Oh, sorry, that's Elvis.

E's crying because he's been very lonely lately.

He said very lonely lately.

Very lonely...

E, what do you mean: "You've been very lonely lately"?

Hi. James from engVid.

A lot of times we, in English, use time...

When I say time words, I'm not talking about: "when" or "while", or "after" and "before",

which indicate what is happening in time; if it's coming this way or that way.

But we have time words and time phrases, which is to give us more information than "before"

or "after" because they can be used more generally.

Example: I can say: "Before I did this video, I had dinner."

But if I say: "I recently had it", you know it's in memory; in the period of time in my

memory that's very close.

It's a little deeper, a little bit more knowledge or a little bit more information.

So, when we're looking here, I'm going to give you some phrases and some words that

do the same thing as "recently" does, which is more information than "before" or "after".

Cool?

Let's go to the board, and we'll find out why E is so lonely he could die.

[Laughs] Anyway.

Just as time flows, I'm going to start in the natural progression of time.

Past happens before, then the present is now, and the future.

And I'm going to try to give you a few words with each that you will find that native speakers

use on a regular basis to give you an idea or an impression about what kind of time they're

talking about.

And some of these things-and E gave me a really good one with "this Wednesday" and "next Wednesday"-are

so common that we use it that, you know, foreign speakers get confused, because they're like:

"What do you mean there's only one way to say?

Why be so specific?"

It's like: No, we're actually giving you more information.

So, let's go to the board and we'll start out with "old-fashioned".

This one's kind of easy, because we're talking about the past, here, because you know "old"

is before.

But you're going to say: "Old-fashioned, why?"

Well, when somebody says something is old-fashioned, they usually mean it's not in style anymore.

All right?

It's not modern.

So you can say: "This is an old-fashioned donut."

It doesn't mean it's bad.

It just means it's...

You know, it's from an older style or a generation prior to.

But when somebody says: "You have old-fashioned manners or old-fashioned language", they're

saying: "You know what?

People don't kind of use this anymore.

That's an old-fashioned idea."

Right?

It's kind of not being used, so we have that to the past.

It's usually associated with things in the past or things that are gone or should be

gone.

"Out-dated".

"That out-dated mode of thinking they use on a regular basis - PC talk (politically

correct talk)."

It means it's no longer used or no longer useful.

So, you might have this idea or you might have, I don't know.

My cellphone is like an S4 from Samsung.

I'm mentioning it for two reasons.

Samsung, I need a new cellphone; it's an S4.

And you people out there, please give me a new cellphone.

I'm joking.

I want Samsung to give me a cellphone.

Advertising for ya.

But my phone's basically out-dated.

It's so out-dated that they use it to...

Oh, I don't even have a good joke - it's that out-dated.

It's no longer used or useful.

Most new systems are at an S8 or what have you, so somethings I can't use.

I don't care.

I like my phone, to be honest.

Now, "out-dated" means it's just kind of, like, not being used; no longer used or useful.

Operative word or the word that's important is not...

"Not useful" means it's not as convenient as something that would be new.

The word you don't want to hear someone say to you is "obsolete".

All right?

If this is obsolete, it is no longer used.

Yes.

Old credit cards.

You know, you don't pay it?

It becomes obsolete; you can't use it no more.

Bad example.

Obsolete - dinosaurs.

Ever seen one?

Mm-mm - you don't.

Birds is as close as we got to them; they gone.

They're obsolete.

That technology or that biological technology is no longer used, people.

We are the new ones.

Being the...

So, now time to move to the present.

What present...?

Present day forms do we use to explain what's going on in the present?

A lot of you guys will know: "now" or "present", because these are the two words you've been

taught.

Have you ever been confused when someone says to you: "Nowadays, the kids wear their jeans

down by their butts"?

You're like: "What?

What do you mean, 'nowadays'?

You mean today?"

Like: "No.

Nowadays."

It means at the present and it is different from the past.

When anyone says to you: "nowadays", they're literally saying the days today are different

than the days before.

Right?

You know.

"I know it's old-fashioned that a man should pull up his pants and wear a belt.

Right?

Should pull the pants up.

Nowadays, the children have the pants down their ass."

You know, it's like: What?

It's like: "Well, today is different than the past.

Nowadays".

And it's not a day; it's a period of time.

