Name: 【CNN10】新冠病毒免疫、企鵝發源地、美大學學費爭議 (A Bit Of Hopeful News | August 19, 2020)
Uploaded: 2020-09-14T21:01:30.000Z
Duration: 10 min 1 s

First week of our fall season is rolling along here on CNN 10.

I love starting off a show with hopeful news.

我喜歡以充滿希望的新聞作開場。

And here is some hopeful news concerning coronavirus (COVID-19).

而以下是一些樂觀的新聞，與新冠病毒息息相關。

A number of studies are looking into our immune system's response to the disease.

許多研究都在調查我們的免疫系統對疾病的反應。

Several of these studies are in their early stages and haven't been reviewed yet.

這些研究中有幾個還在早期階段，還沒有被審查。

But they're giving some encouragement that our bodies are learning to detect coronavirus and work to keep people who've been infected from getting sick again.

但它們鼓勵了我們，顯示我們的身體正在學著偵測新冠病毒，並有效預防確診過的人再次染病。

A couple of these studies looked at T cells, important parts of our immune system that can attack and kill cells that are infected.

其中有幾項是針對 T 細胞的研究，T 細胞是我們免疫系統中的重要部分，可以攻擊和殺死被感染的細胞。

One study of blood samples found that between 20 and 50 percent of Americans in some places may have T cells that recognize coronavirus (COVID-19), even if they've never been diagnosed with it.

其中一項對血液樣本的研究發現，在一些地方有 20% 到 50% 的美國人可能有辨識出新冠病毒的 T 細胞，即使他們從未確診過新冠肺炎。

It might be a response to other coronaviruses that we've caught like the common cold.

這可能是我們感染其他冠狀病毒的反應，例如一般感冒。

They also don't know if recognizing COVID-19 means the cells are good at fighting it, but they're optimistic about the findings.

科學家也不知道辨識出 COVID-19 是否代表細胞善於對抗它，但他們對這些發現感到樂觀。

Another study looked at the antibodies produced in response to, and protection against coronavirus (COVID-19).

另一項研究探討的是對新冠病毒的反應和防護所產生的抗體。

It found that our antibodies may be good at fighting a recurrence of the disease for at least four months after people first become infected.

研究發現，在首次感染後至少四個月，我們的抗體可能可以對抗疾病的復發。

There've been a number of cases of people testing positive for COVID-19 more than once.

在許多案例中，有人的新冠肺炎檢測不只一次呈現陽性。

But researchers say they haven't seen huge numbers of reinfection, even though the virus is widespread.

但研究人員表示，雖然病毒廣泛傳播，但尚未看到大量的再次感染數。

So this suggests the body's immune system is working to protect us from catching it multiple times.

所以這代表身體的免疫系統正努力保護我們，避免我們受到多次感染。

Scientists say time will tell when it comes to coronavirus (COVID-19) immunity.

科學家表示，談到新冠病毒的免疫力，時間會證明一切。

What kind of bird is unable to fold its wings?

The penguin's wings are more like flippers that help it swim through the water but they don't fold.

企鵝的翅膀更像是鰭，幫助牠們在水中游泳，但是牠們的翅膀不能折疊。

New research has yielded a new theory about penguins.

新的研究得出了關於企鵝的新理論。

For years, scientists have said the animals originated in Antarctica.

多年來，科學家們一直說企鵝起源於南極。

Researchers at the University of California Berkeley say penguins first came on the scene in Australia and New Zealand.

柏克萊加州大學的研究人員表示，企鵝最早出現在澳洲和紐西蘭。

Scientists teamed up with international museums and universities to look at blood and tissue samples from 18 different penguin species.

科學家們與國際博物館和各個大學合作，研究 18 種不同企鵝的血液和組織樣本。

From this, they suggested that the ancestors of modern-day penguins first occupied temperate environments, which can have warm summers in addition to cold winters.

根據這個研究，他們提出現代企鵝的祖先一開始先佔領了除了冬天寒冷，夏天還要溫暖的溫和環境。

The research proposed that the predecessors of today's king and emperor penguins split off from the rest in pursuit of the abundant food supply of Antarctic waters.

研究指出，現代國王和皇帝企鵝的祖先為了追求南極水域豐富的食物供應，所以從其他企鵝中分離出來。

Today, different species of penguins can be found in very different environments, from the frigid polar landscape of Antarctica to the tropical region of the Galapagos Islands.

如今，無論是在南極嚴寒的極地，還是加拉巴哥群島的熱帶地區，在非常不同的環境中可以找到不同種類的企鵝。

And the study says how they got to such different places is still controversial.

研究顯示，企鵝的生存環境如此不同的原因仍然存有爭議。

We know a lot of you who usually watch this show on campus are now watching at home online, just a small part of how your lives have dramatically changed in this pandemic.

