for hours to reach their local food bank.

小時才能到達當地的食物銀行。

The same thing happened in California, Pennsylvania, and New York City.

同樣的事情發生在加州、賓夕法尼亞州和紐約市。

Food banks across the US are seeing a massive rise in the number of residents in need because

美國各地的食物銀行看到需要幫助的居民數量大量增加，因為

of the coronavirus.

的冠狀病毒。

But on American farms, the economic fallout from the coronavirus looks very different.

但在美國農場，冠狀病毒帶來的經濟後果看起來很不一樣。

Here it has led to a widespread surplus of food that's gone to waste.

在這裡，它導致了糧食的普遍過剩，浪費了。

Millions of pounds of perfectly good potatoes, cucumbers and squash left to rot or plowed

數百萬磅完全好的洋芋、黃瓜和南瓜任其腐爛或耕種

back into the fields.

回到田間地頭。

And dairy farmers forced to dump millions of gallons of fresh milk down the drain.

而奶農被迫將數百萬加侖的鮮奶倒入下水道。

It's all because of a break in the food supply chain.

這都是因為食物供應鏈的斷裂。

One that, for now, means we have farmers with too much food...

一個，目前意味著我們的農民有太多的糧食... ...

and very few options.

和極少的選擇。

We're the farmers out here. We're all in this together

我們是這裡的農民。我們都在這一起

and if something don't change soon we're going down.

如果不盡快改變，我們就會倒下。

To understand why the food supply chain is broken let's look at milk.

要了解食物供應鏈為什麼會斷裂，我們來看看牛奶。

A very simplified supply chain for dairy products in the US looks something like this.

在美國，一個非常簡化的乳製品供應鏈是這樣的。

It starts with cows. And a dairy farm where they're milked.

它開始與奶牛。和一個奶牛場，他們在那裡擠奶。

That milk is filled into tanks and then sent to processors.

這些牛奶被裝入罐中，然後送到加工廠。

There it turns into products like pasteurized fluid milk, cheese, yogurt, or butter.

在那裡，它變成了巴氏消毒液奶、奶酪、酸奶或黃油等產品。

It's then packaged and sent off to grocery stores where consumers can get their dairy off the shelves.

然後，它被包裝並送往雜貨店，消費者可以在那裡得到他們的乳製品下架。

But here's the thing, even though a large portion of dairy production is aimed at grocery stores,

但事情是這樣的，儘管乳製品生產的很大一部分是針對雜貨店的。

it's just one of many places where the product ends up.

這只是產品最終落腳的眾多地方之一。

About half of all production is aimed at other avenues like schools and businesses.

大約有一半的生產是針對學校和企業等其他管道的。

Starbucks, for example, typically goes through hundreds of thousands of gallons of milk every day.

以星巴克為例，通常每天要處理幾十萬加侖的牛奶。

Together, all of these avenues amount to a huge amount of milk production in the US —

所有這些途徑加在一起，相當於美國巨大的牛奶產量------。

about 218 billion pounds in 2019.

2019年約218億英鎊。

Every part of dairy production, from farming to processing and packaging, carries out a specialized process

乳品生產的每一個環節，從養殖到加工、包裝，都要進行專門的工藝流程。

which makes the supply chain efficient under normal circumstances.

這使得供應鏈在正常情況下效率很高。

But as the coronavirus started to spread, and the nation began to shut down,

但隨著冠狀病毒開始蔓延，全國開始停產。

this chain started to look a lot different.

這條鏈子開始看起來有了很大的不同。

Schools and restaurants canceled orders,

學校和餐館取消了訂單。

but the cows at the farm still needed to be milked.

但農場的奶牛還是需要擠奶。

A significant drop in demand from these avenues led to way more supply

這些管道需求的大幅下降導致了更多的供應。

but there's nowhere to send that surplus.

但沒有地方可以送出多餘的錢。

Even though more people have been buying dairy at grocery stores during lockdown,

儘管在封鎖期間，更多的人在雜貨店購買乳製品。

the system isn't built to redirect excess supply that easily.

系統的建立不是為了輕易地改變多餘的供應。

We want to get food to the people who need it,

我們想把食物送到需要的人手中。

and we're trying but

我們正在努力，但

when you have a really specialized industry, it doesn't necessarily translate.

當你有一個真正專業的行業，它不一定能轉化。

That's because the same dairy products meant for schools, businesses, and grocery stores,

這是因為同樣的乳製品意味著學校、企業和雜貨店。

look very different after they're processed and packaged.

經過處理和包裝後，看起來很不一樣。

For example, at grade schools they might take the shape of small milk cartons made for kids.

例如，在小學，他們可能會採用為孩子們製作的小牛奶盒的形狀。

Or massive bags of cheese for food service companies to make lunches.