So they're saying in recent memory from, you know, two, three, four years, or two...

Yeah, two, three, four years, or two/three months.

But usually it's a longer period of time in the present and it's not one point; it's a

bubble you could say.

All right?

So, bridges the past and the present; saying there's a difference between the past and

the present and it goes over a period of time.

"Lately".

Haven't seen you around here lately.

E, where you been lately?

And this is the one he used here.

And this one means not long ago.

I haven't seen E lately.

It means maybe in the last hour or two.

With "nowadays" we're talking maybe a year or two, maybe even at 10 years; "lately" means

recently.

Right?

Not too long ago.

You know?

I haven't...

I haven't had a Starbucks lately.

That could in a week or two or a month.

You're not talking years.

All right?

So, watch these.

You can use these for different things, so you have a greater expression of present time

and more of a recent expression of present time.

Now, here's one of my favourite: Notice how these are "lately" and "latest"?

Seems similar; very different.

"Latest" means most recent.

It means the newest thing.

The latest Apple computer can make coffee for you.

The latest Apple computer; not the lately one.

The latest.

It means newest.

It's like a superlative.

Right?

"Newest", "most", "best", "biggest", "latest".

It is the newest thing out there.

So, when talking the present, we can say: "The latest thing.

Have you heard the latest news?"

It means the newest news.

"Lately the news hasn't been very good" - in recent memory.

"The news nowadays", it means maybe this year or the last four years.

Very different periods of time.

So, we go from now, a bit more than now, to longer periods and we're still talking about

now.

Cool.

Now you've expanded your vocabulary, let's move to the future.

Now, the future has a couple of constructions that are really difficult, and I understand

it's difficult for students to get because when we learn these phrases, it's just part

of something we watch and see; we don't think too much about it.

And the constructions of the sentences make it actually hard for people to get.

So, I'm going to start with a point here.

These two here and then go up to this one.

Bear with me and I'll get there for you.

Okay.

So, when you have one and two...

Okay?

Number two is next to one, so it's the next one.

When we say: "The next day", we mean not day number one, but day number two.

So it's one extra day.

"I'll do it the next day or the day...

Next..."

Sorry.

I'll do it the next day.

"A week from now" is similar to that.

Now, I know you know "now", so let's take this one and write "now".

Okay?

Now, when we do: "a week from now", that's going to be one week is here, so the difference

is one week from whenever that period of time is.

"Now" is...

Let's say today is Friday.

Now it's Friday.

So, one week from now will be next Friday; a one-week difference.

One plus.

Cool?

So, in this case, when we talk about these two: "a week from now", we're talking about

adding one week to the day we're talking about.

When we say: "the next day" we mean literally the next day, and we can follow the one, two

example.

Not today; that day here.

From here, this day is Friday - one week from now will be the next Friday.

We're good with that?

Good, because now is when it gets complicated.

Well, actually, not really.

We're going to start with this one.

Actually let's start with this one to make it easy.

We'll start with "tomorrow".

Okay?

So let's go back up here.

And you know what "tomorrow" means, right?

It's not today, but tomorrow.

So when you have "tomorrow"...

I'm going to write "tom." for short for "tomorrow".

This one says: "The day after tomorrow".

Well, here's today.

Okay?

And remember we talked about this is one and this is two?

This is tomorrow.

What would be after tomorrow?

Three.

All right?

And this is after tomorrow, so we're going to hear "after".

So, the day after tomorrow is really two days from now.

Today...

Not today, but tomorrow.

And after tomorrow is the third day, which means two days from now.

English people usually say that.

They'll go: "You know, the day after tomorrow we'll do it."

Two days from now.

Now you understand that, we're going to go to the next one which seems even harder: "The

week after next".

It's the exact same thing, except we're talking about weeks as opposed to days.

Let's go back to the board.

Okay?

So, we're going to say: "after".

Okay?

So we're talking about a week, which was number one.

Right?

After that would be two, and then we have this funny word: "next", which would be three.

Well, we know three minus one equals what?

Two.

So, not this week; it's after that by a week, and then it's next.

So we're talking about two weeks from now.

And you're going to go: "James, hold on a second.

That's exactly the same as 'the day after tomorrow'."

Like, yeah, except: "The day after tomorrow" is talking about days; "the week after next"