Welcome back to www.engvid.com. I'm Adam.

歡迎回到www.engvid.com。我是亞當。

In today's video we're going to learn non-English words.

在今天的視頻中，我們要學習非英語單詞。

You're thinking surprised because this is an English video lesson, it's supposed to

你會覺得驚訝，因為這是一節英語視頻課，應該是

be about English, but in English we tend to borrow a lot of words from other languages.

是關於英語的，但在英語中，我們往往會借用很多其他語言的詞彙。

We keep them as they are, we even keep their meanings more or less, but we like to apply

我們保留它們的原貌，甚至多少保留它們的含義，但我們喜歡應用於

them to many areas.

他們到許多地區。

So there's a lot of words.

所以有很多話。

These are just a...

這些只是一個...

This is just a sample of the foreign words that we use regularly in English.

這只是我們在英語中經常使用的外語單詞的一個例子。

Some of them have been changed to apply to other things besides the original meaning

有的除了原意外，還改成了適用於其他事物的意思。

of the word.

的話。

So...

所以...

Excuse me.

對不起，請原諒

First, let's start with the actual words: "tsunami", this is Japanese.

首先，讓我們從實際的詞語開始。"海嘯"，這是日語。

"Gung ho" is Chinese.

"貢豪 "是中國人。

"Pro bono", Latin.

"公益"，拉丁語。

"Quid pro quo", also Latin.

"Quid pro quo"，也是拉丁語。

"Prima donna", Italian.

"Prima Donna"，意大利語。

"Je ne sais qua", French.

"Je ne sais qua"，法語。

"Déjà vu", French.

"似曾相識"，法語。

"Faux pas", French.

"Faux pas"，法語。

"Du jour", French.

"Du jour, French.

"Kaput", German.

"Kaput"，德語。

And "guru" is actually Sanskrit.

而 "大師 "其實是梵文。

Okay.

好吧，我知道了

So, first I'm going to explain to you what the words mean, where they came from, and

所以，首先我要給大家解釋一下這幾個字的意思，它們的來歷，以及。

what they mean originally, and then how we use them in English.

它們的本意是什麼，然後我們如何在英語中使用它們。

So we'll start with "tsunami".

所以我們就從 "海嘯 "開始。

"Tsunami" basically means harbour wave.

"海嘯 "基本上是指港浪。

So, in Japan after an earthquake, sometimes...

所以，在日本地震後，有時... ...

They have a lot of earthquakes, but sometimes they get a tsunami.

他們經常發生地震，但有時也會發生海嘯。

It's basically a big wave.

基本上是大浪淘沙。

So the ocean after the earthquake sends a big wave and it covers the land.

所以，地震後的海面發出大浪，它覆蓋了陸地。

There was a big one a few years ago, a lot of damage.

幾年前有個大的，損失很大。

But we use this, again, to mean the same thing.

但我們用這個，又是同一個意思。

Whenever there's a tsunami, whenever there's a big wave after an earthquake, but we also

每當有海嘯的時候，每當有地震後的大浪的時候，但我們還

use it to talk about anything that's large and sudden.

用它來談論任何大而突然的事情。

So, for example, the whole world is facing a refuge situation now.

所以，比如說，現在全世界都面臨著難民的情況。

A lot of people from...

很多人從...

Moving from all parts of the world to other parts of the world, and the countries that

從世界各地遷往世界其他地方，而這些國家。

are receiving these refuges, they are facing a tsunami of refuges.

正在接受這些難民，他們正面臨著難民的海嘯。

So it's like a big wave of people.

所以就像一大波人。

Okay?

好嗎？

So whenever you have a big, sudden, wave or whatever, a big, sudden situation or a big,

所以，每當你遇到大的、突發的、浪潮什麼的，大的、突發的情況或者大的。

sudden change coming at you, you can call...

天有不測風雲，人有旦夕禍福。

You can refer to it like a tsunami.

你可以像海嘯一樣參考它。

Okay?

好嗎？

"Gung ho".

"Gung ho."

So, "gung ho" basically means very enthusiastic.

所以，"庚子 "基本上就是非常熱情的意思。

In Chinese it means basically part of a team or teamwork, but in...

在中文中它的意思基本上是指團隊的一部分或團隊合作，但在...

The way we use it in English, if we say: "That person is really gung ho",

我們在英語中的用法是，如果我們說："那個人真的很厲害"。

it means he's really enthusiastic, really eager, really wants to work hard.

意思是他真的很熱情，真的很急切，真的很想努力工作。

So, if I work at a company and a new employee comes in...

那麼，如果我在一家公司工作，一個新員工進來... ...

And I've been at this company a long time, you know, I'm settled, everything, I do my

我已經在這家公司呆了很久了，你知道，我已經安頓好了，所有的事情，我都會做。

work, I go home.