或者是大量的奶酪袋，供餐飲公司做午餐。

At a restaurant the products might be large 5-gallon containers of milk, or 40-pound blocks of cheese.

在餐館裡，產品可能是5加侖的大容器牛奶，或40磅重的奶酪塊。

And at grocery stores — they're the products we're more used to seeing,

而在雜貨店--它們是我們更習慣看到的產品。

like single gallon cartons of milk, and small packages of cheese.

比如單加侖的牛奶盒，還有小包裝的奶酪。

Converting those school milk cartons into something people will actually buy at grocery stores,

把那些學校的牛奶盒轉換成人們真正會在雜貨店購買的東西。

would be a massive change.

將是一個巨大的變化。

Facilities often don't have the right packaging to make a switch.

設施往往沒有合適的包裝來進行轉換。

While other products, like a large block of cheese

而其他的產品，比如一大塊奶酪，則會被稱為 "奶酪"。

would need to be cut to a more manageable size for consumers

將需要削減到對消費者來說更容易管理的規模。

meaning millions of dollars in new equipment that many processors can't afford.

意味著數百萬美元的新設備，很多加工廠都買不起。

You can't deliver a five hundred pound barrel to someone's house and be like here's your cheese.

你不能把一個五百磅的桶送到別人家，然後就說這是你的奶酪。

I mean, you have entire plants built for school milk for kids.

我的意思是，你有整個工廠 建立學校牛奶的孩子。

We could have just sent crates of milk home with parents like here's your crates from the school.

我們可以直接把一箱牛奶寄回家，和家長一起，比如這是你從學校寄來的箱子。

Just feed your kid. Where are they going to store it in their fridges?

只要把孩子餵飽就行了。他們的冰箱裡要存放在哪裡？

What we have from restaurants and food service just doesn't neatly turns into something that's usable for

我們從餐廳和餐飲服務中得到的東西，只是沒有整齊地變成可用的東西。

the average person at home.

家裡的普通人。

We're switching as fast as we can but this is unprecedented, right?

我們儘可能快地轉換，但這是前所未有的，對嗎？

Some are sending their surplus product to food banks, but these organizations often

一些人將剩餘產品送往食品銀行，但這些組織往往會

don't have the refrigerator capacity, or the manpower needed to distribute so much perishable product.

沒有冰箱的容量，也沒有人力去配送這麼多易腐爛的產品。

And even with shifts in some production from businesses and schools to grocery stores,

甚至隨著一些生產從企業和學校轉移到雜貨店。

the new consumer demand likely wouldn't make up for the huge losses from these other avenues.

新的消費需求可能無法彌補這些其他管道的巨大損失。

That extra supply leads to an incredible amount of food waste.

額外的供應導致了大量的食物浪費。

We started dumping milk March 31st

我們3月31日開始倒奶

and we dumped seven semi-loads of milk a day.

我們每天倒掉7個半載的牛奶。

Which is 42,000 gallons of milk a day we dumped for about two weeks.

也就是每天42000加侖的牛奶，我們傾倒了兩個星期。

When you think about a semi load like the big tanker trucks

當你想到像大型油罐車那樣的半載貨時

you would see out on the interstate, that, hundreds of trucks that size.

你會看到在州際公路上，數百輛卡車的大小。

When you don't have that food getting to people, that's crushing.

當你沒有那些食物送到人們手中時，那是很難受的。

This food supply chain problem led to a massive drop in milk prices

這一食品供應鏈問題導致牛奶價格大跌

which started to tumble just as the coronavirus took hold in the US.

就在冠狀病毒在美國大行其道的時候，開始暴跌。

December's milk was 24 bucks.

12月的牛奶是24元。

Today it's 10.80. I don't care if you're milking 10 cows or 5,000. It don't matter.

今天是10. 80。我不管你是擠10頭奶牛還是5000頭。這不重要。

10 dollars and 80 cents is not going to pay the bills.

10塊8毛錢是付不了賬的。

My organic milk is very expensive. It's expensive to make, it's expensive to market.

我的有機牛奶非常昂貴。它的昂貴的製作，它的昂貴的市場。

What happens to my milk is it gets marketed as conventional milk.

我的牛奶的下場是它被當作傳統牛奶銷售。

Which is basically about half of what I get paid.

基本上是我工資的一半。

It doesn't take much of a math scientist to figure out that you're really in trouble.

不需要什麼數學科學家就能知道你真的有麻煩了。

That drop is just the latest in several years of record-low prices for the dairy industry.

這一跌幅只是乳製品行業幾年來價格創下新低的最近一次。

Since 2015, milk prices paid to farmers have been well below the cost of production.

