Name: 【CNN10】人類抗體、世界知名地鐵、機器狗 (The Role Of Antibodies | May 13, 2020)
Uploaded: 2020-05-25T21:01:30.000Z
Duration: 10 min 1 s

From blood cells on patrol to robots on patrol, we're keeping our eyes open today on CNN 10.

從偵查中的血球到偵查中的機器人，我們要睜大眼睛看今天的 CNN 10。

I'm Carl Azuz with your Wednesday edition of our show.

我是 Carl Azuz，為您帶來星期三的節目。

By this time next week, at least 48 U.S. states will have relaxed some of their restrictions concerning coronavirus.

下週的這個時候，美國至少 48 州將會放寬一些關於新冠肺炎的限制。

Many health officials say opening up the country too soon could lead to more cases and deaths from COVID-19.

許多健康官員表示，太快開國會導致更多確診與死亡案例的出現。

Many business owners say keeping things closed could lead to a crash of the economy with more jobs lost.

許多企業則表示，繼續封鎖會導致經濟崩跌，更多人失業。

Scientists around the world are racing to test and study different medications like the one we told you about last week that could help sick people recover faster.

全世界的科學家都在測試研究不同的藥品，如同我們上週所提到，可以加速病人恢復速度的藥。

Scientists around the world are racing to develop a coronavirus vaccine, though one of those could still be a year away or more.

全世界的科學家都正想辦法研發疫苗，雖然可能還要等一年以上。

And while coronavirus testing can help officials know who's sick now, antibody testing can help them know who's had this disease in the past.

冠狀病毒試劑可能幫助政府了解誰有確診，而抗體試劑則能幫助政府了解誰曾經確診。

This is crucial because doctors say that up to 50 percent of the people who have coronavirus have zero symptoms when they're tested.

這很重要，因許多醫生表示，高達五成的人都是無症狀的。

So there could be a lot of people who have this disease or who have recovered from it without ever knowing they've contracted COVID-19 and they could have unknowingly spread it to others.

所以可能有許多人曾經或目前感染新冠病毒，而在不知情的狀況下傳播給其他人。

We've reported that the novel coronavirus was officially identified in Wuhan, China in mid-December of last year but U.S. intelligence agencies were tracking it there in November.

我們曾報導過新冠病毒是在去年 12 月中於中國武漢被發現的，但美國情報員其實在 11 月就開始追蹤。

The first case in the United States was confirmed on January 21st, but more research is coming out that suggests it was spreading in America and other countries well before that.

美國的第一例是在 1 月 21 日確診的，但許多研究指出，早在之前，病毒在美國境內與其他國家就開始傳播了。

So, antibody testing, when it works accurately, could supply some of the missing pieces of the coronavirus puzzle.

若抗體試劑運作得當，可以解開一些新冠肺炎的謎題。

One of the ways our immune system protects us from viruses is through antibodies.

免役系統保護我們免於病毒侵擾的其中一個方式，就是透過抗體。

Antibodies are proteins in our blood that attach themselves to parts of viruses.

抗體是我們血液中的一種蛋白質，會將自己附於病毒上。

That limit's the infection and also alerts white blood cells to come in, attack, and eliminate the virus.

這可以限制感染，並警示白血球前來攻擊、消滅病毒。

So in many cases, if the body encounters the same virus again, the immune system has left over antibodies that are taught and remember the previous infection.

在很多情況下，如果人體再度被同一種病毒侵入，免疫系統中具有經上次感染後所記憶學習的抗體。

These cells can either fight off the deadly virus directly, or they can produce more antibodies to help prevent the infection.

這些細胞會直接擊退病毒，或是製造更多抗體來對抗感染。

Researchers aren't entirely sure why this process works so well for some viruses but not others.

研究者不清楚為何這個過程，對某些病毒有很大的作用，某些則無。

Our immune system seems to remember some viruses better than others.

我們的免疫系統，似乎較容易記住某些病毒。

A person is generally protected for life after one encounter with viruses like chicken pox or polio.

人通常在得過水痘或小兒麻痺後，就會有一輩子的免疫力。

However, there are some viruses that our immune systems seem to easily forget.

然而，我們的免疫系統，似乎也很容易忘記某些病毒。

Scientists have reported that immunity could be short lived after encounters with some common seasonal coronaviruses, which can cause the common cold.

科學家指出，人對於能引起感冒的季節性冠狀病毒的免疫力比較短暫。

That could help explain why we can repeatedly get sick with something as simple as a cold even if we think we've been exposed to cold viruses before.