我們知道許多通常在校園中看這個節目的人，現在都在家裡上網觀看，這只是在這次疫情中，你們生活巨大改變中的一小部分。

Universities and colleges have a unique challenge in this, too.

大學在這部分也面對特殊的挑戰。

They still have to pay professors, maintain buildings, run programs, but tuition may not currently include the full college experience.

他們還是需要付薪水給教授、維修學校大樓和執行計畫，但是學費目前可能還不包括所有的大學體驗。

So we kind of find out on their website, on their Frequently Asked Questions, it said, will we be getting a refund?

所以我們在學校網站上的常見問題中找到的問題是：我們會得到退款嗎？

When Shreya Patel launched her petition to lower tuition fees at Rutgers University in July, the New Jersey University had just announced that most of its fall classes would be conducted online.

當 Shreya Patel 在七月發起降低羅格斯大學學費的請願時，該大學剛剛宣佈大部分的秋季課程將在線上進行。

It just doesn't make sense to be paying such a high amount for something that's not being, you know, used to the full advantage.

付如此高昂的錢在未被充分利用的事物上，一點都不合理。

Nearly 31,000 signatures later, she's created a movement for other frustrated students like Janani Subramanian.

蒐集近 31,000 個簽名後，她為其他氣餒的學生例如 Jenny Subramanian ，開創了一項運動。

So I think the biggest thing is a lack of transparency.

我認為最大的問題是缺乏透明度。

The pressure from nearly half of the student body ultimately led the school to cut campus fees for the semester by 15 percent.

在來自近半數學生的壓力下，學校最終降低了這學期 15% 的學費。

Tuition reduction would be great, but there's so fees are what we are paying for.

減免學費很不錯，但是我們還是需要付錢。

And if we're not going to be here, then what's the point?

如果我們不會去學校，那還有什麼意義？

Experts like Scott Galloway, himself a university professor, believe students are right to be outraged.

本身是大學教授的專家，如 Scott Galloway，認為學生們感到憤怒是有道理的。

Universities have backed themselves into a corner, and that is, we have raised tuition, on average, 2.5 fold over the last 20 years.

各個大學已經陷入絕境，在過去的 20 年中，我們將學費平均提高了 2.5 倍。

More than 75 percent of the country's 5000 colleges and universities are expected to be partially or fully online this fall, and some are joining Rutgers and discounting fees.

美國 5,000 所大學中 75% 以上的學校，預計將在今年秋季部分或全部線上授課，有的學校跟羅格斯大學一樣，將學費打折。

Williams College is dropping tuition by 15%.

Johns Hopkins, Princeton, Georgetown, Spelman and Clark Atlanta University are cutting tuition by 10 percent, while other schools, such as USC, offered their students living at home grants for those choosing to study from home.

霍普金斯大學、普林斯頓大學、喬治城大學、斯貝爾曼學院以及克拉克亞特蘭大大學，都減少 10% 的學費，而其他學校如南加州大學，則提供在家生活的補助給選擇在家學習的學生。

Interestingly enough, some students will be in residence halls at the campus, but their courses will be online.

有趣的是，有些學生會住在學校宿舍卻進行線上課程。

But the majority of schools, from state schools like Temple University and the University of Massachusetts system, to elite private schools like Harvard and Stanford, are keeping tuition as is.

但無論是公立學校如坦普爾大學和麻州大學系統，還是精英私校如哈佛和史丹佛大學，大部分學校的學費都保持原狀。

Are you surprised that we haven't seen more offer even a small tuition reduction?

對於沒有更多的折扣，即使只是減免一點點的學費，你因為這件事而感到驚訝嗎？

I think universities have handled this about as well as they could possibly have handled it.

我認為各個大學已經盡可能將這件事處理好了。

Universities have to balance their budgets.

Terry Hartle, an advocate for higher education, says ever since COVID-19, universities have lost millions.

高等教育的倡導者 Terry Hartal 表示，自從新冠肺炎疫情開始後，大學已經損失了數百萬。

Every institution of higher education in the country has suffered losses.

美國的每個高等教育機構都遭受了損失。

Room and board, international students, the hotel, the bookstore, all of those have just largely disappeared.

食宿、國際學生、飯店、書店，這些大部分都消失了。

Experts also say higher education institutions are better equipped for online learning than K-through-12 schools, which could help drive down tuition costs.

專家還表示對於線上授課，高等教育機構比幼稚園至高中的學校設備更齊全，這有助於降低學費的成本。

It is time to lower costs and move education back to what it used to be.

是時候該降低成本，讓教育回歸至過去的狀態了。

But millions of college students, like Shreya, still feel deprived of campus life and depleted in their bank account.

