On the basis that a picture

基於一張圖片勝過千言萬語，

what I did was, I asked Bill and Melinda

我請比爾和美琳達

to dig out from their archive

從他們的文件櫃裡找出

some images that would help explain

一些能夠有助於解釋他們

some of what they've done,

所完成的事情的圖片，

and do a few things that way.

以此來做些採訪。

So, we're going to start here.

我們從這裡開始。

Melinda, when and where was this,

美琳達，這是什麽時候，在哪裡，

and who is that handsome man next to you?

以及你身邊這個帥哥是誰？

Melinda Gates: With those big glasses, huh?

美琳達·蓋茲：你是說帶著大眼鏡的那個？

This is in Africa, our very first trip,

這是在非洲，我們的第一次，

the first time either of us had ever been to Africa,

之前我們都沒去過非洲，

in the fall of 1993.

那是1993年的秋天。

We were already engaged to be married.

那個時候我們已經訂婚了。

We married a few months later,

幾個月後就結婚了，

and this was the trip where we really went to see

這趟旅行我們特別想看

the animals and to see the savanna.

動物以及大草原。

It was incredible. Bill had never taken that much time

非常神奇。

off from work.

比爾從未放假那麼長時間。

But what really touched us, actually, were the people,

但真正感動我們的，是那裡的人，

and the extreme poverty.

以及那邊極度的貧困。

We started asking ourselves questions.

我們開始問自己，

Does it have to be like this?

這裡真的只能這樣嗎？

And at the end of the trip,

在我們旅行結束的時候，我們去了桑給巴爾島，

we went out to Zanzibar,

並且花了點時間在沙灘上散步，

and took some time to walk on the beach,

我們在交往的時候經常如此。

which is something we had done a lot

那時我們已在討論

while we were dating.

從微軟獲得的財富

And we'd already been talking about during that time

將用於回報社會，

that the wealth that had come from Microsoft

但從那次海邊散步，

would be given back to society,

我們真正開始討論

but it was really on that beach walk

我們可以做什麽 以及我們可以怎麼做？

that we started to talk about, well,

克：所以，既然那次度假

what might we do and how might we go about it?

誕生了世界最大的私人基金會，

CA: So, given that this vacation

這假期是十分昂貴了。

led to the creation of

（笑）

the world's biggest private foundation,

美：是這樣。我們很開心。

it's pretty expensive as vacations go. (Laughter)

克：你們誰是主要的策動者，

MG: I guess so. We enjoyed it.

還是你們是同等的？

CA: Which of you was the key instigator here,

比爾·蓋茲：我覺得我們當時都很興奮，

or was it symmetrical?

想到我們人生將有一個階段

Bill Gates: Well, I think we were excited

我們能一起工作

that there'd be a phase of our life

以及研究如何將這筆錢回饋社會。

where we'd get to work together

在那個階段，我們在討論最窮的階層。

and figure out how to give this money back.

能否對他們有重大的影響？

At this stage, we were talking about the poorest,

是否還有他們需要但沒人在做的事情？

and could you have a big impact on them?

有很多事情我們都還不瞭解。

Were there things that weren't being done?

現在回首，那時我們是驚人的天真。

There was a lot we didn't know.

但是我們有熱情，在那個階段，

Our naïveté is pretty incredible,

微軟後的那個階段

when we look back on it.

會是我們的慈善事業。

But we had a certain enthusiasm

美：比爾一直認為那個階段 會是在他60歲以後。

that that would be the phase,

那他還沒到60，

the post-Microsoft phase

所以有些事在途中會改變。

would be our philanthropy.

克：所以開始於那裡，但加速進行了。

MG: Which Bill always thought was going to come

當時是1993，而真正基金會建立是1997。

after he was 60,

美：是。1997年我們讀了一篇文章，

so he hasn't quite hit 60 yet,

是關於腹瀉導致各地太多孩子死去。

so some things change along the way.

我們一直對自己說：

CA: So it started there, but it got accelerated.

“這不對。

So that was '93, and it was '97, really,

在美國，你只需要去藥店。”

before the foundation itself started.

所以我們開始找科學家，

MA: Yeah, in '97, we read an article

開始研究學習人口、疫苗、

about diarrheal diseases killing

哪些有效、哪些失敗了。

and we kept saying to ourselves,

我們是從那個時候真正開始的。

"Well that can't be.

大概在1998年末，1999年。

In the U.S., you just go down to the drug store."

克：所以你們有一大把錢，

And so we started gathering scientists

以及一個充滿各種不同問題的世界。

and started learning about population,

你們怎麼決定關注哪一個問題？

learning about vaccines,

比爾·蓋茲：我們決定挑選兩個事業，

learning about what had worked and what had failed,

現在全球最不平等的是什麼，

and that's really when we got going,

那我們關注的是 那些將死的孩子們，

was in late 1998, 1999.

沒有足夠營養去成長的孩子們，

CA: So, you've got a big pot of money

以及那些真正停滯的國家，

and a world full of so many different issues.

因為那樣高的死亡率，

How on Earth do you decide what to focus on?

父母會有很多孩子

BG: Well, we decided that we'd pick two causes,

以至於他們的人口快速增長，

whatever the biggest inequity was globally,

孩子們又相當病弱，

and there we looked at children dying,

使他們無法接受教育

children not having enough nutrition to ever develop,

來支持他們自己。

and countries that were really stuck,

那是我們在全球關注的事業。

because with that level of death,

然後在美國，

and parents would have so many kids

我們都接受了極好的教育，

that they'd get huge population growth,

我們視為是美國

and that the kids were so sick

實現它平等機會的諾言的方式，

that they really couldn't be educated

就是具有一個獨特非凡的教育體系。

and lift themselves up.