工作，我回家。

But this guy comes in and he's so gung ho that everybody's a little bit worried because

但這個人進來後，他的表現讓大家有點擔心，因為...

he's making us look bad.

他讓我們看起來很糟糕。

He's too gung ho.

他太耿直了。

He's too energetic, too enthusiastic.

他太有活力了，太熱情了。

It's a...

這是一個...

So it's a very good word for that.

所以這是一個非常好的詞。

Anytime you're ready to do something, you can do it gung ho or you can do it casual.

任何時候，你準備做一件事，你可以做得很庚，也可以做得很隨意。

"Pro bono", basically this means free.

"公益"，基本上就是免費的意思。

So I'm going to actually write this because these are a little bit long to write.

所以我要真正的寫這個，因為這些寫起來有點長。

Free.

免費的。

If... So, you see a lot of doctors.

如果...所以，你看了很多醫生。

A lot of doctors or lawyers when they start their business or when they're very successful

很多醫生或者律師在創業的時候或者非常成功的時候

and they can afford it, they do a lot of pro bono work.

而且他們能負擔得起，他們做了很多公益性的工作。

Means they'll go provide legal advice to somebody who can't afford it,

意思是他們會去給一些沒錢的人提供法律諮詢。

or they'll do medical assistance to people who can't afford it.

或者他們會對無力支付的人進行醫療救助。

For example, they'll go around the world to poor countries and they'll help children especially

比如，他們會去世界各地的貧困國家，他們會幫助孩子們，尤其是...

with medical situations, etc.

與醫療情況等。

So anything...

所以任何事情...

Anytime somebody does something for free, like but professional, like work and they

任何時候，有人做一些免費的東西， 喜歡但專業，喜歡的工作，而且他們。

do it for free, it's pro bono work.

免費做，這是公益性的工作。

"Quid pro quo", something for something.

"等價交換"，以物換物。

We also have an idiom: "If you scratch my back, I'll scratch yours."

我們還有一個成語："你抓我的背，我抓你的頭"

Okay? It means: You do something for me, I'll do something for you.

好嗎？意思是：你為我做一件事，我就為你做一件事。

But when we exchange favours...

但當我們交換人情時...

For example, if I do something, some professional work for you because I'm a lawyer, I will

例如，如果我為你做一些事情，一些專業的工作，因為我是一個律師，我會。

give you some legal advice; you're a designer, you will design my website.

給你一些法律建議；你是設計師，你來設計我的網站。

I don't pay you money, I pay you with legal service; you pay me with your design work.

我不給你錢，我用法律服務給你錢，你用你的設計作品給我錢。

Quid pro quo.

交換條件。

I do something for you, you do something for me.

我為你做一些事情，你為我做一些事情。

And this is also a very common expression.

而這也是一種很常見的說法。

Okay, so now we're going to move to the Italian: "prima donna".

好了，所以現在我們要轉移到意大利語："Prima Donna"。

Now, "prima" means first, "donna" means lady, so it's the first lady.

"prima "是第一的意思 "donna "是女士的意思 所以是第一夫人的意思

So when we speak about the opera, the lead female singer is the prima donna, but we mean

所以我們講戲曲的時候，女主角是驍勇善戰的，但我們的意思是說

it as a woman or a person...

它作為一個女人或一個人... ...

Doesn't have to be a woman.

不一定非得是個女人。

It could be a man who's a prima donna.

可能是一個驍勇善戰的男人。

But it's somebody who's very temperamental.

但這是一個非常喜怒無常的人。

So let me write that for you.

所以讓我給你寫。

Someone who's temperamental is very moody, changes his mood or her mood all the time,

一個喜怒無常的人是非常情緒化的，一直在改變自己的情緒或心情。

always making demands that are...

總是提出一些...

Can't really be met.

無法真正滿足。

Very...

非常...

Somebody you don't really want to spend too much time with because they're a little bit

有人你真的不希望花太多的時間 與，因為他們是一個有點

over-demanding and never satisfied.

要求過高，永不滿足。

You might be more familiar with this word: a "diva".

你可能更熟悉這個詞："天后"。

"Prima donna", "diva", they're pretty much synonymous.

"Prima Donna"，"diva"，他們幾乎是同義詞。

But let's put it this way: When we call somebody a prima donna it's not necessarily a good thing.

但我們這麼說吧當我們稱某人為驍勇善戰者時 這不一定是好事。

A prima donna is somebody who always complains, and is never satisfied, and thinks he or she

驍勇善戰的人是指那些總是抱怨，永遠不滿足，自以為是的人。

deserves more than they get.

應得的比他們得到的更多。

Okay? So that's prima donna.

好嗎？所以，這是首要的唐娜。

Moving on to the French.