但數百萬名大學生如 Shreya，仍覺得校園生活被剝奪且戶頭的錢被掏空。

I don't think the financial well-being of a billion-dollar institutions should be compared to the students who are severely struggling.

我不認為擁有數十億美元的機構，它的財務狀況可以與那些苦苦掙扎的學生相比。

College sports are another matter entirely.

Many schools still have unanswered questions about the upcoming college football season.

對於即將到來的大學橄欖球賽季，許多學校仍有問題未回覆。

New York City's Broadway theaters have been closed since March, and won't reopen again in 2020.

紐約市的百老匯劇院從三月起就已經關閉，且 2020 年不會再重新開放。

It's not just the challenge of keeping distance between audience members.

這不僅是保持觀眾之間距離的挑戰而已。

Always the idea has been that the musicians sit very close together so there is the maximum amount of contact.

我們一直以來的想法都是，音樂家們靠很近地坐在一起，才會有最大程度的交流。

The same for the audience to have this sort of intimate feeling.

這也同樣是為了讓觀眾有這種親密感。

As the performing arts attempt to safely return to concert venues around the world, much of the focus has been on distancing the audience.

表演藝術試圖安全回歸至世界各地的音樂會場，所以會將大部分的重心放在將觀眾保持距離。

But for an orchestra, distancing regulations can mean fewer musicians are allowed to take to the stage, sometimes in different layouts, and often performing to far less people.

但對樂團來說，保持距離的規定代表更少音樂家可以上臺表演，根據不同的空間設計，觀眾通常也大大減少。

When we add the distance between the players, of course, certain things change.

當我們增加演奏者之間的距離時，某些事情自然會產生變化。

[Speaking French] Yes, we're distanced and it's different because for the ensemble, put simply, for the homogeneity.

[法文] 沒錯，我們要保持距離，對於樂團，簡單來說，對於同質性來說，這感覺很不一樣。

According to the CDC, COVID-19 is thought to be a respiratory virus that mainly spreads when an infected person coughs, sneezes or even talks.

美國 CDC 認為 COVID-19 是一種呼吸道病毒，主要是當感染者咳嗽、打噴嚏或甚至是說話時傳播。

One study found that playing wind instruments might not spread as much of the person's breath as singing would.

有研究指出，吹奏管樂器可能不會像唱歌一樣，讓人的氣息擴散得那麼厲害。

But in an enclosed space like a concert hall, some preventative measures, like air conditioning or opening windows, aren't possible, and the players can't wear masks while performing.

但在封閉的空間如音樂廳裡，一些預防措施是不可行的，如空調或開窗，而演奏者也無法在表演時戴口罩。

For now, in Paris, musicians playing wind instruments are being kept two meters apart, which puts them further apart than string players.

現在，在巴黎演奏管樂器的樂手們，彼此要保持兩公尺的距離，這使得他們與弦樂手離得更遠。

Audience numbers are half what they'd normally be, with spectators deliberately kept apart.

觀眾的人數比平時少了一半，而且還被特意分開。

Live streaming has kept some musical groups connected with their audiences during lockdown, and even offers performances to those who can't get tickets.

直播讓一些樂隊在封城的期間，可以與觀眾保持聯繫，甚至為那些買不到票的觀眾提供演出。

But it does not compare to the experience of a live concert.

但直播無法與現場音樂會的感受相比。

[來一支讓你「十分」滿意的影片吧！」]

Deer Creek Reservoir in North Central Utah is a popular spot for lakeside recreation.

位於猶他州中北部的 Deer Creek 水庫是一個熱門的湖畔休閒場所。

But it was during that kind of recreation that a woman recently lost her wedding ring, which her husband had designed using her grandmother's diamond.

但就是在這樣的娛樂活動中，最近有一名女子弄丟了婚戒，婚戒是她丈夫用她奶奶的鑽石設計而成的。

She offered 100 bucks for anyone who'd look.

她開出 100 美元給找到鑽戒的人。

And the Wasatch County search and rescue team spent days and dives trying to help.

而瓦沙契縣搜救隊花了幾天時間，並潛水試著幫忙。

They found the diamond in the reservoir, but they refused the reward.

他們在水庫裡發現了鑽石，但他們拒絕接受酬金。

We're glad they were able to cut to the chase and carry it to the surface with the clarity of a mission that brings some great color to CNN 10.

我們很高興他們能夠切入正題，並以明確的任務呈現，為 CNN 10 增添一些色彩。

I'm Carl Azuz and this show goes out to Grand Island Senior High School in Grand Island, Nebraska.

我是 Carl Azuz，本集節目是與內布拉斯加州的格蘭德島高中一起進行的。