這就解釋了，為何人會一直得到像感冒一樣的小病，明明之前有接觸過感冒病毒。

We could be getting exposed to new strains as well.

And some viruses like the flu can mutate often, which means our old antibodies no longer work against these strains.

而某些病毒，像是流感病毒，常常會突變，這代表我們舊的抗體，就無法對抗這些新病毒。

While most experts do believe that we're probably going to have some protection after being infected with the coronavirus, we're still not sure just how long that protection will be or how strong.

雖然多數專家相信，人在感染新冠病毒後，將會得到一些抗體的保護，但我們並無法確定這些保護能持續多久、強度多高。

Where would you find the oldest underground railway in the world?

世界能看到最古老的地下鐵在哪裡？

London, United Kingdom, Moscow, Russia, New York, New York or Budapest, Hungary.

英國倫敦，俄羅斯莫斯克，紐約州紐約市，還是匈牙利的布達佩斯？

A section of the London Underground dates back to 1863 making it the world's oldest underground railway.

其中一段倫敦地鐵可以追溯至 1863 年，讓它成為世界上歷史最悠久的的地鐵。

When it was first built, workers dug large trenches through the streets, reinforced them, put roofs on them, and then rebuilt the street surface on top.

當初在建造時，工人在街上挖出巨大的溝渠，加強結構、加上屋頂後，再重新在上面鋪路。

Yes, the first year was opened The London Underground carried more than nine million passengers when only a few 1,000,000 people lived in London at the time.

非常好，第一年啟用時，倫敦地鐵載運了超過 900 萬名乘客，而當時倫敦居民只有 100 萬人。

Building methods got better, though: as the subway expanded, large shields were developed and pushed through the soil beneath the city streets.

建造工法也變好了，當地鐵擴建時，地下也出現了大型車站。

And one of these relics can be seen today.

而現在我們能看到其中一個遺跡。

All you got to do is look beneath the surface.

Most central London underground stations have some form of disused space, but some have far more than just something hold for pockets of history really tell a fascinating story.

多數倫敦地鐵中央線的站，都會有一些廢棄的空間，但有些站保有一些歷史，訴說著珍貴的故事。

[London Underground is the oldest subterranean railway network in the world.]

[倫敦地鐵是世上歷史最悠久的地下鐵路系統。]

[Commuting up to five million passenger journeys a day.]

[But it's also a museum for disused stations and lines, left in a time capsule.]

[但它同時也是個被遺留在時光膠囊中，廢棄地鐵站與線段的博物館。]

We're actually kind of commuting in a living museum.

我們可說是在一個充滿生命力的博物館中通勤。

It feels very much like you're stepping from a normal day to day lives into something completely unusual.

感覺就像從普通的日子，踏入一個非比尋常的地方。

[Siddy Holloway guides tours around these disused tunnels as part of the Transport Museum's "Hidden London" tours.]

[Siddy Holloway 帶大家來這些廢棄隧道，作為交通博物館「隱藏倫敦」導覽的一部份。]

This is the Moorgate Station that you might recognize and be very familiar with.

這是你可能會很熟的沼澤門站。

But where I'm about to take you now is somewhere that the public has not seen since 1924.

但我現在要帶你去的地方，是大眾從 1924 年後再也沒見過的地方。

Moorgate was actually the first station that was extended on the first underground railway in the world, which was the Metropolitan Railway which opened in 1863.

沼澤門其實是從世界上第一座地鐵擴建的第一站，也就是 1863 年啟用的大都會地鐵。

And so, Moorgate is one of the oldest underground stations in London.

因此沼澤門也是倫敦歷史最優有悠久的地鐵站之一。

This station's quite extraordinary in the way it's evolved over 150 years since it opened.

從 150 年前啟用以來，這個車站經過了許多特別的變化。

What we're looking at here is a passageway built and opened in 1900 when the city and South London Railway extended from King William Street to Moorgate.

現在我們看到的是一個地下道，於 1900 年建造並啟用，當時地鐵從威廉國王街擴建至沼澤門。

You can see there is original features all around us, in particular the white and black tiles, which are beautiful glass tiles.

你可以看到圍繞著我們的都是當時原始的裝潢，黑白相間、美麗的玻璃磁磚。

And here we've got some incredible posters that have been left over since 1936.

而現在看到的海報，都是來自 1936 年，很令人驚奇吧？

For example, an advert for Lifebouy Soap, which is an incredibly popular soap back in the '30s and '40s and up until the '70s.