接著說說法國人。

"Je ne sais qua" means I don't know what.

"Je ne sais qua "的意思是我不知道什麼。

So when we're talking about something that's really, really good, and somebody asks us

所以，當我們談論的東西 這是真的，真的很好，有人問我們

to explain why it's really good, and, you know, they're just...

解釋為什麼它真的很好， 而且，你知道，他們只是... ...

There's just something there.

只是有些東西在那裡。

You can't really point to it, you can't identify it because it's a mystery, but it's there.

你無法真正指向它，你無法識別它，因為它是個謎，但它就在那裡。

So we say: "Well, I don't know. It has a certain je ne sais qua."

所以我們說"嗯，我不知道。它有一定的je ne sais qua。"

Or so you talk about an actress or an actor, or a person, any person, or you talk about

或者你說一個演員或者一個演員，或者一個人，任何一個人，或者你說的是

a food or a fashion, or an art.

一種食物或一種時尚，或一種藝術。

You know it's good, but you don't know why.

你知道這很好，但你不知道為什麼。

There's just a certain mysterious element, a certain je ne sais qua.

只是有一定的神祕元素，有一定的 je ne sais qua。

We often use that word: "certain", actually.

我們經常用這個詞："一定"，其實。

"A certain je ne sais qua".

"有些我不知道。"

Okay?

好嗎？

"Déjà vu".

"似曾相識。

"Déjà vu" is that feeling when you've already been somewhere or you've already done

"似曾相識 "是一種感覺，當你已經去過某個地方，或者你已經做了。

something, or you've already seen something exactly like you're seeing it now.

或者你已經看到了和你現在看到的一模一樣的東西。

So you're in a situation and you walk into a room, for example, and you're like:

所以，你在一個情況下，你走進一個房間，例如，你喜歡。

"Oh my god, I feel like I've been here before."

"天啊，我感覺自己好像來過這裡。"

Do you know what I mean?

你知道我的意思嗎？

Like it's so familiar, even though you've never been there, but it looks so familiar

好像很熟悉的樣子，雖然沒去過，但看起來很熟悉的樣子

it's like déjà vu.

這就像似曾相識。

Like in another life you've experienced this already.

就像在另一個生命中，你已經經歷了這些。

Sometimes people say...

有時人們會說...

Oh, sorry.

哦，對不起。

"Déjà vu", seen already.

"似曾相識"，已經看到了。

Some people say: "Déjà vu all over again", which is a bit of redundancy.

有人說"似曾相識的感覺又來了"，這有點多餘。

It's saying the same thing twice, but people say it, just so you know.

同樣的話說兩遍，但人家說了，你就知道了。

Déjà Vu, there's a movie also with Denzel Washington.

似曾相識，還有一部電影也是丹澤爾-華盛頓拍的。

He goes back in time, and forward in time, and back in time, so he keeps living the same

他回到過去，又回到過去，再回到過去，所以他一直過著同樣的生活。

moment so it's déjà vu.

瞬間，所以它是似曾相識的。

"Faux pas".

"假步"。

"Faux pas" is basically an error.

"失誤 "基本上是一種錯誤。

Okay? But not like a mistake.

好嗎？但不像一個錯誤。

It's an error in a cultural, or a social, or an etiquette way.

這是一種文化上的錯誤，或社交上的錯誤，或禮儀上的錯誤。

Etiquette.

禮儀。

So, for example, in a certain situation you're not supposed to act in a certain way.

所以，比如說，在某種情況下，你不應該以某種方式行事。

If you're around rich people, everybody's in tuxedos and gowns...

如果你和有錢人在一起，每個人都穿著燕尾服和禮服... ...

Sorry if I touched that.

對不起，如果我碰了。

Everybody's in tuxedos and gowns, and you come wearing running shoes.

大家都穿著燕尾服和禮服，你卻穿著跑鞋來了。

That's a fashion faux pas.

這是一個時尚的失誤。

This is a very common...

這是一個很常見的...

"A fashion faux pas."

"一個時尚的失誤。"

If you...

如果你...

If you see, like, the Oscars or any awards shows, there's always going to be some sort

如果你看到，像，奧斯卡頒獎典禮或任何頒獎典禮， 總是會有一些排序

of a newspaper or a magazine, saying:

的報紙或雜誌，說：

"She made a faux pas, a fashion faux pas. Very bad."

"她犯了一個錯誤，一個時尚的錯誤。非常糟糕。"

But anyways, it's in a cultural or social situation.

但無論如何，這是在一種文化或社會情況下。

If you go to a very fancy dinner and the host serves you white wine with beef, with gravy,

如果你去參加一個很高級的晚宴，主人給你上白酒配牛肉，配肉汁。

whatever, that's a bit of a faux pas because you should have red or whatever.

