Name: 【CNN10】疫苗會扭轉新冠肺炎疫情的局勢嗎？(Will A Vaccine Turn The Tide? | July 30, 2020)
Uploaded: 2020-08-31T21:01:30.000Z
Duration: 10 min 1 s

Will a vaccine turn the tide in the international fight against the coronavirus?

疫苗會扭轉全球對抗新冠肺炎疫情的局勢嗎？

And will people get the shot when it becomes available?

在可用的疫苗發明後，民眾會接種嗎？

I'm Carl Azuz, and those are two of the questions we're exploring today on CNN 10.

我是 Carl Azuz，以上是我們要在今天 CNN 10 討論的兩個問題。

Since coronavirus started spreading around the world in early January, scientists have been trying to find a way to stop it.

新冠病毒從一月初開始傳播至全球，科學家一直試著找出方法阻止病毒。

Some existing medicines have shown promise in treating patients, and researchers are racing to develop new vaccines to try to prevent people from catching COVID-19.

有一些現存的藥物顯示有希望可以治療病人，而研究員也急著研發新疫苗，預防大眾感染新冠病毒。

There are now more than 100 vaccines being researched worldwide.

世界各地現在有超過 100 種疫苗正在研發中。

And in less than two weeks, the nation of Russia plans to approve the world's first coronavirus vaccine.

俄羅斯計畫在兩週內核准全世界第一支疫苗。

It wants to start mass producing two of them in September and October.

俄羅斯想要在九月和十月大量製造兩劑疫苗。

A Russian officials says the country's focus wasn't on being the first, but on protecting people.

俄羅斯官方表示，他們的目的不是為了當第一，而是為了保護民眾。

There are concerns, though, about the drug's safety and effectiveness, and whether Russia has carried out enough testing on people.

但是仍有對藥物的安全、效用以及俄羅斯是否在人體上執行足夠測試的疑慮。

Safety and effectiveness are concerns about any vaccines.

安全和效用是人們對任何疫苗都會有的疑慮。

What's unique about the ones being tested for coronavirus is how fast they're being developed.

特別的是，對於新冠病毒疫苗的疑慮則是研發的速度。

Doctors say it takes several years from a common vaccine to go from development to when you can get a shot in a doctor's office.

醫生表示，一般的疫苗從研發到可以在醫院施打，需要花上幾年的時間。

But researchers are trying to make this happen for a coronavirus injection within a matter of months.

但是研究員試著要讓新冠病毒的注射劑在幾個月內實現整個流程。

When it comes to the flu vaccine, scientists say it's our best protection against seasonal influenza.

科學家表示，流感疫苗是預防季節流感的最佳防護措施。

The U.S. Centers for Disease Control estimates it's between 40 and 60 percent effective at preventing doctor visits for the flu.

美國疾病管制中心估計，流感疫苗有效防止 40-60% 的人因為流感而就醫。

And that's in a year when the shot is a good match for the viruses that are going around.

而那是一年中，疫苗抵抗流行病毒的最佳時刻。

It's hard to say at this point what kind of lasting protection a coronavirus vaccine might provide.

在這種時刻，不確定新冠病毒疫苗可以提供哪些持續性的防護。

Still, developing one is an international priority.

儘管如此，研發出疫苗還是全球的首要之務。

It's what millions of us have been hanging our hopes on, to get past this crushing pandemic, to return to work, to school, to go back to our favorite restaurants, to workout at the gym.

數百萬人將希望放在疫苗上，期望可以藉此度過這次嚴重的疫情，並回歸職場和學校、去喜愛的餐廳吃飯，以及在健身房運動。

A deployable vaccine for coronavirus, which experts say could arrive late this year or early next.

專家表示，有效對抗新冠病毒的疫苗，可能會在今年底或明年初發行。

But experts are now worried that when it comes, many Americans will reject the vaccine.

但專家現在擔心的是，當疫苗研發後，許多美國人可能會拒絕施打。

Already, surveys are showing us that nearly half of people are not inclined to take a COVID-19 vaccine, even if it was available today.

調查已經顯示，即使在今天研發出新冠病毒的疫苗，有將近一半的人仍傾向不接種。

That's a shocking number, and it's deeply concerning.

In May, one poll from The Associated Press and the NORC Center for Public Affairs Research showed only about half of Americans said they'd get the vaccine.

美聯社公共事務研究中心在五月做的民調顯示，只有將近一半的美國人表示可能會接種疫苗。

Other polls from CNN and The Washington Post and ABC News showed about two thirds of Americans said they would get the vaccine.

來自 CNN、華盛頓郵報和 ABC News 的其他民調顯示，大約 2/3 的美國人表示，他們可能會接種疫苗。

Still, experts are worried about any significant numbers of people rejecting the vaccine.

儘管如此，專家擔憂可能會有大量拒絕施打疫苗的民眾。

If a large percentage chose not to get vaccinated, then we would never get herd immunity.

如果大比例的人選擇不接種疫苗，那麼我們永遠不會獲得群體免疫。

Experts say there are several reasons that people don't trust a potential coronavirus vaccine.