舉例 Lifebouy 肥皂的廣告來說，Lifebouy 就是當時 1930、40 年代到 70 年代都非常熱門的品牌。

It really gives you a sense of kind of stepping back in time.

真的會給人一種回到過去的感覺。

Here again you can see way out to the lift would have set there, but also quite interestingly, right next to it is an old no smoking sign that's sort of slowly been, kind of, peeled away.

在這裡你可以看到本來通往電梯的路，有趣的是，你也可以在旁邊看到斑駁的「禁止吸菸」的標示。

This is actually from the second World War; it's not from 1924 when these passageways closed.

這其實是來自二次大戰時期，而非 1924 年這些地下道關閉時。

And that's because this whole area was used as a staff accommodation during the height of the Blitz.

這是因為這整個區域被當成倫敦大轟炸時期的收容所。

[During the German bombing of London in 1940 and 1941 known as "The Blitz," more than 100,000 people were sheltering each night at 83 stations across the network.]

[1940 年至 1941 年德國納粹轟炸倫敦，被稱為「倫敦大轟炸」，當時超過十萬人在 83 個地鐵站尋求庇護。]

It definitely feels like, you know, you're somewhere you kind of shouldn't be when you come through here.

這絕對像是個，當你來到這個地方，不該待的地方。

This is the only complete Greathead shield on the entire London Underground network, and this has been here since 1904 and will be here for the foreseeable future.

這是在整個倫敦地下鐵網絡中，唯一一個完工的 Greathead Shield，它從 1904 年便已經在這裡，未來也會繼續在這。

The whole of the London Underground would have been built with basically shields just like these.

整個倫敦地鐵本來會整個像這樣被建造起來。

The line was actually supposed to be extended further south to Loffbury.

這條地鐵本來應該要整個向南延伸至 Loffbury。

It started excavating the extension, but they ran out of money and instead of dismantling the entire thing, they just decided to put concrete into the tunnel and seal it up that way.

在開始開鑿後，他們花光了預算，工程無法繼續，但他們也沒有把整個工程打掉，而是僅以水泥將隧道封起來。

Probably with the hopes that maybe one day they would be able to finish the job.

或許他們希望有一天能把它完成吧。

The London Underground is such a fundamental part of city life.

倫敦地鐵可說是這個都市的根本。

Everyone equates London with the Tube, but rare for us in terms of experiences is that we're actually able to go and see and feel and literally experience this closed off space.

每個人都把倫敦與「Tube (地鐵)」劃上等號，但很少人真的有機會，能夠直接去看、感受這些封閉的空間。

[來支令人十分滿意的影片吧！]

The robotic dogs we've seen from Boston Dynamics aren't exactly the cuddly, furry sort you want to pick up and snuggle.

我們在 Boston Dynamics 看到的機器狗，並不是那種毛絨絨，讓人看到就想抱的狗狗。

它沒有接受過人類訓練，但有被程式訓練。

Its job is to play a prerecorded message in a human voice to encourage people to practice social distancing.

它的工作是播放預錄好的人聲，來鼓勵別人實施社交距離。

Spot's cameras can also estimate how many people are hanging around.

Spot 所配備的攝影機也能用來估算有多少人在該區玩耍。

This is a pilot program at a park in Singapore, and if it's successful more people at more parks could see more "Spots" in the days ahead.

這是新加坡在一個公園所施行的試驗性計劃，如果成功的話，之後可能會在更多公園看到更多 Spot。

Just the sight of that would make some people "scare-dy cats," and those who break the law could see Spot as man's best "fiend".

光是看到 Spot，可能就會嚇到，而違法的人也會避 Spot 唯恐不及。

But, if you're not a cat person, you're not "dogged" by robots, and you're not afraid of a canine crime fighter who's a little "McGruff" around the edges, you won't mind walking with Spot as long as the project isn't "short circuited".

但如果你不是貓奴，也不怕機器人或是行事凶狠的狗戰士 McGruff，那你就不會介意和 Spot 一起散個步，只要計畫沒有被腰斬的話啦！

Peola High School is watching today from Peola, Washington.

Peola 高中正在華盛頓 Peola 觀賞我們的節目。

It was great to see your comment at our YouTube channel.

謝謝你們在我們的 YouTube 頻道上留言。

I'm Carl Azuz, and CNN 10 will be "bark" tomorrow.

我是 CNN 10 的 Carl Azuz，我們明天見。