Name: 【環境教育】人定勝天？反思人類與大自然之間的關係 (Is it time to reassess our relationship with nature? | BBC Ideas)
Uploaded: 2020-08-25T21:01:10.000Z
Duration: 4 min 45 s

But, hang on, aren't we part of the Earth?

但等等，我們不算是地球的一部分嗎？

We're organic creatures, made of the same molecules as everything else on our planet, one interconnected ecosystem that keeps us all alive.

我們也是有機生物，像地球上其他東西一樣由相同分子所構成，這樣一個互相連結的生態系孕育著我們。

But are we superior? Different? Or special?

但我們比較高等、不同或特別嗎？

Why do we so often feel, well ... separate from the Earth?

為什麼我們經常…將自己和地球劃分開來？

事實上，並不是所有人都這樣想的。

Throughout human history lots of cultures have viewed their relationship to the Earth in other ways.

綜觀人類歷史，有許多文化用不同的方式來看待自己與大自然的關係。

Animism--the belief that spirit infuses objects, nature and the whole of existence--is a fundamental principle of many indigenous societies.

泛靈論，一個相信世間萬物皆有靈的理論，是許多原住民社會的基本原則。

In Taoism, cosmic energy--or life force--is everywhere and is constantly seeking harmony and balance between all things.

在道教中相信，天地間皆有宇宙能量或者生命力，且兩者時時刻刻都在尋求和諧與平衡。

Ancient Andean civilisations placed the spirit of Pachamama, or Mother Earth, at the very centre of their worldview.

古代安第斯文明將 Pachamama，或又稱大地之母，置於其世界觀的中心。

And, today, for many indigenous people of the world, like the U'wa tribe in Colombia, the Earth is not just the dust from which human beings are made, it's the spirit of their people and ancestors.

而到今日，對於世界上許多原住民，如位於哥倫比亞的 U'wa 部落而言，大地不單單是孕育人類生命的存在，更是人們和其祖先靈魂的所在。

This isn't always an easy idea for people in today's Western societies to grasp.

這對於現在西方社會來說是個很難領略的道理。

The Druids of Ancient Britain did grasp it--focusing their spiritual practices on a reverence and connection with nature.

古代英國的德魯伊人有掌握到這個道理，他們的信仰活動主要專注於大自然的崇敬和連結。

But when Christianity spread through Europe, animism was condemned as pagan and savage.

但當基督教信仰在歐洲擴散開來之後，泛靈論就被譴責為異教端和未開化的理論。

European colonialism enforced these views around the globe, in places like the Americas and Australia--crushing the indigenous peoples and their nature wisdom.

歐洲殖民主義在全球，例如美國和澳洲這樣的地方，強力推行了這個觀點，擊潰了原住民和他們所相信的關於大自然的智慧。

Since the birth of agriculture, humans had been manipulating the world around them, harnessing, dividing and selling its natural resources.

自從農業出現，人類一直在操控這個世界並利用、分配及出售這些自然資源。

But under colonization, the Earth became a place to be conquered, dominated, farmed, fished, plundered and mined, on a vast scale.

但在殖民主義下，地球變了一個被大規模攻略、佔領、放牧、捕撈、掠奪和採礦的地方。

Was there any scientific thinking behind our ever-increasing control over the natural world?

在我們對大自然不斷加強控制的背後，是否有任何科學思想？

In fact, thought was all the rage then, as French philosopher Rene Descartes, and other others, like Sir Isaac Newton, helped to kick off the Enlightenment--an era that prized reasoning, science and order.

事實上，思想在當時非常盛行，例如法國哲學家勒內・笛卡爾和其他人例如艾薩克・牛頓，共同開創了啟蒙運動這個重視理論、科學和秩序的時代。

A new view of the world emerged - with human beings as the thinking, rational masters, and nature as our unthinking, unfeeling servant.

一個新的世界觀出現了，人類是有思考能力、理性的主人，而大自然則為不會思考、沒有感情的僕人。

Standing apart from her, humans investigated nature's ultimate questions, dissecting her into smaller and smaller pieces.

將自己與大地之母劃分開來，人類開始調查大自然最根本的謎團，開始將她分解成小還要更小的碎片。

And with great power, comes...... you know the rest.

而這巨大的力量帶來了…你知道我接下來要講什麼了。

The Anthropocene Age had begun - an epoch defined by one dominant species.

人類世 (新的地質時代) 開始了，一個由優勢物種所定義的時代。

On a planet that is billions of years old, in just 500 years, much of the human race has come to see itself as the rulers and center of all life.

在這個擁有數十億年歷史的星球上，短短 500 年內人類就將自己視為生命和所有規範的中心。

Today, we are still trying to bend the planet's environment, processes and biodiversity to our will.

甚至是今天，我們仍自我地試著改變這個星球的環境、過程和生物多樣性。

Our vast, sprawling cities have pushed nature out of sight and out of mind.

我們巨大且蔓延的城市將自然從我們視野裡和腦海裡移除。

The world is attempting to meet the urgent challenge of climate change.

這個世界正在努力應對氣候變遷的急迫挑戰。

But can anything fundamentally change while we still see ourselves as somehow separate from Earth?

但在我們仍然將自己和大自然劃分開來的情況下，這些問題能夠得到根本性地解決嗎？

Other voices are starting to be heard once again.

來自其他角度的聲音開始再次被聽見。

Influenced by a resurgent indigenous view of Pachamama, Bolivia and Ecuador have passed laws granting all nature equal rights with humans.

受重新崛起的 Pachamama 文明原住名想法的影響，玻利維亞和厄瓜多爾通過了法律，賦予大自然所有生命皆與人類享有平等的權利。

And in New Zealand, a Maori tribe has successfully fought to have their river, and ancestor given the same legal rights as a person.

而在紐西蘭，一個毛利族部落成功爭取到了一條河流，且祖靈也與人一樣享有法律權益。

In an interconnected world, can we humans find ways to truly reconnect to all life on the planet?

在這個互相連接的世界，人類是否可以找到方法再度與這顆星球上所有生命一同存在？

A new era might start with one single idea.

只要一個單純的想法就可以開啟新的世代。

世界上沒有「地球」或「我們」。

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【環境教育】人定勝天？反思人類與大自然之間的關係 (Is it time to reassess our relationship with nature? | BBC Ideas)

ultimate

vast

ancient

attempt