2015年以來，支付給養殖戶的牛奶價格一直遠低於生產成本。

Factors like rise in corporate farming,

公司養殖業崛起等因素。

trade wars that decreased US exports,

貿易戰，減少了美國的出口。

and more people choosing milk alternatives,

和更多的人選擇牛奶替代品。

have led to too much dairy, and low prices.

導致了乳製品過多，價格低迷。

It's also led to a dairy farming crisis. In 2014, there were about 45,000 dairy farms in the US.

這也導致了奶牛養殖的危機。2014年，美國約有4.5萬個奶牛場。

But over the next 5 years, 11,000 dairy farms shut down.

但在接下來的5年裡，有1.1萬個奶牛場被關閉。

That's nine US dairy farms lost every day during that period.

這期間，美國每天有9個奶牛場損失。

That number is likely to increase even more because of coronavirus.

由於冠狀病毒的影響，這個數字可能會更多。

Today, many dairy cooperatives, often made up of hundreds of different farms, are taking this hit together,

如今，許多乳品合作社，往往是由數百個不同的農場組成，共同承受著這一打擊。

by sharing the burden and making sure not every farm has to dump their milk.

通過分擔負擔，確保不是每個農場都要傾倒牛奶。

Many have enacted quotas to keep production at a level that's more in line with what they predict can be sold.

許多人已經頒佈了配額，以使產量保持在一個更符合他們預測可以銷售的水準。

Some are suggesting farmers sell off cows,

有人建議農民賣掉奶牛。

and others are incentivizing farmers to leave their businesses entirely.

等激勵農民完全離開企業。

We have to cut back 10% of our milk. We are selling cows,

我們必須減少10%的牛奶。我們正在賣奶牛。

we're drying out cows early.

我們正在提前晾晒奶牛。

We're trying to do whatever we can now to drop our production 10% but it's going to be tough.

我們現在正想盡一切辦法將產量降低10%，但這將是很艱難的。

The US government has allocated payouts for farmers to cover some of these losses.

美國政府已經為農民撥付了賠款，以彌補部分損失。

And they've set aside money for government purchases of dairy and other fresh produce for food banks.

而且他們已經預留了政府為食物銀行購買奶製品和其他新鮮農產品的資金。

These provisions could be one way to tackle both the hardships of farmers,

這些規定可能是解決農民困難的一種方法。

and the growing hunger crisis that affects millions of Americans.

以及影響數百萬美國人的日益嚴重的飢餓危機。

But while it may be a good first step, many in the industry warn that it could disproportionately

但是，雖然這可能是一個很好的第一步，但許多業內人士警告說，它可能會不成比例地。

help large corporate farms, and fall short of getting small farmers the help they need immediately.

幫助大公司農場，而未能讓小農戶立即得到所需的幫助。

As those things run out, who knows what's going to happen.

這些東西用完了，誰也不知道會發生什麼。

And that's the uncertainty that I feel and I think most other people feel it.

這就是我所感受到的不確定性，我想其他大多數人都會有這種感覺。

We need to have a better plan.

我們需要有一個更好的計劃。

The unprecedented amount of extra milk has forced

史無前例的額外牛奶量已經迫使

some farmers and processors to think about other solutions, too.

一些農民和加工者也要考慮其他的解決方案。

Like lobbying pizza chains to put more cheese on pizzas.

比如遊說披薩連鎖店在披薩上多放點奶酪。

Or, lobbying for a more controversial long term solution,

或者，遊說一個更有爭議的長期解決方案。

like setting federal limits on the amount of milk production across the country,

比如設定聯邦對全國牛奶產量的限制。

so that the supply and the prices will always be stable.

以便供應和價格始終保持穩定。

We need some help out here, how we're going to get it I don't know,

我們需要一些幫助，我們如何得到它，我不知道。

but if we don't get it we're all in big trouble.

但如果我們沒有得到它，我們都在大麻煩。

What's happening with this supply chain in the US isn't just a problem for dairy.

在美國這個供應鏈上發生的事情，不僅僅是乳製品的問題。

It's a problem for farmers across the country

這是全國各地農民的難題

who have seen their demands diminish from schools and restaurants.

誰看到他們從學校和餐館的要求減少了。

And whether it's milk, or green beans,

而無論是牛奶，還是綠豆。

for farmers, trashing their produce isn't just a financial blow.

對於農民來說，搗毀他們的產品不僅僅是經濟上的打擊。

It's also an emotional one.

這也是一種情感。

We work so hard to provide for other people.

我們這麼努力地工作，就是為了供養別人。

That's what our calling is. That's why we do this. We're not doing it for the money, that's for sure.

這就是我們的使命。這就是為什麼我們做這個。我們不是為了錢，這是肯定的。

And so to see what we provide go to waste

所以看到我們提供的東西被浪費了

has just been really devastating.

一直只是真的破壞性。