Name: 為什麼貧富差距越來越大？ (Why The Inequality Gap Is Growing Between Rich And Poor)
Uploaded: 2021-01-14T11:23:00.000Z
Duration: 8 min 7 s

led global economy has produced an enormous

在全球經濟主導下，產生了巨大的

Since 1981, the proportion of the world's

自 1981 年以來，世界人口的比例在不斷上升。

population living in extreme poverty on less than

per day has fallen from 42 percent ,to 10 percent.

But in countries with advanced economies,

inequality of income and wealth has surged.

And nowhere has it surged more than in the U.S.

where reliance on free market forces has been

strongest. That magnifies rewards for those at

The trend helps those with higher levels of

教育，傷害了受教育程度較低的人。

It lifts residents of major cities while leaving

它在提升大城市居民生活水準的同時

For growing numbers of Americans it's just harder

對越來越多的美國人來說，這只是更難了

後果是什麼？以下是五個原因。

The digital revolution creates enormous wealth for

those with the skills and preparation to take

advantage. But it eliminates what economists call

優勢。但它消除了經濟學家所說的

Computer software and industrial machines now

fill roles from clerical tasks to routine

manufacturing that once produced middle class

incomes for workers without college degrees.

One of those forces is technological progress that

has increased the value of an abstract problem

Things that highly educated workers tend to be

very capable of and has simultaneously devalued a

lot of cognitively intensive but repetitive tasks

in offices and production lines and so kind of

hollowed out the set of job activities available

to non-college workers and sort of pushed them

arguably downward into personal services, food

services, cleaning, security, transportation,

interchangeable with other workers and where

there is less of a return to experience over the

And so that has contributed downward pressure and

wage pressure and economic insecurity for the

So it's really kind of created a great world for

the highly educated and a much less economically

教育程度高的人和經濟地位低得多的人

secure and inviting world for people who don't

Competition from emerging economies like China's

combined with reduced trade barriers have further

reduced prospects for workers without advanced

沒有高級技能的工人的前景黯淡

skills. That's had devastating consequences in

技能。這在以下方面造成了破壞性後果

sectors such as textiles and furniture and

The biggest economic story of really of the

century and certainly of the last 50 years has

一個世紀，當然還有過去的 50 年

China going from a poor and backward country in

perpetual political and economic crisis to a

frontier manufacturer with pretty well-educated,

highly available skilled labor using modern

technology. So China marched up the productivity

technology frontier between 1980 and the present

at a rate almost unseen in history and because it

幾乎達到了歷史上從未有過的速度，因為它

was so vast, because it had so many people, so

它是如此廣闊，因為它有如此多的人，如此

many resources, so much land, it could become you

這麼多的資源，這麼多的土地，它可以成為你

know a manufacturer for now at this point more

than 20 percent of all world manufacturing value

又補充了一句。這不僅僅是一種功能。

The decision to allow free mobility of labour to

adopt Western technology and foreign direct

investment and to start trading with the world.

And that had a big effect on United States even

這對美國產生了很大影響，甚至

But when China joined in 2001 that further opened

但是，2001 年中國加入後，進一步開放了

And that had a dramatic accelerant effect on the

rate at which competition entered the U.S.

而美國的衰退速度也在不斷加快。

manufacturing employment as a result of that.

Over the course of just seven years about 20

And then they fell it fell by another cumulative

然後，他們又以另一種累積的方式倒下了

eleven percentage points during the Great

在 "大革命 "期間，這一數字增長了 11 個百分點。

經濟衰退。是以，實際上三分之一的

manufacturing jobs no longer existed that had

Breakthrough firms such as Apple and Amazon now

蘋果和亞馬遜等突破性企業現在

attract revenue across the world, which produces

吸引世界各地的收入，從而產生

immense jackpots for the executives who lead

them. And for the American cities they call home.

他們。還有他們稱之為家的美國城市。

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為什麼貧富差距越來越大？ (Why The Inequality Gap Is Growing Between Rich And Poor)

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