不管，這有點失誤，因為你應該有紅色或什麼。

So it's commonly used, but only in certain contexts.

所以它是常用的，但只是在某些場合下使用。

"Du jour", of the day.

"都日"，當天的。

So if you go to any restaurant...

所以，如果你去任何一家餐廳... ...

Not any restaurant, but many good restaurants will have a soup du jour.

不是任何一家餐廳，但很多好的餐廳都會有一道湯。

It means soup of the day.

意思是今天的湯。

Today's soup, every day is different.

今天的湯，每天都不一樣。

But we also use this in other contexts, for example, you have a guy who every week or

但我們也會在其他情況下使用，例如，你有一個人，每星期或

every month you see him with a new girlfriend.

每個月你都會看到他有新的女朋友。

So you make a joke: "So who's the girlfriend du jour?

於是你開了個玩笑："那誰是當下的女朋友？

Who's today's girlfriend?" because always changes.

今天的女朋友是誰？"因為總是在變。

We can say that with pretty much anything that changes regularly.

我們可以說，幾乎所有經常變化的東西都是如此。

"What is the ________ du jour?"

"當日的_______是什麼？"

Okay?

好嗎？

The German "kaput".

德國人的 "kaput"。

"Kaput" comes from a card game, and the "kaput" means the loser, but now we basically use

"卡普特 "來自於一種紙牌遊戲，"卡普特 "的意思是輸家，但現在我們基本都用

it to mean broken or something that's not working.

它的意思是壞了或不能工作的東西。

So, for example, I have a fridge and it's broken down before but I fixed it, and it's

所以，比如說，我有一臺冰箱，它以前壞過，但我把它修好了，它的

broken and I fixed it.

壞了，我把它修好了。

And it's broken again and I go to fix it, but that's it, I can't fix it anymore.

而它又壞了，我去修，但就是這樣，我已經修不好了。

It's kaput.

它的Kaput。

It's finished.

它的完成。

It's done, it's never going to work again.

完了，再也不行了。

Time to throw it in the garbage, get a new fridge.

是時候把它扔進垃圾桶，換個新冰箱了。

And "guru".

還有 "大師"。

So originally a "guru" was a spiritual guide.

所以，原本 "大師 "是一種精神指導。

He would help you along your spiritual journey, especially in Hinduism and in Buddhism, etc.

他將會在你的精神旅程中幫助你，尤其是在印度教和佛教等方面。

But today we use this word to mean expert or somebody who's very good at something.

但今天，我們用這個詞來表示專家或非常擅長某事的人。

So this person you should listen to.

所以這個人你應該聽。

He or she can be your teacher.

他或她可以成為你的老師。

And also...

還有...

It used to be only men, now anybody can be a guru.

以前只有男人，現在誰都可以成為大師。

So if you go online you'll always see on the internet, the internet is full of gurus.

所以如果你上網的話，你總會在網絡上看到，網絡上有很多大師。

They'll teach you how to make money, they'll teach you how to be successful, they'll teach

他們會教你如何賺錢，他們會教你如何成功，他們會教給你

you how to get noticed, they'll teach you how to start your business.

你如何得到關注，他們會教你如何創業。

They are gurus.

他們是大師。

Financial gurus, marketing gurus.

金融大師、營銷大師。

They know everything, you should listen to them.

他們什麼都知道，你應該聽他們的。

Okay, anybody can be a guru.

好吧，任何人都可以成為大師。

Don't necessarily trust somebody just because they call themselves a guru.

不要因為某人自稱大師就一定要相信他。

Anyways, so these are the words you need to know.

無論如何，所以這些詞你需要知道。

Even if you know them in your own language, if you're a French speaker and obviously you

即使你知道他們在你自己的語言， 如果你是一個法國人，很明顯，你...

know these words, keep in mind that they might be used in slightly different contexts in English.

瞭解這些單詞，請記住它們在英語中的使用場合可能略有不同。

But they have...

但他們有...

They have become part of the English language.

它們已經成為英語語言的一部分。

So, if you like this lesson, I hope you did.

所以，如果你喜歡這節課，希望你喜歡。

If you like it and everything's clear, please subscribe to my YouTube channel.

如果你喜歡它，一切都很清楚，請訂閱我的YouTube頻道。

If you have any questions, please go to www.engvid.com and ask all the questions you have there.

如果你有什麼問題，請到www.engvid.com，在那裡提出你的所有問題。

There's also a quiz to make sure you understand the meanings of these words and expressions.

還有一個測驗，以確保你理解這些單詞和表達的含義。

And, of course, come back again and see more great videos from all of us and see you again soon.

當然，還可以再來看看我們大家更多的精彩視頻，很快就會再見。

Bye-bye.

掰掰