borders increasingly dictate what information people can access

融合網絡"，國界越來越多地決定了人們可以獲取什麼資訊。

online. Now it's up to democratic countries to reimagine

在線。現在要看民主國家如何重塑。

an open internet worth fighting for. Instead, the US is threatening to ban a platform used

一個值得為之奮鬥的開放互聯網。相反，美國正威脅要禁止一個平臺，用於

by millions of Americans. SHERMAN: The US benefits from having technological

由數百萬美國人。美國受益於技術上的優勢。

leadership, it benefits from promoting a democratic Internet model and contesting authoritarianism.

上司，有利於推廣民主的互聯網模式，與專制主義較量。

And so abdicating leadership on that front is not good in the own interests of the US either.

所以放棄這方面的領導權，對美國自身的利益也是不利的。

TikTok created a uniquely international platform.

TikTok創建了一個獨特的國際平臺。

But it emerged onto an internet that wasn't quite ready for it. It arrived in the midst

但它出現在一個還沒有完全準備好的互聯網上。它的到來，在中間

of rising nationalism, from a country that has never respected internet freedom.

的民族主義抬頭，從一個從未尊重過互聯網自由的國。

So now it's forcing the issue: When authoritarian states assert control over online speech,

所以，現在是逼不得已。當專制國家對網絡言論進行控制時，