專家表示，有許多原因讓民眾不信任潛在的新冠病毒疫苗。

A lot of people are going to resist the very idea of getting it, because they've been told for months, years now not to trust experts.

許多人會拒絕接種疫苗這個想法，是因為在多個月及多年以來，他們被告知不要相信專家。

Experts say, the very name of the project to push the vaccine through fuels skepticism.

專家表示，推行疫苗通過的計畫名稱加劇了人們懷疑的態度。

I think when people hear the term "warp speed," they assume that steps are being skipped.

我認為當民眾聽到「急速研發」這個詞，就斷定許多步驟被跳過了。

They assume that there are corners that are being cut.

And therefore, this may be a vaccine--because it's being made so quickly--it's less than optimal.

因此，研發出的也許是支疫苗，但因為製造過程太快，它稱不上最佳的疫苗。

It may have poor safety qualities or effectiveness qualities.

它可能會有糟糕的安全或效用品質。

Doctors acknowledge the vaccine likely won't be a magic bullet for coronavirus, that even after it comes out, it could be several months before we know how effective it is.

醫生們認為即使疫苗發行後，也可能不會是新冠病毒的靈藥，而且要花上個月的時間才會知道疫苗的效用。

But they have a simple, stark message for those who are rejecting it.

但是醫生們也有一個簡單明瞭的訊息，要給那些拒絕施打疫苗的人。

The choice not to get a vaccine is a choice to take the real and very serious risk of being infected by this virus and being asked to suffer and/or to be hospitalized or die from this virus.

選擇不接種疫苗，也就是選擇冒著被病毒感染、遭受病痛，以及住院或是死亡等真實且嚴重的風險。

Dr. Paul Offit says a crucial part of this vaccine program is for the president, the task force, any leaders involved in this to be as transparent as possible with the public about the vaccine even before it rolls out.

Paul Offit 醫生表示這項疫苗計劃的關鍵是，即使在疫苗推出前，總統、專案小組，以及任何與這項計畫相關的領導人，都要盡可能地公開透明。

And that means being honest with Americans about what our leaders know and don't know about the vaccine every step of the way.

這代表著在計劃的每一階段，計劃領導人們都要對美國人坦誠地說出他們知道與不知道的事。

Which of these terms comes from a French word meaning "to watch over"?

下列哪一個字來自法文，意思是「監視」？

Guard、Assess、Surveil、Preside，四個字中的哪一個呢？

Surveil from surveillance has origins in an early 19th century French term.

surveil 這個字是源自於 19 世紀的法文 surveillance 。

Okay, next report today has to do with the issue of contact tracing.

今天的下一則報導是有關追蹤感染源。

This is a way of trying to figure out how a disease spreads by tracking the people who've come down with it.

這是藉由追蹤染病的人，找出疾病傳播的方式。

Where did they go before they were diagnosed?

This is increasingly being used to follow the spread of COVID-19, but it is controversial.

越來越多國家利用這種方式追蹤新冠病毒的傳播途徑，但是這方法也飽受爭議。

On one hand, contact tracing could potentially alert you if you've been around someone who had coronavirus and maybe help keep you from unknowingly spreading it.

一方面，如果你曾經在染疫者的周圍，這方式可能會使你警戒，讓你不會在不知情的情況下傳播病毒。

Critics say it could keep track of information that people expect to be kept private, like when they're at work, when they're at home, where they travel.

評論家表示這項方式可以紀錄民眾希望可以保密的資訊，例如他們的工作時間、在家的時間，以及旅遊在外的期間。

Some of these pros and cons are playing out in the workplace, as Coronavirus surveillance methods appear there.

當新冠病毒的監視方法出現在工作場所時，這些優缺點也會隨之發生。

COVID-19 has drastically changed how we think about the workplace.

新冠病毒徹底改變了我們對工作場所的想法。

For employers, bringing employees safely back into the office is no easy feat.

對雇主來說，讓員工平安無事地回歸辦公室並非易事。

But some companies say tracking employees' location using AI could help with social distancing and contact tracing.

但有些公司表示，利用 AI 追蹤員工的位置可以幫助社交距離的政策和接觸者追蹤的措施。

One of those companies is Cameo, which builds image detection software for existing surveillance cameras.

Cameo 為其中一家公司，它在現存的監視器上建立影像辨識軟體。

What you need for a camera is to be able to understand where people are in the three-dimensional space, even though it's just a 2D image.

攝影機的目的就是為了知道人們在立體空間中的所在位置，即使得到的只是張平面的圖片。

Cameo says its software can track both how close employees get to one another, and if they're wearing a mask.

Cameo 公司表示，它的軟體可以追蹤員工之間的距離，以及員工是否有戴口罩。

Other companies, like Estimote, are trying to do something similar, but with wearable technology.

其他公司也在試著做類似的事如 Estimote 公司，只不過它是利用可穿戴的科技。

Location tracking, as far as understanding where you are, there's where you are in terms of your specific location, and then there's where are the devices or how are they communicating with each other.