但隨著我們瞭解的更多，我們更意識到

So that was our global thing,

我們沒有真的實現那個諾言。

and then in the U.S.,

所以我們選擇了這兩件事，

both of us have had amazing educations,

而這個基金會做的所有事情

and we saw that as the way that the U.S.

都是關注於這兩件事。

could live up to its promise of equal opportunity

克：我請你們各選了一張

is by having a phenomenal education system,

你喜歡並且能夠說明 你做的工作的圖片。

and the more we learned, the more we realized

美琳達，這是你選的。

we're not really fulfilling that promise.

這是關於什麼？

And so we picked those two things,

美：旅遊中我最愛的事之一就是

and everything the foundation does

去農村和當地的婦女聊天，

is focused there.

無論是孟加拉、印度，還是非洲的很多國家，

CA: So, I asked each of you to pick an image

我只作為一名無名的西方婦女去。

that you like that illustrates your work,

我不跟她們說我是誰，只穿條卡其褲。

and Melinda, this is what you picked.

我一直聽到的是，

What's this about?

隨著我旅行更多，我反覆聽到：

MG: So I, one of the things I love to do when I travel

“我想要這種注射針。”

is to go out to the rural areas and talk to the women,

我是在和她們談兒童疫苗，

whether it's Bangladesh, India,

而她們會說：

and I go in as a Western woman without a name.

“那我要有的那針呢？”

I don't tell them who I am. Pair of khakis.

那是她們得到的一種注射，叫狄波-普维拉，

And I kept hearing from women,

是一種避孕手段。

over and over and over, the more I traveled,

然後我回去會咨詢全球衛生專家，

"I want to be able to use this shot."

然後他們會說：“不會，避孕用

I would be there to talk to them

發展中的國家都有庫存”。

and they would bring the conversation around to

你需要在報告中挖深點，

"But what about the shot I get?"

這是我們團隊給我的。

which is an injection they were

在非洲，婦女說的

which is a contraceptive.

她們最需要的東西

And I would come back and

一年中超過200天缺貨。

and they'd say, "Oh no, contraceptives

這能解釋她們會說

are stocked in in the developing world."

“我瞞著丈夫走了10公里到診所

Well, you had to dig deeper into the reports,

但那裡什麼都沒有“。

and this is what the team came to me with,

所以，避孕套在非洲是有庫存的，

which is, to have the number one thing

是因為那些對愛滋病開展的工作

that women tell you in Africa they want to use

由美國和其它國家支持的。

stocked out more than 200 days a year

但婦女也會反複告訴你：

explains why women were saying to me,

“我無法要求我的丈夫用避孕套，

"I walked 10 kilometers without

那是暗示他或者我有愛滋病。

and I got to the clinic, and there was nothing there."

但我需要它，因為那樣我能隔開

And so condoms were stocked in in Africa

生孩子的時間，我才能養他們

because of all the AIDS work that the U.S.

並有機會教育他們。”

and others supported.

克：美琳達，你是天主教徒。

But women will tell you over and over again,

你常被捲入

"I can't negotiate a condom with my husband.

關於這個問題的爭論，

I'm either suggesting he has AIDS or I have AIDS,

以及關於墮胎的爭論，

and I need that tool because then I can space

而且是與正反兩方。

the births of my children, and I can feed them

你如何應對？

and have a chance of educating them."

美：是，這是非常重要的一點。

CA: Melinda, you're Roman Catholic,

作為全球的一員，我們對於避孕問題退縮了。

and you've often been embroiled

我們知道有2.1億女性

in controversy over this issue,

想得以使用避孕措施。

and on the abortion question,

甚至只是我們美國有的避孕藥。

on both sides, really.

但是我們因為國內的政治爭論而不提供，

How do you navigate that?

對我而言那是犯罪。

MG: Yeah, so I think that's a really important point,

我一直在尋找人

which is, we had backed away from contraceptives

將這個問題帶回全世界的關注，

as a global community.

最後我明白了自己必須去做。

We knew that 210 million women

即便我是一個天主教徒，

were saying they wanted access to contraceptives,

我相信避孕措施。

even the contraceptives we have

就像美國大部份女性天主教徒

and we weren't providing them

承認使用避孕措施，

because of the political controversy in our country,

我不能讓這個爭議阻遏我們。

and to me that was just a crime,

我們在美國曾對避孕有共識。

and I kept looking around trying to find the person

所以我們達成了全球的共識，

that would get this back on the global stage,

事實上我們爲了這個女性的問題

and I finally realized I just had to do it.

募捐到26億美元。

And even though I'm Catholic,

（掌聲）

I believe in contraceptives

克：比爾，這是你的圖表，這是關於什麽？

just like most of the Catholic

比：我的圖表上有數字。

who report using contraceptives,

（笑聲）

and I shouldn't let that controversy

我非常喜歡這個圖表。

be the thing that holds us back.

這是每年五歲前夭折的兒童總數。

We used to have consensus in the United States

你會發現這真的

around contraceptives,

是一個巨大成功的故事，但並不廣為人知，

and so we got back to that global consensus,

我們取得了多麼大的進展。

and actually raised 2.6 billion dollars

我們從2千萬，在我出生的年代，

around exactly this issue for women.

到現在減少到6百萬。

(Applause)

這是一個主要關於疫苗的故事。

CA: Bill, this is your graph. What's this about?

過去每年幾百萬孩子死於天花，

BG: Well, my graph has numbers on it.

但那被根除了，所以降到了0。