追蹤位置也就是知道你在哪裡，根據特定位置定位出你在哪，或是利用裝置所在的位置，以及裝置之間的反應。

When an employee wearing one of Estimote's devices gets too close to another employee's device, the two wearables ping each other over an LTE signal.

當戴著 Estimote 裝置的員工們太靠近彼此時，兩人的穿戴式裝置會透過 LTE 信號發出聲響。

That interaction is recorded on a map that an employer is able to track.

這個互動會紀錄在雇主可以追蹤的地圖上。

Both companies say the goal of this technology isn't to single out individual employees on the spot, rather, it's meant to optimize the work space for safety purposes.

兩家公司都表示，這項科技的目的不是為了單獨挑出在現場的員工，而是為了優化工作場所的安全。

You can see, oh, we have a problem as people are transitioning at shifts at 8 a.m., so let's make sure that we put cones out with tape markers on the floor.

你可以得知，當員工在八點交接班時可能會產生接觸，所以要確認在地上放置角錐並貼上膠帶記號。

Or sometimes even people put hallway monitors for the period that people are changing shifts or they stagger shifts.

有時候人們會在交接班時裝設走廊裝監視器或是將班表錯開。

So, it's meant to be a management tool to tell you where your problems are and where you need to make changes.

所以這項科技被認為是個管理工具，可以告訴你問題在哪裡，以及需要在哪些地方做改變。

Another survey by Macworld magazine says one out of five companies have checked employee computer files, voice, or electronic mail.

另一個由 Macworld 雜誌做的調查指出，1/5 的公司檢查過員工的電腦文件、音檔以及電子郵件。

Tracking employees in the workplace is nothing new.

在工作場所追蹤員工動態，可不是最近才有的事。

Companies have been legally allowed to check employees' work emails and phone calls for decades.

數十年前開始，法律就已允許公司檢查員工的工作郵件和電話。

But privacy experts worried tracking employees' physical locations with this kind of technology isn't the best solution for a post-COVID-19 workplace.

但是隱私專家擔心，利用這類的科技追蹤員工的所在位置，並不是對後疫情時期的工作場所最佳的措施。

You can't blame an employer for being concerned about social distancing.

我們無法責怪雇主擔憂社交距離的政策。

But having wall-to-wall video cameras is a terrible answer.

但是裝設無所不在的攝影機可不是好的應對措施。

It's not anonymous, but the employer can't do anything about two employees not social distancing unless it knows who they are.

這不是匿名的，除非雇主知道員工的身份，不然就無法對違反社交距離的員工作出處置。

Estimote and Cameo, though, insist that their tracking technologies keep employees' data private.

但是 Estimote 和 Cameo 公司堅稱他們的追蹤科技會保密員工的資料。

And that ultimately, it's up to the employers to ensure that the technology isn't abused.

最終，一切取決於雇主確保這項科技不會被濫用。

We don't collect information about a user other than maybe something the company gives us to make a context connection to the device, so, that could just be like an employee ID.

我們不會搜集使用者的資訊，除非公司給我們一些可以連結裝置的背景資訊，例如類似員工 ID 的東西。

And from our perspective, we have no idea what or who that is.

從我們的角度來說，我們根本不知道這些資訊是什麼或是使用者是誰。

The person that looks at the video if they recognize you, just like they would review any other security video, then yes, there's that way that you can recognize.

看影片的人如果認出你，這就像是觀看任何其他的保全影片一樣，沒錯，你有可能被認出。

But in the data itself, there's no personally identifiable information.

但是就數據資料而言，沒有可辨識個人的資料。

Still, privacy advocates argue that the employees themselves could be just as effective rather than monitoring them with this kind of technology.

儘管如此，隱私提倡者認為員工自己就可以有效保持距離，不需要以這類的科技監督他們。

It's just this reflexive habit of American employers that assume they've gotta come down from the top with monitoring control instead of working with the employees to solve the problem.

就是這種本能的習慣，使美國雇主斷定他們自己要從上層監督管控，而不是與員工一起解決問題。

[來一支讓人「十分」滿意的影片吧！]

For 10 out of 10 today, there's probably not a long list of animals you'd want to have watching you sleep.

今天的滿分影片是，你或許不會有一大串想要看著自己入睡的動物名單。

But in a venue in Belgium, that's kind of the point.

但是在比利時的一家會館，這就是重點。

It's a place where you can watch TV and a live walrus in your own living room.

是一個你可以在自己的客廳看電視和活海象的地方。

Starting at $150 a night, this hotel also features rooms with views of wolves, tigers, and bears, oh, my!

一晚要價 150 美元的這間飯店，也有房間的特色是能看見狼、老虎和熊。我的天！

So, it's kind of like camping with a window to the wild.

這就像是住在有窗戶可以看見野生動物的帳篷中。

A window that stays closed, you pray, so you're not prey if the eye of the tiger gets trained on you.

你要祈禱那是一扇永遠關著的窗戶，否則當老虎的眼神鎖定在你身上，你就要變成獵物了！

Or would you want to walrus rush out of there after a sleepless night?

還是你會在一夜無眠後拔腿就跑？